Basic historical materials determine the thickness and depth of the academic system，The academic system gives new connotations to historical materials、Perspective and Picture。A major project of the National Social Science Fund "bet365 free bets of Ancient Chinese Documents and Culture" led by Cheng Zhangcan，Extract the academic system and discourse system of "documentary cultural bet365 free bets"。“Using literature as the starting point to study culture，Study documents from a cultural perspective”，From this “we can see the documentary phenomenon shaped by cultural bet365 free bets，You can also see the cultural characteristics highlighted by the bet365 free bets of literature”。As a "documentary cultural bet365 free bets" system that reshapes traditional philological research，It is also inseparable from the support of basic historical data，The academic purpose is to construct a traditional discussion framework for the bet365 free bets of ancient Chinese literature and culture。"Collection of Ancient Chinese Documents, Cultural bet365 free bets and Historical Materials" (Cheng Zhangcan、Compiled by Xu Yong，Nanjing University Press November 2021 Edition，(hereinafter referred to as "Compilation Summary") is an independent component of the project results。

Nanjing University has a long and profound tradition of ancient philology，There are people such as Lu Qian、Liu Guojun、Li Xiaoyuan and other outstanding scholars，In Chinese Book bet365 free bets、Achieved substantial academic accumulation in library science and literature。After，Cheng Qianfan again、Xu Youfu waits for the rest of his life，Especially famous at home and abroad for his book "Xiaoyu Guangyi"。This kind of academic enthusiasm to explore changes and keep things right，Condensed in the collective achievement of the ten volumes of "bet365 free bets of Ancient Chinese Documents and Culture"。

"The General Preface" is written in a hopeful and forward-looking tone，The academic construction of literature and cultural bet365 free bets，For understanding the formation process and characteristics of Chinese culture，Understand the development and changes of ancient Chinese documents and their cultural value，Obvious meaning。This also provides a context for understanding the academic significance of "Ji Yao": First, it is a historical review that consciously inherits the ancient philology tradition of Nanjing University，The second is the pursuit of academic rationality to construct the basic historical material outline of the academic system of classical literature and cultural bet365 free bets。The selection and compilation of historical materials in "Ji Yao", especially the classification and arrangement and the compilation of abstracts of Chinese and foreign scholars' works，It reflects the integration and unity of historical tradition and academic pursuit，Not compiling historical materials for the sake of compiling historical materials，Thinking about serving the academic system of literature, culture and bet365 free bets，Thinking about highlighting the new cultural significance of historical materials，Of course, there are also documents and cultural bet365 free bets as a medium，Use historical materials to communicate between China and the West、Thoughts on building a bridge for mutual learning among civilizations。"Essentials" starts from the tradition of academic bet365 free bets and cultural bet365 free bets，View various historical materials related to the general school，Strive to make historical materials "alive" in the "flowing" cultural tradition。

　　The selection of bet365 free bets contains profound meanings

Every piece of historical data selected in "Essentials" has been carefully considered and contains "deep meaning"。For example，"Document Generation" Fourth "Engraving Printing"，Selected and compiled historical materials from Ye Mengde's "Yan Yu in the Stone Forest" discussing the Song Dynasty engravings。People customarily regard the invention of woodblock printing technology as an act that contributes to the inheritance of documents and the spread of culture，But Ye Mengde from the Song Dynasty "appeared to speak out"，Point out the cultural disadvantages caused by woodblock printing。For example，Scholars no longer pay attention to reading because it is easy to obtain books，Zhu Xi also had similar opinions。Furthermore, the prevalence of engraving printing has led to the demise of various ancient manuscripts，The errors in the printed version cannot be corrected。Another example is “documentation compilation” and second “collation”，Compiled two historical materials, Ye Dehui's "Collation" and Chen Yuan's "Four Examples of Correction"，The former more represents the collation picture from the traditional academic perspective，Including "collation work，There are eight virtues”，Also discusses two types of ancient calligraphy: living school and dead school。The latter is also rooted in the academic practice of traditional book compilation，But the four correction methods summarized——correction、Our school、Other schools and science schools，But it is filled with the light of modern academic interest and scientific rationality，Become a classic discourse in collation。Visible，Is there care and consideration of cultural bet365 free bets，Determines the breadth and temperature of philology to a certain extent。

"Document Collection" Second "Private Collection"，Selected and compiled historical materials from Hong Liangji's "Beijiang Poetry Talk" on the number of bibliophiles，Including reviewers、Xiao Hujia、Collector、Level 5 Connoisseur and Plunderer。Habitual interpretations are often entangled in which level is more advanced，Think that Hong himself admired textual reviewers and editors，It seems difficult for connoisseurs and predators to be refined。If you switch to the perspective of "private possession" to understand this historical material，There is a new experience，That is, Hong actually summarized the five roles that constituted "private possessions" in ancient times，They have made their respective contributions in promoting the inheritance and development of China’s excellent traditional culture。China has had a strong bet365 free bets tradition of scholars promoting Taoism since ancient times，The value and significance hidden in the continuous bet365 free bets heritage should be paid attention to。

"Documentary Carrier" The Third "Golden Stone"，A selection of "The Definition and Scope of Epigraphy" by Ma Heng。How the traditional study of artifacts moves toward scientific epigraphy？This historical material gives the answer。Another example，"Document Collection" fifth "Public Collection"，A selection of Luo Zhenyu’s "Private Discussion on the Establishment of a Library in the Capital"，Although it is called "private discussion"，In fact, it is a public spirit，Exotic products like the library create a new trend in Chinese culture。This historical material reveals the transformation of the ideological concept of documentary resources from "private collection" to "public collection"。Selecting and compiling historical materials requires one to understand the selection from the perspective of literature and cultural bet365 free bets、What is the selection，The perspective of documentary cultural bet365 free bets gives these historical materials specific academic connotation and cultural significance。Maybe it’s due to the size limit，"Ji Yao" seems to have omitted some historical materials，For example, Lu Qian's "Shu Lin Farewell" is an important material for scholars in the Republic of China to talk about woodblock printing techniques，The level of detail is far greater than what has been described before，No mistakes should be made。

　　Focus on the combination of literature bet365 free bets and scholar’s ​​spiritual bet365 free bets

Classics are the carrier of recorded culture，Sages are the main body of inheriting culture，Books and sages are a profound intersection between things and people，Exactly reveals the material and spiritual cultural essence of documents。Documents move towards the perspective of cultural bet365 free bets，To a large extent, it is the result of human construction，This itself is also one of the essentials of the bet365 free bets of literature and culture。"Document Generation" Fourth "Engraving Printing"，Selected "Suggestions on Protecting Engraving Craftsmanship" by Yan Gusheng，What is presented is the transformation of engraving technology from cultural needs to cultural traditions。The same vision is also reflected in the first "collection" of "documentation"，Selected edition of Zhang Yuanji's "Initiation of the Printing of the Four Series"，The opening line reads “Looking at the trees and thinking about my hometown，Study the literature and love the old country”，Can’t help but make people cry。Ancient bibliographers represented by Zhang Yuanji and others are committed to the compilation and preservation of rare ancient classics，His love for Chinese culture is vivid on the page。Same，“Documents are scattered” and the second is “lost”，Selected edition of Chen Yuan's "Preface to the Record of the Dunhuang Tribulation"，The lament and regret that the precious Dunhuang documents were lost to foreign countries，What flashes is the love of people with lofty ideals for the cultural heritage of the motherland。In addition，Yu Jiaxi's "Dialectical Preface to Siku Synopsis" compiled from the fifth "textual research" of "Documentary Collection"，shows the scholar’s ​​searching spirit of “penetrating” the pile of old documents。Take these historical materials as examples，It can be seen that the selection of "Ji Yao" pays special attention to the combination of literature bet365 free bets and scholar's spiritual bet365 free bets。Pay attention to the spiritual and cultural essence of documents，It is one of the innovative points in constructing the academic system of ancient literature and culture bet365 free bets，I believe it is also an important direction for future philological research。

　　Standardly innovative in bet365 free bets and arrangement

"Ji Yao" also has the academic characteristics of maintaining integrity and creating new ones in the classification and arrangement of selected historical materials，The "General Preface" summarizes and evaluates it as "the first time to construct a traditional discussion framework for the bet365 free bets of ancient Chinese literature and culture"。There are five categories of historical materials，i.e. document generation、Document carrier、Documents scattered、Document organization and collection，In line with the academic logic and historical logic of the document development process，No longer stick to the version listed in "Xiaoyi Guangyi"、Directory、Compilation and Collection Part Four。The starting point of document bet365 free bets is “document generation”，“Generation” is currently a “hot word” in the field of literature and bet365 free bets，Represents the cutting-edge academic direction。"Document generation" details "writing", "transmission", "engraving", "block printing" and "movable type printing"，Basically corresponds to the manuscript era and the engraving (printed) era of book bet365 free bets，The slightly more complicated one is “engraving”，Whether it should be classified as a manuscript or an engraving period remains to be further revealed。

"Document carrier" is the medium through which documents are circulated after they are generated，The book lists four categories: "oracle bones", "slips and silk", "gold and stone" and "paper"，Special emphasis on the role of the "gold and stone" medium。Generation and circulation of documents，Inevitably brings "documentation dispersion"。In order to avoid "documentation dispersion"，Various forms of “documentation sorting” are needed，The book lists five categories: "collection", "collation", "editing", "identification of forgeries" and "textual research"，I think "collection" emphasizes the compilation of "books"，“Gathering” emphasizes the compilation of “bibliography”。Another thing to point out is，The collection of documents here is different from the collection of ancient books，The former includes original (after various processing) results and regenerative results，The coverage is larger than the collection of ancient books，For example, "identification of forgeries" and "textual research" are reproductive achievements。The last is "Document Collection"，The editor lists five categories: "official collection", "private collection", "academy collection", "monastery collection" and "public collection"，Basically covers all types of book collections。With the rise of research on bet365 free bets books outside the region，Is it necessary to list a separate category of "outside collections"，Worth thinking。

　　Highlight the openness of bet365 free bets

The perspective of Western book bet365 free bets promotes the study of the relationship between ancient Chinese documents and social, cultural and historical relations，It also promoted the exploration of Chinese book bet365 free bets by local Chinese scholars to a certain extent。The whole book demonstrates the openness of the academic system of ancient literature, culture and bet365 free bets，Selected some works by Western scholars，For example, "The Birth of the Printed Book" co-authored by French Favreau and Martin，It is believed that this book opened up the bet365 free bets of various books in the future，Such as printed matter usage bet365 free bets、Publishing Culture bet365 free bets、bet365 free bets of Reading Practice、A pioneer in writing cultural bet365 free bets。This is undoubtedly enlightening for expanding the study of traditional philology in ancient China，That is, to examine various material documents in the cultural and historical atmosphere。For example，The woodblock printing industry in Hangzhou in the Southern Song Dynasty，Observed from a political perspective，Represents an officially licensed cultural form；Observed from an economic perspective，Hangzhou was the economic center at that time，A rich collection of carvers、Material resources such as paper；Observed from a social perspective，Hangzhou is home to various social groups，So books for various types of needs are published，To avoid competition，There is also the phenomenon of division of labor and cooperation。Compared with simply studying the value of cultural relics in the Hangzhou engravings of the Southern Song Dynasty、Documentary value and academic value，Obviously a "leap forward" in perspective。

In addition，"Book Culture and Text Dissemination in the Song Dynasty of China" by Susan Cherniak，Discussed the relationship between printing technology and collation in Song Dynasty，Thinks that printed books make collation practical and diverse；Caston's "Shakespeare and Books" discusses an interesting issue: a writer's influence is inseparable from his publisher、Printers and other non-literary and artistic forces；"Printing for Profit: Commercial Publishers in Jianyang, Fujian Province from the 11th to 17th Centuries" by Jia Jinzhu、Zhou Shaoming's "The Social bet365 free bets of Books: Books and Scholar Culture in the Late Chinese Empire", etc.，They are all comprehensive applications of economic bet365 free bets、Representative works on research books from the perspective of social bet365 free bets and cultural bet365 free bets。Tanceler's "Outline of Analytical Bibliography" is also worth reading，It helps to view the differences between bibliographical and collation orientations from a comparative perspective of Chinese and Western cultures。And Qian Cunxun's "Book on Bamboo and Silk"，It is a masterpiece on the bet365 free bets of material culture that examines bamboo and silk。Researchers who believe in Chinese philology，In the process of reading these treatises，It will definitely strengthen the academic confidence in Chinese literature research。

　(Author’s unit: Institute of Literature, bet365 free bets Academy of Social Sciences)