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Knowledge and Life: Exploration of Modern Chinese Philosophy

July 03, 2020 00:06 Source: "China Social Sciences", July 3, 2020, No. 1959, author: Chen Peng

　　Methods of traditional Chinese philosophy，It has always been a question for the constant reflection of the study of philosophy in modern Chinese，This problem has an important connection with the establishment of modern Chinese philosophy and future development。The 1930s and 1940s，Some kind of confrontation between Feng Youlan and Xiong Shili in philosophy and the method of exploring their methods，It provides us with rich ideological inspiration for us to think about Chinese philosophy and future development issues。

　　Feng Youlan:Philosophy is a kind of knowledge

　　Feng Youlan's philosophical view reflects the earliest about philosophy in the history of modern Chinese philosophy、System method Consciousness。He proposed in "History of Chinese Philosophy · Self -Preface" in his early years: "Regardless of scientific philosophy，All the principles of writing or saying，All must show it with a strict reasonable attitude，Purpose of various doctrines，Nothing in narrative experience，The principle of establishment，Therefore the method，must be logic、Scientific。"This is the earliest clear expression that advocates philosophy in modern Chinese philosophy in Chinese philosophy，Open the method of modern Chinese philosophy about philosophy as knowledge. Consciousness。Of course there are modern western sciences here、The ideological background of knowledge science。Simply speaking，Knowledge must be through the process of rational thinking，Through logical method，Concept proposition system expressed by concept proposition。Feng Youlan explicitly pointed out，Intuition、Enlightenment、Experience, etc. may be Bet365 app download very valuable，It may also contribute to knowledge，But it is not knowledge。This is a clear distinction between intellectual form and non -intellectual form，Feng Youlan emphasized that this is not the distinction of value，Instead of distinguishing in the form of expression。Later，Feng Youlan divides knowledge into four types，The first is logic、Cou -school，The second is metaphysics (philosophy)，The third is natural science，The fourth type is historical knowledge。

　　Jin Yuelin and Feng Youlan have a similar position，He believes that truth is the summary of the concept or true proposition，a certain number of concepts、The structure of the proposition combines the structure is the truth system。Simply speaking，Truth is true proposition。Language、Concept、Logic, etc. is an indispensable link in the cognitive process and knowledge presentation。

　　Feng Youlan has a distinction between philosophical knowledge and scientific knowledge，is that philosophy is "formal interpretation"，Science is "positive interpretation"。That is to say，Philosophy is not a substantial interpretation of the object of specific things、Judgment，It is just a logical analysis and formalized explanation for the existence of things (the most common category)，Almost completely deductive、Repeat the same words，So "One Air"。From Feng Youlan's view，Philosophy must be analytical or non -building，Philosophy cannot affirm practical things，Otherwise, it will become a kind of "bad bottom science"。Feng Youlan is influenced by the Vienna School，He must avoid the arbitrary independence in any sense，Philosophy cannot be manifested in pseudo -science，So emphasize the formability of philosophy、Non -constructive。Feng Youlan thinks，These formalization、The concept of etherealization、bet365 best casino games Proposition，Although it cannot increase our knowledge about practical things，but can improve our spiritual realm。Feng Youlan pointed out，One of the disadvantages of traditional Chinese philosophy is logical、Research、Formality is not strong，Chinese philosophy must be strengthened in this regard。

　　Xiong Shili: Non -knowledge in the body

　　Xiong Shili emphasizes that philosophy is not an intellectual，The beginning of "New Epidemic" is bluntly: "Create this theory today，To realize the mysterious scholars，Let the ontology of all things，Nothing is the exterior realm of ingenuity，and non -knowledgeable realm，Only the corresponding reason for empirical evidence。"also said:" Philosophy researchers are truth，and truth must be practiced and start to show。Words，I must have inner cultivation，That is the truth of truth，That is the truth of truth。"From the perspective of Xiong Shili，Science is the knowledge of knowledge，The target is the principle of specific things，Show as concept、Logic、rational; but philosophy is the life of life、Learning of the ontology，Grasp this life、ontology，Can't rely on objectization、Externalized reason and knowledge，Instead of your own cultivation and inner physical evidence。

　　Xiong Shili thinks，Philosophy is the learning of the ontology，Its method is sex wisdom，This kind of sexual wisdom is a certificate of the ontology，Not about the knowledge of the body; science is knowledge about external things，The method is reason。Xiong Shili repeatedly emphasized，The body is not an external realm，Not the object of rational，but the spirit of the universe，It is also the inner life。Poor of Philosophy，The fundamental principle of everything，This fundamental principle is not two，If you want to study this, the actual practice，It is impossible to have bet365 Play online games inner cultivation from the inner heart。So，In Xiong Shili，Truth、The body is a kind of life、The form of spiritual，Grasp this truth、ontology，Can't rely on knowledge，None of its own practice、Inner cultivation、The body of the subject is not allowed。

　　Compare two views of truth

　　Feng Youlan and Xiong Shili provide us with two types of ontology view、The view of truth and philosophy。A kind of truth is proposition、Conceptual，It is manifested as thinking words，The reason why it is the truth，It is consistent with the proposition and facts。and another kind of truth point to the real life、Of course the spirit，In this sense，Truth is self -evidence of the ontology、Conscious self -explanation，Truth is life itself，instead of the consistency between the proposition and the facts。The acquisition of this kind of truth is certainly not a cognitive process，but a presentation、The process that embodies real life，So it is also a practical performance、The process of cultivation。Confinement between Feng Xiong is a "assumption" controversy，The basis can be found within their respective methodology systems。

　　An important focus of Feng Youlan is knowledge，The relatively strict knowledge of modern academic sense，This requirement of knowledge and knowledge expression is the strength of Western philosophy，Chinese traditional philosophy has not fully expanded in this regard，There is no inherent needs，Feng Youlan's intention is to make up for the shortcomings of Chinese traditional philosophy in this regard。At the same time，In order，It is also exclusive to eliminate any pseudo -scientific sense，His emphasizes the knowledge of philosophy is not substantial，Formality、logic，Therefore, his new rational system must also work hard to provide the so -called "empty" thinking Bet365 app download words。Xiong Shili's attention points and ideas are almost the opposite of Feng Youlan。What he is concerned about is the human life activity itself，It is not an external thing in the general sense，Not contacting things、The principle of change (the body)，What he is concerned about is the ontology of life、Spiritual ontology (Heart Body)，This body is not an object of knowledge，Not a concept can be drawn，A sensible luck cannot reach such a body、Truth。Here，Xiong Shili is not going to give play to the strengths of the West to make up for China's deficiencies，Instead, we must use the traditional Chinese advantages to criticize the limitation of the West。

　　It can be said，Feng Youlan and Xiong Shili have their own advantages and disadvantages，Feng Youlan based on modern academic consciousness，Emphasize the knowledge of philosophy for learning、logic，Efforts to introduce the knowledge of philosophy into the development of Chinese philosophy。The meaning of Feng Youlan philosophy in this regard still needs to be excavated，Just Feng Youlan failed to fully digest the practical orientation of traditional philosophy and meaning of life，So that his new science is too logic、formalization，He has also suffered various criticisms for this。Xiong Shili focuses on excavating Chinese tradition，Demonstrate the practice of traditional Chinese philosophy、Sportalized life characteristics，But he ignored the knowledge requirements of philosophy to a certain extent，It also ignored the importance of "thinking" to the manifestation of life，Although his new consciousness is "speculative"。

　　Mu Zongsan basically inherited the idea of Xiong Shili，His thinking on philosophical methods should be more deeper。Mu Zong San was influenced by Russell and the influence of Hydegel，Putting the saying of "content truth" bet365 best casino games and "extension truth"。Contents The generality of content has content，Points to the inner life of people; extension truth has the universality of extension，Is an objective knowledge，The tradition of logical empirical theory，But it is not the true mission of philosophy。Mu Zongsan mentioned in "19 Lectures of Chinese Philosophy"，Hedig wants to talk about "the idea of the root"，The idea of this root must take back one step back from the thought of appearance，Return to the subject，can I return to the root place。This one back back，It is to grasp the traditional Confucian "Mingming virtue"，This "Ming" does not belong to the extension of the truth, but the scope of the content of the content of the content。It can be said，Mu Zongsan affirmed the knowledge of philosophy in its unique truth、logic，and have specific methods to discuss。For example，Mu Zongsan said that philosophy is "teaching" in a sense，He said clearly in "Yuanshan Theory · Preface"，"Anyone who is enough to inspire people and guides people to teach by practice through the life of pure people。Philosophy, if it is not just pure technology and is different from science，If philosophy is also teaching "。This statement can also be regarded as criticism of Feng Youlan。Philosophy If it is the ultimate thinking about Chengde Chengsheng，So you can't just be a logic、Form of ethereal analysis。Mu Zongsan also proposed，If the philosophical language is different from the scientific language，Not a literary language，So what kind of language should be? He believes that the "inspirational language" proposed by Tang Junyi is a meaningful expression of methodology。

　　Chinese traditional philosophy is generally practical pattern rather than intellectual。In this system，The value of the intellectual form or the knowledge itself is not bet365 live casino games highlighted，This is a problem with traditional philosophy。In this respect，Feng Youlan has important contributions。Grasp the practical characteristics of traditional Chinese philosophy，Thinking based on this methodology responds to changes in Western philosophy and the world of modern life，Xiong Shili、Mu Zongsan's exploration has far -reaching revelation。Today，We should digest their ideological results，Work hard for the further development of Chinese philosophy。

　　(The author is the dean of the School of Political Science and Law, the Capital Normal University、Professor of the Department of Philosophy)

Editor in charge: Changchang