The Chinese nation has inhabit the vast East Asian mainland since ancient times。Due to the southeast of the Pacific，To the north is the desert and Siberia，West on the Pamir Plateau，The Himalayas, which is the highest peak in the world southwest，Chongshan Junling、The four sides of the desert and the first ocean，As a result of the formation of China's land and territory, the composition and most Asia、Europe、Africa and America's ancient civilization far away and relatively independent geographical units。Internal concern，Differences due to complex geographical environment and economic survival conditions，Starting from the Neolithic Age，The Chinese nation enters the period of long -term coexistence of planting and nomadic groups，and most of the geographical separation。

Farmers inside and outside the Great Wall coexist with nomads and their different lifestyles，It is also one of the characteristics bet365 live casino games of Chinese civilization。Compared with the Wenming around the Mediterranean，China is almost all thousands of miles away from other ancient civilizations。Chinese civilization is exchanging outside，Especially the advanced nutrition of accepting the civilization of out -of -domain civilization，Not very "lucky"。China and India、Egypt、Babylon、Greece and other mutual communication and communication，I have to rely on the Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road，I have to cross Wanli Gobi Desert，or cross the Pacific and Indian Ocean，Make difficult remote Bet365 lotto review communication。This is also a more independent geographical unit in East Asia and evolving since its own logic、One of the objective backgrounds of development。We respect the ancestors of long -range and difficult contacts at the high respect of the Silk Road，More to cherish the open traffic of China and the West，It is necessary to cherish the essence of a series of out -of -domain civilization brought by the Silk Road and the Maritime Silk Road。

Bird's view of 5,000 years bet365 live casino games of Chinese civilization，"Commonness" exists in several regional sub -civilized sectors，It mainly contains the central and lower reaches of civilization zone、The civilized zone in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River、Desert grassland civilization zone、Northeast Civilization Zone、Xinjiang and other Northwest civilized areas、Tubo and other southwestern civilization areas。As early as Western Han，Sima Qian has divided the territory of the Empire as Guanzhong、Bashu、Sanhe、Yan Zhao、Qilu、Liang Song、Chu Yue and other eight or nine economic and cultural areas。If divided by civilized attributes，Can be divided into two major sections of nomadic civilization and farming civilization。Even in the farming civilization, there are eastern and western regions、The middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are divided into wild。Looking at the Chinese civilization of 5,000 years，"Demonstrate" has occurred in Huangdi、Emperor Yan and other ancestors integrated，Xia Chaozheng and Tang Destroy Builder，Wu Wang Ke Shang and the Western Zhou "feudal"，Qin Zhengzheng Unified Six Kingdoms，Emperor Hanwu defeated the Huns and Han Dynasty、Mobe、Integration of the Western Regions，Bet365 lotto review The first integration of Wei, Jin, Sui, Tang, Northern and South China，Further integration of the Song, Yuan, Ming, Qing Dynasty, north and south，Eight large -scale regional sub -civilized integration integration of "Five Topas" sub -civilization integration of the Republic of China。Among them, it also includes two or three Northern nation in the Northern Nation Two -three Wrangler Central Plains and even unified China。

1934，Fu Sinian wrote "Yixia West Theory"，For the first time, Xia Shang's Wednesday generation "Yi and Shang belong to the East Department，Summer and Zhou belong to the Western Department "，East and West Series "Born due to confrontation，Mix due to the battle，Cultural progress due to mixed "。This article can be called clearing ancient East、Milestone of the Western Region Civilization Coexistence and Integration，Extremely solved the pre -Qindong、Basic problems such as the relationship between Xizi civilization。

I think，With the "unification of Qin and Han dynasties"，East in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River、The integration of Xizi civilization is basically completed。Southern and South Dynasties, which has experienced nearly 300 years, and the southward movement of the economic center of gravity and cultural elites，The integration of the game in the north and the south region has risen to the main trend。The establishment of the two dynasties of the Sui and Tang dynasties basically implemented the "Northern Dynasties" system。and then，The integration of the "Southern Dynasties" system and the "Northern Dynasties" system in a unified country，Integrated after the Middle Tang Dynasty，The country transitions to the "Southern Dynasties" as a whole。Beicheng Cheng bet365 best casino games is the basis or entrance of the Sui and Tang Dynasties，Southern system is its evolution trend or export。

After the reunification of the Yuan Dynasty, it ushered in a new round of South、Important integration of northern system factors。The "North System" of the Mongolian Grassland System and the Hybrid of the Han Dynasty in the late Jin Dynasty has always served as the system of the Yuan Empire，Play dominance，Results of integration after unified yuan，Generally, northern factors occupy the wind。Zhu Yuanzhang used to "expel Hu Lu，Restore China "is the banner，Try to get rid of the old customs of the Yuan Dynasty。Of the Ming Dynasty's "Disposable Households" Household Law，Military households and craftsmanships such as hereditary，etc.，But never separated from the meta -system or northern system。Game integration of the North -South system factors in the early Ming Dynasty once again dominates from north。After the Ming and Central Labies，South、Northern Factors Start New Integration。The main manifestation is: the recruitment is gradually dominated，"One Powder Method" replaces "Different Households"，Private taxation elimination craftsmen，Longqinghai is banned open，etc.。Especially the "one -whip method" means that "the grain is bad" is derived into "finish money"，It should be the milestone of the southern system that overwhelms the north。

In short，Social and historical development has depends on the inherent motivation and mechanism of East Asian mainland for 5,000 years。Six or seven socio -economic development in east -west, north and south、The coexistence and integration of the regional civilization sector in different national culture and other different regional sub -civilized sectors，Sui constitutes bet365 live casino games the economy、The national second main line uses it as a carrier to perform the situation or mechanism。Cumulative impact and continuous interaction of their unbalanced development，caused almost all aspects of Chinese society in almost all aspects of fundamental changes，It also creates a unique system or development logic bet365 live casino games of Chinese civilization。This kind of self -made unique system or development logic created by the development of civilization is world -renowned，It is also amazing。At least in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States、Qin Han、Wei Jin and Tang and Song，With the sons Baijia、"Four Great Inventions" and the brilliant material civilization and spiritual civilization represented by the science and official science system，Lead in the world for a long time。

Egyptian civilization around the Mediterranean、Ancient Greek -Roman civilization、Babylon Civilization Compared with Indian civilization，Chinese civilization is relatively less affected by other ancient civilizations，Almost no "Greek", "Crusades East Expedition" and other external civilization impacts。Only a large -scale East Biography of Buddhism from India，Confucianism、The impact of Taoism is quite impact，But in the end, it is still in Buddhism in Buddhism、Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Taoism, and Taoism, etc.，It did not fundamentally shake the dominant position of Confucianism。It is the two or three times of the northern nation of the northern nation in the past two thousand years and even unified China，Impact deep weight，But it is still farming from ancient East Asia itself、Nomad second production method of long -term coexistence "old problems"，In the end, it will also be digested in the historical process or logic of the diversity bet365 live casino games of Chinese civilization。The ending is: 5,000 years of Chinese civilization has never been interrupted，No alienation to other civilizations or replaced by foreign heterogeneous civilizations。This is both the unique advantage of Chinese civilization，Objectively bring new factors、Some kind of limitations of lack of power and development prospects。The latter's downs of the emperor's dynasties that usually presented in the Qin and Han dynasties merged with the periodic period of the land cyclical，Just with Marx's "continuous disintegration of Asian countries、Continuous reconstruction and frequently change dynasties，Factory of this is the opposite，Asian society has not changed "and other theories，There are more fit or class。This may be the "slow stagnation" that people often criticize the evolution of the five social forms of Europe!

Today people often hate the "retreat locking country" of the Ming and Qing Dynasties，It is believed that this policy is the culprit for the lag bet365 live casino games of Chinese civilization for nearly five or six hundred years.，This is undoubtedly correct。But，We should still be soberly seen，Ming and Qing Dynasties "Closing Customs" is not all accidental，To be precise，Another policy choice for the opening of the Sui, Tang, Songyuan Trade Culture，It also has a deep social foundation that depends on survival or stubborn performance -self -sufficient small farmers' economic and government -controlled power control。In this sense，The journey of traditional civilization to modern civilization seems to be very difficult，can be described as a long -term and far away。and then，From "Western School East"、New Culture Movement，Passing to China to Marxist thought，It will be open to the outside world since the reform and opening up，Chinese civilization Bet365 app download will eventually be collected and stored in both "Nirvana Rebirth"。

(Author Unit: School of History of Nankai University)

Special Planning Group in this issue: Department of History