What is cultural history? Is it just a research perspective?、What are the characteristics and meaning? How to understand and position the history of culture?，It is inevitable to encounter such problems。"History and theory of Chinese Cultural History" (Zhang Zhaojun，People's Publishing House, January 2022) Try to answer these basic questions。

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Civilization History as the "mother" and "mother question" of cultural history，The key to understanding cultural history in China。The author thinks，History of civilization was born in Western Europe in the 18th century，In the 19th century, it was introduced to Japan，It takes the public as the main body，with a strong enlightenment nature and rationalism，Have progressive features，Open a new historic tradition，Therefore, it is called "new history"。Emphasized in the book，Liang Qichao and others introduced the history of civilization and did not copy the European and Japanese models，Instead of making accordingly according to the needs of Chinese reality and cultural traditions，This specifies the character of Chinese cultural history to a certain extent。

Liang Qichao not only spread the theory and concept of civilization history，And take the lead to practice。From "Chinese History Theory", "New History" to "Chinese History Research Law" and its "Edit"，He planned a cultural history from the history of civilization to a broad sense，Then go to the academic operation line of cultural bet365 live casino games history。Where，History of civilization is the foundation，The history of cultural history is reborn。Taking cultural history as the core，The new historians have clearly played the banner of "new history"，A new explanation of Chinese history，This is a subversion of traditional history。Hu Shi made important contributions to the development of Chinese cultural history，He promotes a goal of "organizing the country's hometown"，Writing a comprehensive Chinese cultural history on the basis of cultural history。In the author's view，Hu Shi and Liang Qichao have similarity for the construction plan of cultural history。First，They advocate the original intention of cultural history，All are based on the deficiency of traditional historical history based on political history; second，They all emphasize the introduction of scientific methods of the West，Divided the door category，Dedicated to build a cultural history of a general history，That is, a broad cultural history that is relative to political history。

In Liang Qichao、Under the advocacy of Hu Shi and others，The 1930s and 1940s，Liu Yan Zheng、Qian Mu published the cultural and cultural history of China's first system，Establishing an orgasm for the study of Chinese cultural history。The author noticed，Liu's active character Zhang Taiyan at that time、Hu Shi、Gu Jiegang and others have proposed severe criticism，Where，The most criticism、The biggest force is Liang Qichao。Liu Yanzheng's logical thinking and academic way of continuing traditional scriptures，On the base tray of modern new culture，bet365 best casino games With Li as the core，Establishing a historical system with Chinese culture as the main body。Qian Mu's historical orientation is similar to Liu Yizheng，The "National History Outline" completed in the special environment of his anti -Japanese war，It is a new history of culture -based。The author thinks，Liu、Cultural history research of money and others，Emphasize to inherit the Chinese humanistic spirit、Maintenance of the national subject as a mission，Pay attention to humanities、People，Work hard to discover traditional resources，Explaining the advantages of Chinese culture、Features and Spirit; Pay attention to comprehensive penetration，Holding "warmth and respect" in the attitude; its starting point and the keynote care and Liang Qichao、Hu Shi has obvious differences comparison，another research orientation of Chinese cultural history during the Republic of China。

　　Inheritance and consistent inheritance of new and old cultural history

The cultural history discussed in the book includes both traditional cultural history，It also includes a new cultural history with a greater momentum in recent years。The main purpose of the history of new culture is，Emphasizing the orientation of historios from previous social history (social science history) to the interpretation of culture。In the theoretical method，I borrowed from anthropology、Linguistics、"Cultural Research" theory，and some post -modernist doctrine，Proposal through the symbol、discourse、Appearance、Cultural Interpretation of rituals，to interpret the connotation and meaning of history。In historic concept，New cultural history releases Bet365 lotto review cultural factors and cultural interpretations in the primary position of historical research。The discussion of the history of new culture in the domestic academic community mainly emphasizes the differences in the history of new and old culture and even "opposition"。The author thinks，Theoretical method of new cultural history，Actively advance、Improving the original cultural history of domestic、Social History、Research on Political History and other fields。He pointed out in the book，The history of the new culture in the academic foundation of Chinese and Western and the context of the face，The new cultural history of the West is the result of "cultural steering" after the development of social history to a certain stage，History of Chinese New Culture，More based on the existing cultural history and traditions in China。For Chinese cultural history researchers，Rather than "steering"，It is better to say "turn into"。

The editor of this book uses more lengths to discuss the "internal consistency of new and old cultural history"，I believe that we must see the "new" and "different" of the new culture history，​​Can't forget its basic attribute as a cultural history。New Culture History is the new branch of cultural history，The two are in the same vein clues，With inheritance and consistent。The cultural symbol and meaning emphasized and demonstrated by the new cultural historian、Cultural subjectivity and energy、Culturalism and humanism, etc.，There have been different degrees of expression in previous cultural history research。History of Culture Regardless of New、Old，Bet365 lotto review All are people -oriented，Always take the history of writing people as the basic starting point and focus point。Villagers replace big characters，From the edge of history to the center，In this sense,，New cultural historians' focus on the lower levels and disadvantaged groups，It's just the original intention of implementing cultural history。

　　The attributes and research paths of cultural history

The basic characteristics and attributes of cultural history from the four dimensions are given an attempt to answer。One，It writes the history of the people，not politics、Military、Diplomacy and its elite figures are historical protagonists。Its two，In historical concept，It is based on recognizing the progress of human society and the theme of the truth, kindness and beauty of human nature，instead of war、Dark side of disaster and human society is research focus。Three，In terms of academic purpose，It pays particular attention to the conceptual world and spiritual characteristics of people，The spirit of rational spirit behind history、Tormented cases、Cultural symbol and meaning。Four，In terms of social function，It is not satisfied with the truth in the scientific sense，It also has a stronger color，Dedicated to promote the people's ideological enlightenment and cultural identity。

The phenomenon of "generalization" and "fragmentation" of cultural history research in recent years，The author thinks，Cultural History has its research objects，Some scholars advocate treating cultural history as only one method or perspective，worth questioning。For this，He carefully combed the three main bet365 live casino games research orientations of cultural history: the social history of culture — as a cultural history as a political history、Research objects in the side of economic history，Uniqueness of research perspective and methodology does not emphasize，History of cultural history under historical perspective。Cultural History of Society -Cultural History as a research method，instead of thinking that cultural history has a relatively independent research field。Cultural History of Culture -both viewing cultural history is a research perspective and method，Use it as a research object。It should be said，These three research orientations basically cover the overall appearance of current cultural history research。The differences between the three orientations of the three orientations gradually narrowed、Boundary limits gradually dilute。Whether it is traditional cultural history or new cultural history，The higher realm should be a fusion of two dimensions，The author said "Huitong"。

In recent decades，Compared to political history、Economic History、Military History, etc.，History of cultural history seems to be the most difficult to tell your academic identity and discipline positioning，in a relatively embarrassing state。This problem is not solved，It is impossible to establish the academic norms and systems of this discipline，It will face the possibility of being eliminated。I think，Cultural History can form basic consensus on some issues，It has its own exclusive research theory，The method of identifying all social history as a cultural phenomenon is ridiculous、Bet365 app download Can't operate。At the same time，All social and historical phenomena，There are cultural factors exist，Just different degrees，We need to perform effective explanations for us，This is an important basis for the existence of cultural history research。

　(Author Unit: Institute of History of the Academy of Social Sciences)