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Knowledge and Life: An Exploration of Methods in Modern Chinese bet365 mobile

July 03, 2020 00:06 Source: "bet365 mobile Social Sciences Journal" Issue 1959, July 3, 2020 Author: Chen Peng

　　Methodological characteristics of traditional Chinese bet365 mobile，It has always been a question that has been constantly reflected on in the study of modern Chinese bet365 mobile，This issue is closely related to the establishment and future development of modern Chinese bet365 mobile。1930s and 1940s，Some kind of confrontation between Feng Youlan and Xiong Shili on the establishment of bet365 mobile and discussion of methods，Provides rich ideological inspiration for us to think about the methodological characteristics and future development issues of Chinese bet365 mobile today。

　　bet365 mobile:bet365 mobile is a kind of knowledge

　　Feng Youlan’s bet365 mobile reflects the earliest ideas about bet365 mobile as a form of knowledge in the history of modern Chinese bet365 mobile、Systematic method consciousness。In his early years, he proposed in "History of Chinese bet365 mobile: Preface": "Regardless of scientific bet365 mobile，All are written or spoken truths，All must be expressed with a strict rational attitude，The purpose of various doctrines，Not describing experience，The truth is established，Therefore the method，Must be logical、Scientific。"This is the earliest clear statement in the process of exploring modern Chinese bet365 mobile that bet365 mobile is a form of knowledge，Opened up the method consciousness of bet365 mobile as knowledge in modern Chinese bet365 mobile。Of course there is modern Western science in this、Ideological background of knowledge。Simply put，Knowledge must go through a process of rational thinking，By logical method，Conceptual proposition system expressed using conceptual propositions。Feng Youlan pointed out clearly，Intuition、Epiphany、Experience etc. may be valuable，May also contribute greatly to knowledge，But it is not knowledge in itself。This is a clear distinction between knowledge forms and non-knowledge forms，Feng Youlan emphasized that this is not a distinction of value，It is a difference in expression。Later，Feng Youlan divides knowledge into four types，The first is logic、Arithmetic，The second type is metaphysics (bet365 mobile)，The third type is natural science，The fourth type is historical knowledge。

　　Jin Yuelin and Feng Youlan have similar positions，He believes that truth is the total structure of concepts or true propositions，A certain number of concepts、The total structure formed by the combination of propositional structures is the truth system。Simply put，Truth is a true proposition。Language、Concept、Logic is an indispensable link in the cognitive process and bet365 mobile presentation。

　　Feng Youlan makes a distinction between philosophical knowledge and scientific knowledge，That is, bet365 mobile is the "interpretation of form"，Science is a "positive interpretation"。In other words，bet365 mobile is not a substantive interpretation of specific objects、Judgment，It is only a logical analysis and formal explanation of the existence of things (the most common category)，Almost entirely deductive、Repeated words，So it is "empty"。In Feng Youlan’s view，bet365 mobile must be analytical or non-constructive，bet365 mobile cannot be certain about actual things，Otherwise it becomes a "bad science"。Feng Youlan was greatly influenced by the Vienna School，He agrees that bet365 mobile must avoid dogmatism in any sense，bet365 mobile cannot be expressed in a pseudo-scientific way，So we emphasize the formality of bet365 mobile、Non-constructive。Feng Youlan thinks，These formalizations、The concept of ethereal、Proposition，Although it does not increase our knowledge about actual things，But it can improve our spiritual realm。Feng Youlan pointed out，One of the shortcomings of traditional Chinese bet365 mobile is logic、Argumentative、Not very formal，If Chinese bet365 mobile wants to develop, it must strengthen this aspect。

　　Xiong Shili: The body is not the realm of bet365 mobile

　　Xiong Shili emphasized that bet365 mobile is not a form of knowledge，The beginning of "New Theory of Consciousness Only" states bluntly: "This theory is created now，For those who want to understand metaphysics，Lingzhi knows the essence of all things，Right and right are separated from the external realm of one’s own mind，And the realm of non-knowledge，Only because we seek empirical correspondence。"Also said: "Philosophical researchers are the truth，The truth must be revealed through practice。Qiyan，We must have inner cultivation，Until enlightenment becomes clear，That is the truth revealed。”In Xiong Shili’s view，Science is the study of knowledge，The goal is the principle of specific things，Presented as concept、Logic、Sane；But bet365 mobile is life、The knowledge of ontology，Grasp this life、Ontology，Cannot rely on objectification、Externalized reason and knowledge，It’s about one’s own cultivation and inner experience。

　　Xiong Shili thinks，bet365 mobile is the knowledge of ontology，The method is sex wisdom，This kind of wisdom is the realization of the essence，Instead of knowledge about ontology；Science is the knowledge about external things，The method is rational。Xiong Shili repeatedly emphasized，The essence is not an external realm，Not a rational object，But the spirit of the universe，It is also the inner life。Those who pursue bet365 mobile，It is the fundamental principle of all things，This fundamental principle has nothing to do with our inner spirit，If you want to explore the reality of this principle，You must have inner self-cultivation skills。So，Here at Xiong Shili，Truth、The ontology is a kind of life、Spiritual form，Grasp this truth、Ontology，Cannot rely on knowledge，Without own practice、Inner self-cultivation、The subject’s certificate cannot be returned。

　　Comparing two views of bet365 mobile

　　Feng Youlan and Xiong Shili provided us with two types of ontology、View of truth and bet365 mobile。A kind of truth is propositional、Conceptual，Exhibited as thinking and speaking，The reason why it is the truth，It lies in the consistency between proposition and fact。And another kind of truth points to real life、The original spirit，In this sense，Truth is the self-evidence and self-evidence of ontology、Conscious self-revelation，Truth is life itself，Rather than the correspondence between propositions and facts。The acquisition of this kind of truth is certainly not a cognitive process，But a presentation、The process of embodying real life，So it is also a practice、The process of cultivation。The debate between Feng Xiong on whether conscience is a "presumption"，The basis can be found within their respective methodological systems。

　　An important focus of Feng Youlan is knowledge，It is relatively strict knowledge in the modern academic sense，This requirement of intellectuality and knowledge expression is the strength of Western bet365 mobile，Traditional Chinese bet365 mobile has not been fully developed in this regard，Not even an intrinsic need，Feng Youlan’s intention is to make up for the shortcomings of traditional Chinese bet365 mobile in this regard。At the same time，To avoid the substantive knowledge of empirical science，Also to eliminate any dogmatism in the pseudo-scientific sense，He emphasized that the intellectual nature of bet365 mobile is non-substantive，Formality、Logic，Therefore, his new Neo-Confucianism system must also strive to provide the so-called "empty" ideological expression。Xiong Shili’s focus and ideas are almost opposite to Feng Youlan。What he focuses on is human life activity itself，Not an external thing in the general sense，It is not a connection with external things、The principle of change (the ontology of the principle)，He focuses on the essence of life、Spiritual body (mind body)，This ontology is not an object of knowledge，It’s not something that can be drawn with concepts，Rational thinking cannot reach such an entity、Truth。Here，Xiong Shili does not want to use the strengths of the West to make up for China’s shortcomings，But use the advantages of Chinese tradition to criticize the limitations of the West。

　　It can be said，Feng Youlan and Xiong Shili have their own advantages and disadvantages，Feng Youlan is based on modern academic consciousness，Emphasis on the intellectual nature of bet365 mobile as learning、Logic，Strive to introduce the intellectual aspect of bet365 mobile into the development of Chinese bet365 mobile。The significance of Feng Youlan’s bet365 mobile in this regard still needs to be discovered，It’s just that Feng Youlan failed to fully digest the practical orientation and life meaning of traditional bet365 mobile，So much so that his New Neo-Confucianism was overly logical、Formalization，He also suffered various criticisms。Xiong Shili focuses on exploring Chinese traditions，Highlighting the practical application of traditional Chinese bet365 mobile、Embodied life characteristics，But he ignored the intellectual requirements of philosophical thinking to a certain extent，Also ignores the importance of "thinking and speaking" to the manifestation of life，Although his new theory of consciousness is quite "speculative"。

　　Mou Zongsan basically inherited Xiong Shili’s ideas，His thinking on philosophical methods should be said to be more in-depth。Mou Zongsan was inspired by Russell and influenced by Heidegger，Propose the statement of “content truth” and “extensional truth”。Content truth has the universality of content，Pointing to human inner life；Extensional truth has extensional universality，It is object knowledge，What is achieved is the tradition of logical positivism，But it is not the real mission of bet365 mobile。Mou Zongsan mentioned in "Nineteen Lectures on Chinese bet365 mobile"，Heidegger wants to talk about "the thought of origin"，This root thought must take a step back from the superficial thought，Return to the main body，In order to return to the root place。This one goes back，It is to grasp the meaning of traditional Confucianism’s “Ming Ming De”，This "brightness" does not belong to extensional truth but opens up the scope of content truth。It can be said，Mou Zongsan affirms the intellectual nature of bet365 mobile based on its unique truth、Logic，And there are specific methods to discuss。For example，Mou Zongsan said that bet365 mobile is "teaching" in a sense，He made it very clear in "The Preface to the Theory of Perfection"，“Anything that can inspire people’s reason and guide people through practice to purify people’s lives to the extreme is a teaching。If bet365 mobile is not just a pure technique and is different from science，Then bet365 mobile is also teaching”。This statement can also be regarded as a criticism of Feng Youlan。If bet365 mobile is the ultimate thinking about becoming virtuous and holy，Then it can’t just be logical、Ethereal analysis of form。Mou Zongsan also proposed，If the language of bet365 mobile is different from the language of science，Not a literary language，So what kind of language form should it be？He believes that the "inspirational language" proposed by Tang Junyi is a meaningful expression of methodology。

　　Traditional Chinese bet365 mobile is generally a practical form rather than a knowledge form。In this system，The value of neither the form of knowledge nor the knowledge itself is highlighted，This is a problem with traditional bet365 mobile。In this regard，Feng Youlan made important contributions。Grasp the practical characteristics of traditional Chinese bet365 mobile，Thinking based on this methodology responds to Western bet365 mobile and changes in the modern life world，Xiong Shili、Mou Zongsan’s exploration has far-reaching revelations。Today，We should digest the results of their thoughts，Work hard for the further development of Chinese bet365 mobile。

　　(The author is the Dean of the School of Political Science and Law, Capital Normal University、Professor of the Department of bet365 mobile)

Editor: Chang Chang

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