The Liao Dynasty was a dynasty established by the Khitan people in ancient my country，210 years since the founding bet365 mobile betting country，However, due to the sparseness bet365 mobile betting "History of Liao" revised by the Yuan Dynasty and the extreme lack of historical materials bet365 mobile betting Liao Dynasty，So far our understanding of this dynasty is still unclear，Even including whether the "Wu Jing Dao" system exists、The important question of how the local administrative system works。"Research on the System bet365 mobile betting Five Capitals in the Liao Dynasty" written by Kang Peng (2023 edition of China Social Sciences Press) has put forward many unique insights on this。

　　“Empathy” with the bet365 mobile betting rulers

Compared with previous scholars’ stance and standards when examining the Liao Dynasty system，The biggest feature of this book is that it is based on the perspective bet365 mobile betting Khitan people，Understand the governance philosophy bet365 mobile betting rulers bet365 mobile betting Liao Dynasty as "empathically" as possible。This book does not pursue a uniform model，But try to proceed from historical facts，To all kinds of chaos、A more reasonable interpretation of conflicting accounts。

Based on this original intention，The book draws the following main conclusions about the five capital systems bet365 mobile betting Liao Dynasty: The five capitals bet365 mobile betting Liao Dynasty cannot be viewed using a unified standard，In addition to the eight financial roads bet365 mobile betting Liao Dynasty，There is also a military road。Nanjing of Liao Dynasty、The highest military organization, the Military and Horse Deployment Department, exists in Xijing and Tokyo areas，Belongs to the military administrative area，Tokyo also has diplomatic functions towards Goryeo，The establishment of Xijing was more for defense against the Northern Song Dynasty；The Shangjing area is mainly where the Khitan people live，Therefore, there are two types of privately owned prefectures and counties under Gongzhou County and Touxiajun Prefecture；The Zhongjing area was originally the activity area of ​​the Xi people，After the independent status of Prince Xi’s Mansion was revoked during the Shengzong period，The area became Xi、Chinese、Bohai、A place where the Khitan clans are mixed。

Jump out bet365 mobile betting local and focus on the macro

。Another feature of this book is that it does not discuss matters directly，But start from the macro perspective，Revealing answers to historical mysteries。For example, when explaining the meaning bet365 mobile betting name "Wu'a" in the Liao Dynasty，No longer obsessed with the Liao system，Going back to the Tang Dynasty to find the answer，Finally a convincing explanation。While discussing the time when Dongdan Kingdom was abolished，This incident was also compared with a series of actions by Taizong of Liao Dynasty in the first year of Huitong (938) (changing the imperial capital to Shangjing，Promoted Youzhou to Nanjing，Change Nanjing of Dongdan Kingdom to Tokyo of Khitan Kingdom) Joint Investigation，Believe that this is Taizong's comprehensive implementation bet365 mobile betting ruling intention of "dividing and governing"。Another example is when exploring the origin bet365 mobile betting layout bet365 mobile betting Five Capital Roads in "History of Liao·Geography"，Out bet365 mobile betting past, most academic circles only focused on Yeluyan's "Records"、The stereotypes of Chen Daren's "History of Liao" and the old and new "Book of Tang"，Added a review bet365 mobile betting general geography literature，Final discovery，The Wujing Dao style in Yuanxiu's "History of Liao Geography" is based on the arrangement method of "taking Dao as the key link" in "Taiping Huanyu Ji"。Another example is whether Liao Shengzong changed the name bet365 mobile betting country to Khitan in the year he ascended the throne or in the first year of Tonghe (983) the following year，Gives a new explanation from the perspective of status，Think of changing the name bet365 mobile betting country to Khitan，Declared to the Song Dynasty its sovereignty over the Sixteenth Prefecture of Yanyun through the method of "rectification of names"，Thus strengthening the political identification of Yanyun residents with Khitan。

　　Dynamic inspection bet365 mobile betting five capital systems

Systems often change dynamically，This requires us to pay attention to the time frame of its operation when understanding ancient institutions。Compared to the predecessors who often regard the one-time system contained in "History of Liao" as the system bet365 mobile betting Liao generation，This book is based on reality，Believe that the institutional construction bet365 mobile betting Liao Dynasty was carried out gradually without long-term planning，And the local governance characteristics of "governing according to customs" and "setting up officials as appropriate"，The organization that led to Wujing、There are big differences in positions and functions。Proposed by the author，Liaodong was originally Nanjing of Dongdan Kingdom，Tokyo became the Khitan Kingdom in the first year of Huitong；The five states in Shanxi formed a financial road first，Then form a military road；Ligongzhou County and Touxiajunzhou in Shangjing area，After the Holy Sect, it began to gradually transform into national states and counties；Zhongjing area has experienced changes from an area inhabited by the Xi people to an area inhabited by various ethnic groups。What deserves special attention is，This book examines the changing process bet365 mobile betting political center bet365 mobile betting Liao Dynasty from the perspective bet365 mobile betting migration of ceremony locations: Longhua Prefecture → Linhuang Prefecture in Shangjing → Xijin Prefecture in Nanjing → Dading Prefecture in Zhongjing，and peel off the cocoon，Analyzed the political and cultural evolution process behind this series of changes one by one。When summarizing the specific manifestations bet365 mobile betting Liao Dynasty’s national policy of “governing according to customs” in local governance，The author believes that this is reflected in the adoption of "division and rule by country" in the early Liao Dynasty，In the middle and later stages, it will be transformed into "district and rule"。Also pointed out，The dual political culture bet365 mobile betting Liao Dynasty is reflected in all aspects，There is a single boundary between Qi and Han，There are also dual aspects of Qi and Han，There are also mixed forms of Tibetan and Chinese，But in the seemingly chaotic local system，Also contains potential factors from disorder to order。

　　In-depth bet365 mobile betting direction

As everyone knows，The national policy bet365 mobile betting Liao Dynasty is "governing according to customs"，The system construction caused by this also seems to have no long-term plan。This characteristic is reflected in the Wujing system，The five capitals have the same name but different reality。In the introduction to "Research on the Five Capital Systems bet365 mobile betting Liao Dynasty" it is mentioned: "Perhaps，The rulers bet365 mobile betting Liao Dynasty never looked at the overall situation、Unify the planning of local governance models at the national level，Everything seems so casual、Wandering。But，We can definitely feel that the five capitals bet365 mobile betting Liao Dynasty are obviously different from the capitals of other dynasties，There seems to be an invisible line between the five capitals and the prefectures and counties。”However，We can’t help but ask，The Liao Dynasty was a country bordering the sea to the east、Arriving west to the Altai Mountains、Nanzhi Youyun、The Northern Dynasty that spans the desert，There are many ethnic groups under the rule，Under this national policy of decentralized governance，What means are used to offset the centrifugal force brought by this national policy，Thus consolidating and maintaining long-term unity？What are the lessons learned？Is Zhongjing the center of Han-style prefectures and counties in the Liao Dynasty，It is also the center bet365 mobile betting entire Khitan Kingdom？These may be questions worthy of further consideration，I hope the author can bring us more enlightenment in future research。

　(The author is an associate professor at the Song bet365 mobile betting Research Center of Hebei University)