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Two propositions compiled by the history of Tong history and the history of the interrogation

May 22, 2020 02:30 Source: "China Social Sciences", May 22, 2020, No. 1931 Author: Chen Qitai

　　How should the compilation and innovation of the history of the Tong history and the history of the discipline? Discuss this topic，Need to have a wisdom that transcends "inertial thinking"。The reason is obvious，Tong History and Trigan History as the two major areas，long -term distinction and treatment，Even the inherent connection between the two。A fact，Since the history of the general history and the history is the two most valued history of the readers，So the essentials of its history are by no means irrelevant，but penetrate each other、complement each other。In other words，In the concept of history，On the perspective and requirements of observing historical facts，In the way to reproduce objective history，There must be a place that must be similar。Realize the transcendence of "inertial thinking"，We will associate the history of the history with the two history of the history of the history，Can inspire inspiration，Summarize the following two propositions with theoretical value，To promote the historical compilation of the new era。

　　Successful writing of Tong History

　　depends on the solid study of history

　　Tong history works must rely on many in -depth research on many disconnected generations，can we clearly explain the cause and effect evolution of history，Reappear the precious creation and active vitality in history。So，In -depth research on each of the inter -generation is the foundation of successful history。A masterpiece of history must be done，One must reach up and down，The big pattern that can grasp and tell the historical evolution of China's thousands of years、Grand Trend、Large joint。The second is that research must be deepened，To achieve the main event that reaches the important historical stages、System、Character and other details of the Bet365 app download characters，and vivid as much as possible。

　　We can cite the "Historical Records" of "Historical History: Two History" Volume 1) "Historical Records" as an example。Sima Qian's "Historical Records" has two major success。One，He explicitly proposed and realized the "Timetable of Heaven and Man，Change of ancient and modern，The extraordinary goal of becoming a family "。"Taishong Gong's Primage" stated that the whole book must be "primitive end，See the prosperity and decline "。and "Yin Benji" The following records of each article，All do outline 挈，Through the wonderful discussion at the end of each article，Reveal the reasons and profound historical lessons of the prosperity of the dynasty。such as "Zhou Benji"，It was praised by the Qing Dynasty scholar Ding Yan as: "Huanghuang Big Chapter，Syrian rank is organized。"(" Historical Records of the Realm · Zhou Benji ") and Benji cooperation，The preface of various tables such as "Twelve Princes of the Princes"，Betterly summarizes the prosperity of history。The eight books are evenly recorded in the history of various chapters in history。

　　Its two，"Change of Ancient and Modern" is built on the solid description of the history of various dynasties，This is an important mystery of the success of "Historical Records"; if not like this，Write "Tong History"，Then it will inevitably flow in the air，Dowedment，This work is not even more unique。Taking the history of Qin's history as an example with "Historical Records"，"Qin Benji" and "Qin Shihuang Benji" system records major events。"Qin Benji" detailed Qin You's small country that lives in the West，Due to the hard work of the monarchs that have been done in the past，and become a industry; "Qin Shihuang's Book of Book" records how Qin unified the six kingdoms，profoundly summarized the achievements of the separation of the separation of the Six Kingdoms in the Qin Dynasty，and historical lessons that have died because of failure to die later。Taking this as an outline，Sima Qian successfully wrote a number of characters for many bet365 Play online games characters，Including Sima Ji、Shang Jun、Bai Qi、Fan Ye、Cai Ze、Lu Buwei、Li Si、Meng Tian, etc.，Try to show the multi -angle of the Qin Dynasty、Multi -level history。Among them, the longest space for "Li Si Biography"，Rich in content，Sima Qian set up this biography purpose，This is to cooperate with "Qin Shihuang Benji"，Write the apex of why the Qin Dynasty is successful in the Qin Dynasty，Volume through Zhao Gao、Qin II、Li Si's hand quickly perish。Therefore, Ming Confucian Zhongzhong commented: "Tai Shi said that Qin uses Li Si，Twenty years of the world，And Yu Qin's critical point is "Li Si Chuan"。"(" Zhong Bojing Comment "Historical Records") If the above Sima Qian's informative record of the Qin Dynasty's history is properly integrated，can be a subject of Qin Shi outline。Sima Qian's memories of the History of the Western Han Dynasty are still deep，Mr. Bai Shouyi pointed out: "Historical Records of the History of Han have sixty -two articles，Remember the previous generation and the Han Dynasty.。"" "Historical Records" is the most exciting place，Is in the history of Han。"(" The Collection of Bai Shou Yi History Theory "，page 720) These excellent chapters，Very breadth and deeply recorded from Liu Bangluo、Rest -breeding、Restore production，To Wenjingzhi、History of Emperor Wudi，Drawing about Western Han politics、Economy、Military、Character Activity、Social situation full -scale and magnificent picture rolls，Become a precious historical memory of the Chinese nation。Because it has such a solid foundation because of the history of disconnection，"Historical Records" This masterpiece has become a model of traditional history。

　　Successful writings of the history of Dragon Trigger

　　The guidance of the "spirit of history" must be implemented

　　The writing of the history of the Director has its special requirements and advantages。"Han Book" is a masterpiece in the history of traditional history，Liu Zhi's many characteristics have been summarized: "For example," Han Shu "，The first Bet365 lotto review end of the west capital，The abolition of the poor Liu family，Package for a generation，Written into a book。Words are refined，It should be secret，So scholars look for，Easy to work。"(" Shitong · Six Family ") The writer of the author is within the scope of the first generation，Organized rich historical facts，Suddenly orderly，This is the first essential of successful history of the history of the disconnected history。

　　The second essential is，The successful history of success must be guided by the spirit of general history。The development of history is linked to ancient and modern times，Not limited to one generation and one generation，Must look at it，can we see the trend of historical evolution; and，A system of a dynasty、Academic、Customs, etc.，You must also understand its origin correctly from ancient and modern connections，Evaluation of its status。Ban Gu just use this as a guidance idea to write "Han Book"，This is the important reason why "Han Book" becomes a masterpiece。"Hanshu · Syrian" reveals its historical purpose, which clearly put forward the requirements of "ancient and modern"，This is particularly prominent in the ten ambitions of "Han Book"。The content recorded by the Criminal Law is not limited to the Western Han Dynasty，The origin of the Criminal Law at the beginning，In order to maintain social order，On the one hand, "Li Li"，Establishing Hiroshi Heritage，On the other hand, formulate "punishment"，To indicate majesty and punishment。Then describe the evolution of the Criminal Law for the generations，Zhou Dynasty "Building Three Classics，Five Sentences "，In the Spring and Autumn Period, there are Zhengzi producing criminals, etc.，Qin Dynasty "full -time punishment"，Cause "赭赭，囹圄市 "。The formulation of criminal law in various periods of the Western Han Dynasty in the main body and various discussions after the period，At the end of the article, I have been discussing the early Eastern Han Dynasty，Although the politics is much more，But the injustice of the prison has not bet365 Play online games been completely resolved，"It is not eliminated with its illness，and the injustice of punishment "。

　　It is because Ban Gu consciously implements the purpose of "ancient and modern"，Therefore, "Criminal Law" was written into a record informative system，Both profound ideas and clear critical chapters，and provide a prototype of a history of Chinese criminal law for future generations。"Hanshu" Ten Zhi "Tong and modern" characteristics also set a model for future historians。

　　Innovate innovation and pioneering academic new realm

　　For more than 70 years established by New China，Under the guidance of the historical view of materialism，Scholars consciously inherit the essence of traditional history，By absorbing the wisdom of the times，There are many excellent creations in the compilation of the history of the general history and the history。For example，Fan Wenlan on the basis of the history of the Yan'an version，Supplement and rewrite with more than ten years，Written into a revised "Brief Crossing Chinese General History" (four volumes in total，From far to five generations and ten kingdoms)。There were nearly 50,000 words of "Xu Yan" before the book，Discussing major issues of historical development in China，The theoretical guidance that runs through the book。In the future,，The author has made details on the periods of Chinese history、Discussion in -depth，provides a solid foundation for this history。If the scene of the Tang Dynasty is wide、content informative，Eight sections discussed politics、Economy、Relationship with all countries、Fan Town Section、Farmers uprising, etc.，Discuss Tubo Kingdom with more than 70,000 words、Hui Guo、History of Nanzhao State。The author is from Buddhism again、Zen、Confucianism、Taoism、Eight aspects of Tang Wenyuan in Baihua Shengshu described the culture of the Tang Dynasty，Among them, only two sections of Tang Wenyuan and "Changan Changan in the Tang Dynasty -Cultural Exchanges from various countries"，I wrote about 35,000 words and bet365 Play online games 30,000 words respectively，Can be called rich content，Explanation alone，Beautiful! It is precisely because of the rich history of all periods、Filer description，Only guaranteed Fan Guang's reader's welcome，Cumulative printing of millions of volumes。

　　Discussion on the two propositions can also be extended to the field of special history。There are actually two types of historical works in the field of history and history.，Two propositions should be the same here。Below is a guidance of the spirit of the interrogation -style specialty.，Talk about personal experience，Ask you。I wrote a problem when I wrote the book "The Spring and Autumn Rabers of the Qing Dynasty": The main content of this book is to discuss the evolution of the theory of the Yang Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty，But if you mechanically understand the "break" of the inter -generation "，It is limited to discussing the Qing Dynasty，Then the source and essence of the raise school in the Qing Dynasty cannot be mentioned。"Micro saying righteousness" in the Spring and Autumn Classic、Promote "change", "restructuring" and "disorder anyway"，and "Unification of the Great", "Zhang San", "Tongsan Unification" and other basic propositions，Both were formed during the Warring States Period and the Han Dynasty，and prevailed in the Western Han Dynasty，If you don’t tell these problems in the book，So let readers understand that ram school can "revive" in the late Qing Dynasty，and the scene of the social situation and performed a scene of active drama，Lost it with。For this，I am sure that this book must be "penetrated up and down"，So I deliberately arranged the first chapter "A unique philosophical heritage"，Divided into three sections，Discuss the essence of "The Biography of the Rabbit" and Dong Zhongshu、Hetie's contribution。The subject part below discusses the prelude to the "Revival" in the late Qianlong period of the Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty，To Liu Fenglu Zhang Daqi，Gong Zizhen、Wei Yuan transform it、Development，By the period of the 1898 period, bet365 best casino games Kang Youwei forged into the theoretical program of the renovation movement，The theory of rams will be popular at home again。This，Avoid historical connection before and after cutting from stereotypes。Readers can feel logical about this，Orderly expand。Finally, set up a chapter of "Impathetic and Late fresh learning"，Talking about ram learning as "intermediary"，Promoting the spread of new ideas of the new ideas of the 20-21 century。Of course, the whole book belongs to the history of the ram's scholarship，In fact, it contains the meaning of the history of the adaptive learning。As for whether there is any way to do this，If you want to comment on experts and readers。

　　(Author Unit: College of History of Beijing Normal University)

Editor in charge: Changchang