Confucian culture is the mainstream thought of Chinese traditional culture，The representative bet365 mobile are the “Four Books and Five bet365 mobile”，The greatest influence of Chinese thought on the West in history is Confucianism。During the Ming and Qing Dynasties，The European church needs to understand the Chinese people’s thoughts in order to preach，So began to translate Confucian bet365 mobile。It can be said that the willows are planted unintentionally，This is how Confucian bet365 mobile spread in the West，The repercussions it caused were profound and huge。

The first translation of Confucian bet365 mobile was translated by Italian missionary Luo Mingjian in 1581，Translated "The Great Learning" and "Mencius" in Latin。Based on the data collected and compiled by the author over a long period of time，Since then, approximately 304 translations of the "Four Books and Five bet365 mobile" have been produced。Among them, there are about 180 abridged and full translations of the Four Books，21 Latin translations、52 kinds of English、36 French languages、28 German languages、20 kinds of Russian、Spanish 7 types、3 types of Italian，2 each in Finnish and Swedish，Danish、Turkish、Slovenian、Norwegian、Icelandic、Slovak、Czech、1 each in Hungarian and Romanian。There are about 51 translations of "The Book of Songs"，Including 13 French languages、English 11 types、Russian 10 languages、9 types of Latin、German 6 languages、1 each in Czech and Finnish。There are about 21 translations of "Shang Shu"，Including 4 languages ​​each in Latin and Russian、6 languages ​​each in English and French、German 1 type。About 11 translations of "Book of Rites"，Including 4 French languages、English 3 types、Latin 2 types、1 each in German and Russian。There are about 32 translations of "Zhouyi"，Among them，English 11 types，Latin、6 each in French and German，Russian 2 types，Belgian 1。There are about 8 translations of "Chun Qiu Zuo Zhuan"，includes Latin、English、2 each in French，1 each in German and Russian。The author uses "kind" here，No need for “ministry”，The reason is that the translation includes multiple parts，Some translations have produced different types of translations，For example, the translation of James Legge's "The Book of Songs" includes two types: rhymed and non-rhymed.。

Based on the historical stage，There are several nodes in the spread of Confucian bet365 mobile in the West。16、17th century，China’s national power is relatively strong，There was a wave of “China fever” in the Western world，Chinese Silk、Tea、Ceramic、Lacquerware is popular in Europe，European Painting、Architecture、Garden、Sculptures and decorations reveal Chinese elements。Sinology was born in the middle of the 16th century，At that time, the West’s love for China was slightly exaggerated，It is the missionaries who truly have in-depth contact and spread the Confucian bet365 mobile，Their translations have attracted the attention of European high-level officials。Louis XIV ordered the Royal Printing House to print these translations in large quantities，Louis XV ordered the casting of 120,000 Chinese bronze typefaces。European celebrities often speak highly of Confucianism，Praise it as a "model civilization"。Confucian bet365 mobile carry the view of nature pursued by many radical intellectuals in Europe、Moral values ​​and political ideas，Is one of the theoretical sources of Enlightenment thought。European celebrity Leibniz、Wolf、Quesnay、Voltaire、Diderot、Holbach and others are obviously influenced by Confucianism。Writer Voltaire worshiped Confucius，Once said that Confucius was a true saint，Even the words of Confucius can be found in his works。Quesnay, the imperial physician at the Palace of Versailles, was the leader of the French Physiocrats school，Once known as the "Confucius of Europe"。He believes that Confucius surpasses the ancient Greek sages，The Analects of Confucius is far superior to ancient Greek philosophy。

The 16th to 19th centuries were the period in history when Confucian bet365 mobile had a profound influence in Europe，The more influential translators of Confucian bet365 mobile during this period were Italian Matteo Ricci、Wei Kuangguo、Yin Duoze；France’s Guinea Pavilion、Sun Zhang、Joseph Ma、Song Junrong、Korean English、Liu Ying、Fu Shengze、Lei Xiaosi、Jiang Youren、Bai Jin、Guru Xian、Tang Shangxian and Qian Deming；Zeng Dezhao and Guo Najue of Portugal；Bergley from Belgium、Francis Wei；Kircher of Germany；Alexey Leontyevich and Ilarion Kalinovich Rosokhin of Russia。They have translated 76 versions of the "Four Books and Five bet365 mobile"。There are many learned people among them，Have deep feelings for China，Many of them are buried in China。Li Rihua, a Jinshi in Wanli of the Ming Dynasty, presented a poem to Matteo Ricci: "The floating world is always like a message"，Secure home is home，It’s a dream to return home，Spring Ren Tianya。”

The Jesuits in China in the mid-18th century turned to more professional research，The attitude of European celebrities towards Chinese elements has shifted from praise to criticism。At this time，The translation of "Four Books and Five bet365 mobile" still increased by about 36%，Westerners have translated a total of about 103 species (excluding reprints)。After the Opium War，Germany established the German Oriental Society，The "Journal of the German Oriental Society" was founded。Pratt, the pioneer of German sinology, has written several volumes of classic textbooks on Chinese culture，Mainly Confucian bet365 mobile。He advocates treating Confucian culture with humility。Gu Lubo also advocates understanding the Chinese national character，Eliminate old prejudices。Goethe, known as “Confucius of Weimar”、The famous Russian poet Pushkin and the writer Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy both praised Confucian bet365 mobile and their thoughts。American scholar Wei Sanwei、Di Kaowen、Thoreau、Witchell Lindsay has promoted Confucianism，Di Kaowen personally taught the "Four Books"。

The translators of Confucian bet365 mobile in the 19th century were mainly missionaries，Including James Legge of England、Marscherman、Morrison、David Ke、Mados、McGurkey、Wei Lie Yali、Zhan Ningsi and Su Huilian，Russian bhikkhulin and priest Sivilov，France’s Gusephine and Father Chalmoux，Wilson and Hua Zhi'an in Germany。Among them James Legge、Gu Saifen and Wei Lixian have the largest number of translations、The greatest impact，They are the three giants in translating Confucian bet365 mobile。

20th century，The spread of Confucian bet365 mobile is related to the two world wars that brought severe suffering。Confucian bet365 mobile have once again become one of people’s spiritual homes，A small-scale "China fever" appears，Various sinology research institutions are developing rapidly，There are about 125 translations of the "Four Books and Five bet365 mobile"。In the 20 years at the beginning of the 20th century，The craze for Chinese poetry is rising in the United States。American Imagist poet、Pound, the pioneer of the modern literary revolution, translated the Book of Songs，Hot moment，He thinks the world is seriously ill，And Confucius is a doctor。Just as the early Confucian bet365 mobile became the source of the French Enlightenment，Confucianism is now in line with American pragmatism，Become a treasure trove of American thoughts。

20th century，The main translators of Confucian bet365 mobile in the West are Sinologists、Scholars and translators，Among them are American Europeans and Germans、Baines、Walter；William Su from the UK、Zhai Lisi、Willy；France’s Huo Dawson、Caudill、Dai Miwei、Glenyan；Moritz from Germany；Popov of the Soviet Union、Alexeyev、Shutsky and Bereromov；Swedish Copenhagen、Ma Yueran and Luo Duobi；Rudolf Dvořák and Voklicy of the Czech Republic；Slovak Sinologist Anna Dolezalova、Marina Charnogurska；Daiwenda from the Netherlands、Fike Lugten；Horace from Belgium；Louis and Oriel of Spain；Alberto Castellani of Italy、Carlo O and Paul Swaro；Denic from Poland；Keller Kylheland and Tov Krkeli from Finland；Jorn Klubjen of Denmark；Türkiye’s Nabi Ozertym；Maja Milinski from Slovenia；Ole Bjorn Rungen of Norway；Ragnar Baldisson of Iceland；Tokyo Ferenc of Hungary；Florentina Vesan from Romania。

At this historical stage, most of the British and American scholars who have made positive evaluations of Confucian bet365 mobile。American Sinologist Li Jiabai “holds the Bible in one hand，Holding the ‘Four Books’ in one hand”，Respectively in Beijing、"Shangxian Tang" was established in Shanghai。Nobel Prize winner Pearl S. Buck’s later work "China: Past and Present" expresses her appreciation for Confucius’ words。Fairbank mentioned in his book "The United States and China" that Confucius' benevolent government is a great political invention。The famous American sinologist Gu Liya is one of the few "Confucius experts"，Author of "Confucius and the Way of China" etc.，Fully affirm the influence of Confucius’ thoughts on international thought，This book has a very high citation rate among Chinese scholars。Sinologist and philosopher An Lezhe、Herbert Finglett, former president of the American Philosophical Society、Professor Wells, University of London、Historian Dr. Toynbee、Scientist Joseph Needham and others have emphasized the significance of Confucianism to the world。

To date，Confucian bet365 mobile have been translated and spread in the West for more than 400 years，Its international influence will last for a long time。

(Author’s unit: School of Foreign bet365 mobile, Fujian Normal University)