Confucian culture is the mainstream thought of traditional Chinese culture，Representative classics are "Four Books and Five Classics"，Historically Chinese thought on the West is also Confucian thought。On the occasion of the Ming and Qing Dynasties，European church understands the Chinese thoughts for missionary needs，So I started translating Confucian classics。It can be described as inadvertently inserting willow and willow yin，Confucian classics can be spread in the West，The response that was once caused was deep and huge。

The first Confucian classic translation was translated by Italian missionary Luo Mingjian in 1581，Translated "University" and "Mencius" with the Latin festival。Data displayed based on the long -term collection of the author，Since then, there have been about 304 translations of "Four Books and Five Classics"。Among them, about 180 festivals and full translations of "Four Books"，21 kinds of Latin translation、52 kinds of English、36 kinds of French、28 kinds of German、20 kinds of Russianwen、7 kinds of Spanish language、3 kinds of Italian，Two types of Finnish and Swedish texts，Danish Wen、Turkish text、Slovenia text、Norwegian text、Icelandwen、Slovakwin、Czech text、Hungarian Liwin and Romanian 1 kind of Bet365 app download each。The Book of Songs has about 51 kinds of translations，Including 13 kinds of French、9 types of Latin、10 kinds of Russianwen、9 types of Latin、6 types of German、Czechwen and Finnish, 1 type。"Shang Shu" translation is about 21 kinds，4 kinds of each of Latin and Russian、6 kinds of English and French、German 1。"Book of Rites" about 11 kinds，Including 4 kinds of French、3 kinds of English、2 types of Latin、1 kind of German and Russian。"Zhouyi" translation is about 32 kinds，Where，9 types of Latin，Latin、6 kinds of French and German，2 types of Russian text，1 kind of Belgian text。"Spring and Autumn Left Biography" is about 8 translations，Including Latin、English、2 types of French，1 kind of German and Russian。The author uses "species" here，No "Ministry"，The reason is that the translation includes multiple parts，Some translations have produced different types of translations，For example, the translation of the Book of Songs includes two types of rhyme and non -rhyme。

From the historical stage，Confucian classics have several nodes in the spread of the West。16、17th century，China's national strength is relatively strong，In the Western World, a "China Hot"，Chinese silk、Tea、Ceramic、Lacquer Water popular Europe，European painting、Architecture、Garden、Sculpture and decoration show Chinese elements。Sinology was born in the mid -16th century，At that time, the West's love for China showed a slightly exaggerated stroke，The Bet365 app download missionaries，Their translation is valued by high -level European levels。Louis XV Zeng Zeng's Royal Printing Factory Print a large number of these translations，Louis XV has ordered the casting of 120,000 copper type models in China。European social celebrities have beautiful words for Confucianism，Praise it as "model civilization"。Confucian classics carry the natural views pursued by many radical intellectuals in Europe、Moral view and political concept，is one of the theoretical sources of enlightenment thinking。European celebrities Leibniz、Wolf、Queena、Voltaire、Dudero、Holbach and others are obviously influenced by Confucianism。Writer Voltaire worships Confucius，I said that Confucius was the real saint，You can even find Confucius’s words in his work。Versailles Palace Royal Doctor Quine is the leader of the French Heavy Agriculturalist School，It was once known as "Confucius in Europe"。He believes that Confucius surpasses the ancient Greek sages，"The Analects" is far better than ancient Greek philosophy。

The 16th century is the stage where the Confucian classics in history in history in the far -reaching influence，The Confucian classic translators who are more influential during this period are in Matteo Ricci in Italy、Wei Kuanguo、Yin Duo Ze; Kim Pavilion in France、Sun Yan、Matsu、Song Junrong、Korean English、Liu Ying、Fu Shengze、Lei Xiaosi、Jiang Youren、Bai Jin、Geluxian、Tang Shangxian and Qian Deming; Portugal's Zeng Dezhao and Guo Na;、Wei Fang Ji; Kicher bet365 Play online games in Germany; Russia's Alexei Lionevich and Iraion Calinovich Rosimin。They translated 76 types of "Four Books and Five Classics" translations。There are many people who are full of learning，Have deep feelings for China，Many of them are buried in China。Ming Wan Wanjie Li Rihua gave Matteo Matteo Poetry: "Floating World is often sent，Youqi is home，That can be used as a dream，Spring Ren Tianya。”

In the mid -18th century, the Chinese Jesuits all turned to more professional research，European celebrities' attitude towards Chinese elements shifted from praise to critical。At this time，The translation of the "Four Books and Five Classics" still increases by about 36%，Westerners translated about 103 species (excluding reprints)。After the Opium War，Germany established the German Oriental Society，"German Oriental Society Magazine" created this issue。German Sinology Pioneer Prate is a number of Chinese cultural classic textbooks，Mainly Confucian classics。He advocates treating Confucian culture with a humble attitude。Gu Luber also advocates understanding the character of Chinese nation，Eliminate old prejudice。Goset, known as "Confucius of Weimar"、Russian famous poet Pushkin and writer Lev Nicholaevich Tolstai are praised by Confucian classics and their thoughts。American scholar Wei Sanyi、Di Kaowen、Thorlo、Vicham Lindsin has all promoted Confucian thoughts，Di Kaowen has granted "Four Books"。

The Confucian classic translator of the 19th century is mainly missionaries，bet365 live casino games Including the British Richard、Machman、Marizon、Ke David、Metus、McGeky、Weilie Yali、Jennings and Su Huilian，Russia's bhikkhus and priests West Vevev，French Gu Saifen and Father Sharmu，Germany's Wei Lixian and Hua Zhi'an。Among them, Rico、Gu Saifen and Wei Lixian have the most translated quantity、The most influence，It is the three giants of the Confucian classic。

20th Century，The spread of Confucian classics and two world wars that bring deep suffering。Confucian classics once again become one of people's spiritual home，"China Hot" in a small range，The rapid development of various Sinology research institutions，"Four Books and Five Classics" appeared about 125 translations。20 years in the early 20th century，The popular Chinese poetry fever has emerged in the United States。American Image Poet、Pioneer Pangde's "Book of Songs" of the modern literature revolution，Hot for a while，He believes that the world is not light，Confucius is a doctor。Just as the early Confucian classics became the source of the French Enlightenment，Confucianism is in line with American pragmatism at this time，The Treasure Gravity of becoming an American。

20th Century，Mainly Chinese scholars engaged in Classic Confucian translations in the West、Scholars and Translator，Among them, there are U.S. Onda、Bayes、Walter; Su Huilian in the UK、Zhai Lisi、Weili; French Huo Daosheng、Cowadel、Dai Mi Wei、Grandan words; Molitz in Germany; Soviet Popov、Alekseyev、Hugatz bet365 live casino games and Bayeroomov; Swedish High Ben Han、Ma Yueran and Rodo; Rudorph Davack and Vodryki in the Czech Republic;、Marina Charno Guska; Daiwenda in the Netherlands、Fick Lugate; He Ryse in Belgium; Louis and Ouro in Spain; Alberto Kastelani in Italy、Caro Ou and Paul Steowlo; Deych in Poland; Caple Kerhelan and Totov Kelkki in Finland; Jon Cl. Nobe Eristim; Malia Milinuski, Slovenia; Olei Bion Ryluni in Norway; Lagner Baldeson in Iceland;。

Most British and American scholars who have affirmed the Confucian classics at this historical stage。American sinologist Li Jiabai "take the Bible in one hand，One handheld ‘four books’ ”，In Beijing、Shanghai established "Shangxian Hall"。The Nobel Prize winner of the Literature Award of Pearl "China: China: The Past and the present" expresses the praise of Confucius words。Fei Zhengqing mentioned that Confucius's benevolence in his book "The United States and China" is a major invention of politics。Gu Liya, a famous American sinologist in the United States, is one of the few "Confucius experts"，By "Confucius and China", etc.，Fully affirmed the impact of Confucius thought on international thought，The book's reference rate among Chinese scholars is very high。Sinologist and philosopher Anlezhe、Former Chairman of the American Society of the American Philosophy Society, Herbert Fen Geter、Professor of London University、Dr. Tang Enbi, a historian、Scientist Lee Joseph and others all emphasized the meaning of Confucianism to the world。

So far，Confucian classics Bet365 lotto review have been translated and disseminated after more than 400 years in the West，Its international influence will last for a long time。

(Author Unit: School of Foreign Languages ​​from Fujian Normal University)