"Another side of the Moon: A comment from a anthropologist to Japan

[French] Claude Levi Straus/Yu Shan/Translation

Renmin University of China Press February 2018

"Another of the Moon: A Comment on Japan" is obviously a collection of essays，Nai French structuralist anthropologist Levi Straus visited Japan in his later years.。I have the opportunity to take it from the bookshelf recently，Read it in detail，With the brutality of admiring its writing，Most inspiration。

Levy Strauss has been to Japan five times，Cultural differences in the cultural differences of the concept of "Travail" (，What kind of relationship does he pay attention to the workers from the perspective of anthropology and the tools they use。In this regard，Japanese craftsmen will have a personal attachment to the tools used，That is, forming a close contact between work and nature。Perhaps，What is more seen in the Western world is a passive relationship for human initiative，In other civilizations，What I see more is the relationship between a person to cooperate with nature。In Japan's Drama Performance，Labor is described as a unique poetic value，Reflected the communication between man and nature。

Levi Strauss has the opportunity to contact with various artisans and workers in Japan，Including pastries、Squintr、Ceramic Division、Casting Master、Weaving workers、Dyeing cloth workers and kimono painters and the like。Therefore，He deeply noticed the huge differences between Japanese and Western handicrafts。The so -called difference between the West and Japan，Not in the best or maximum inheritance technology，and the protection of the family structure，The maintenance and persistence of the social structure itself in the Japanese society arrangement。

From the perspective of Levi Straus，When the Western world is moving towards "completely collapse"，Japanese society reflects a uniqueness。This is especially bet365 live casino games reflected in their calligraphy and painting、engraving、Cooking。If the Japanese prints that have been vigorously developed in the 18th and 19th centuries，Especially the illustration of "Miao Fa Lianhua Sutra"，Showing very profound things in Japanese art。Where，What I really see is the independence of expressive lines and uniform colors。Also，Carving on wood，This is different from using brushes to paint。In Europe，The independence and autonomy of these lines and colors ignite the passion of the Impressionist painter，Their artistic approach is completely opposite to Japanese prints。The interesting thing is，At this point，Nothing is more important than participating in natural practical ways on the body，This is obviously reflected in Japan's cooking showing completely unique things。The Japanese -style dish that is almost non -fat is obviously far away from and distinguished from Chinese food。Japanese cuisine is often presented as "pure state of natural ingredients"，Therefore, the right to choose how to match the ingredients is really left to the diners themselves。This reflects "the pursuit of a single nature and psychological hygiene"，Expression of isolation and separation。Therefore，Japanese culture will show a tendency to reject mixed。In China，The possibilities of Buddhism with different denominations in a temple，and in Japan，The temples of Tiantai Sect and the temples of the Santa Sect exist independently，This is obviously a manifestation of the mentality of trying to maintain the original appearance of material，Make it can be distinguished from other material。The expression of this mentality constitutes a major characteristic of Japanese culture。Another feature of Japanese culture is the pursuit of "extreme streamlined"。In this streamlined，Each element obviously gets a variety of meaning。For example，In Japanese cuisine，For the same ingredients，In addition to the feeling of the taste，There is also "the connotation of the season、Diversity Bet365 lotto review of Aesthetics and Special Texture ""。

From the perspective of Levi Straus，Japan belongs to a sound -tuned civilization。Therefore，It can resonate and associate with people based on things，This is exactly the original meaning of the so -called "things" of this residence。Uniqueness for Japan，Levy Strauss even specifically listed a discovery of Japanese neurologist Kado Tianshi，That is, the Japanese have a unique ability to deal with insect calls。They use the left hemisphere of the brain，instead of the brain right hemisphere used by people in other cultural circles。Therefore，It seems that when the Japanese listen to the cry of insects，What I think of is not noise but a rhythmic music singing。other，Japanese culture has a kind of processing ability to make new and old，Even the gods of the gods must follow the rhythm of the new and old conversion of the new and old conversion every year。

Levi Strauss noticed the role of Japan as a connection point in the East and the East and West。For example，Mythical prototype of Japan，Legend of the prince who suddenly can't speak because of fear and pain，It has a very similar structure with the legend of ancient Greece。and a Greek legend and a Japanese legend have such similarity，Really surprised Levi Strauss, a Western anthropologist。This is precisely the interdependence reflection between accidental similarity and nature of nature，Perhaps it is the common existence in the hearts of people。The king has a pair of myths of donkey ears，It seems that there is a real connection between Japan and the West。Obviously，In this regard，Buddhism brings together many materials of ancient Greece and the Greek era，By spreading to the Far East, it brings many myths about Greece there。

The monk Xianya Yifan (1750-1837)，It used to affect Japan and the world with those interesting paintings and calligraphy。The works of Xianya monk are so casual but full of wisdom，This aspect may be used as a prove that he was 88 years old.，Go to know when going。Do not sprinkle cliffs，I don’t know the depths of the cloud。"In addition:" Lingshan Qingzhong is bet365 live casino games called 80,000，Confucius disciples also three thousand。Mountain monks sit alone vine rock，Seeing the clouds in front of the cloud。"Japanese monks are obviously working collectively to Zen，They seek a consciousness。The Buddha statue of the monk of Xianzong Yuan and the first year of the monk to warm it，Mei Qi's name is not good，If you don't have to，Then go to burn the Buddha statue，This is scared to scare the abbot's abbot's eyebrows falling off，This monk is safe and sound，Non -damaged。These words of the monk of Xianya are a refreshing self -reflection: "No rich luxury，Do not ask Zun Heping，Regardless of seat，Do not talk about business，Unwanted person short。"and the monk of one break is the velvis of being arrogant，The so -called "Sumi South Black，Who will be in my meditation。Virtual Anti -Lai Lai also，Not worth half money "。Also，The painting of Xianya Yifan has a square、Triangle and circular ink painting, I don’t know how many people who have fallen fascinated，This is not the same as singing with Western abstract expressionism in the West? therefore，André Malraux will say, "No Far East Art，So far away from our art and us。"Levy Strauss also echoed:" Whenever the meaning of the inscription in the blank part of his painting works is what we understand，We understand the cause of this gap。Because，From the point of view and pen，The theme of text and painting has the same importance。"" This is the kind of text and picture interaction in Oriental art and the peculiar utility explained by each other。He continued: "Because we missed these short texts，They often presented in the form of poetry，There is an unclear inscription、witty irony and meaning outside，So we only have the incomplete understanding of its works。"All of these reflect the artistic accomplishments unique to the Japanese people with simplicity and complexity。Even，This also reflects the Japanese preferences of the Japanese，This expression that also belongs to the spirit of Japan。The Japanese Bet365 lotto review occupy a worldwide position in the competition of small electrical appliances，There is no doubt that there is also this kind of game spirit in the bone marrow behind its achievements，is playing a supportive role。If you go to the comic works of the bird feather monk (1053-1140)，This is not so difficult to understand this，The core purpose is to get rid of the binary theory of the Western world。

It can be said，In this regard，The Japanese are the so -called "primitive" the most veritable creator。They try to get rid of the binary theory between beauty and ugliness，To achieve a kind of transcendence in the relationship between beauty and ugly，Make the opposition between beauty and ugliness meaningless to speak，Finally realize what the Buddhist says is as state。Therefore, it can be said，The Japanese don’t want to achieve the pursuit of beauty by abandoning ugliness，Instead, it advocates the so -called "regardless of，Nothing to give up "。Levi Strauss commented on this: "So，The vibration of the soul makes people who listen to the story.，Let people understand the existence of empiricalism that imprison us in various contradictions，I think it can get rid of it when I think it is doubled，But it's just futile。"" This shows the method of indirect education of the Japanese，It reflected in the Buddhist Buddhism of Jingxiu in India after the 27th，It was introduced to China in the 6th century through the 28th Zuma Moda，The process of self -conversion of Japan's self -transformation。Think about Buddhism "What is this?" The answer is "This，What is this? "Here's one question，The huge differences or differences between the spirit of Western spirit and the spirit of Buddhism。Levi Strauss explained to，For the visitors of Western students，No questions that cannot be answered or should not be answered，The scientific spirit can only sprout here。and the self -negative Japanese monk reverse the wisdom of Buddhism: there is no problem to get the answer，Because each problem will evoke another problem; there is no characteristic bet365 best casino games itself，The so -called reality in the world is just temporary existence，They alternate with each other、Confusion。We obviously cannot get answers in this definition of interweaving。This is the difference between centrifugation and heart，The way to express self in the West is to fundamentally centrifug，and the self -expression of the realm of Zen painting is to express the inner search with the help of symbols，This is simply the meaning of the heart of。

These belong to the intersection of thought，Although it was born in different times，But the universal significance of pursuit is common。These teachings inspire people to abandon the appearance，As a result, all beliefs，Give up the pursuit of the final truth，Seeking a state of existence that is the most suitable for the wise，Life with others with others with this peaceful land，Share their joy，Pity for their inner sadness，Really conform to the existence of this world itself。In this regard，Ancient Greek philosopher Plato said a very wise saying: "The more opposite the two things are，The more friendly they will be with each other。"" (Plato "Lulisi" (215E)) Back to the question of initial labor，In Japanese society，"Labor" may not be like the West，It is seen that adults do what they do for non -activated materials，Instead, it is reflected in the intimate relationship between adults and nature。In Japan，Nature and people are regarded as one of them。

Levi Strauss, as an anthropologist, has two depth concerns，One is the so -called human forgetting of its roots; the second is the destruction caused by human quantity。Japanese culture undoubtedly wants to find a balance point among them，From this to emphasize a "yonaoshi" instead of real revolution。The traditional value of Japan can be completely maintained，Doom from self -disintegration。or，No self -eroding，No belonging。Those by Huaiyue Hall's peacefulness、Lingchuan Shi Xuan、The exquisite Ukiyo -e -painting works created by Songkawa Guofang and others can explain bet365 best casino games this。Therefore，Only thinkers like Ishida Meiyan (1685-1744) in "Capital Questions and Answers" and "Qi Jia Theory"，Make Japan "in the most modern appearance，Can feel the interconnection with its oldest past "。Levy Strauss at the end emphasized that "the work of anthropologists is not to imagine the future，but studying the past "。This is probably a western anthropologist's disappointment in the future and even the sorrow of despair。But obviously the more clear point is，After all, there will be a kind of compassion for people. It is worth mentioning today，That is what it says: "Human beings are not creators，But he know，Respect other lives。"This reflects another side of culture，It allows us。

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