The Site of the Yuan Dynasty is located at about 20 kilometers east of the Zhenglan Banner in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region，Located in the south of the Mongolian Plateau，Average altitude above 1200 meters，Not very convenient for traffic，It is often less than 4 months when working here every year。Therefore，Archaeologically on such a grassland empire city that has had important influences in world history，Must have sufficient preparation and thorough arrangement。Looking back at the archeological work of Yuanshangdu，It can be roughly divided into three stages。

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During the data preparation stage，We mainly conducted surveys of the Sundu Du Du Site、Surveys and surveys of sacrifice sites and tombs around the urban area、Clean up work。Where，In 1992, the excavation and confirmation of the sacrifice site of the Yuan Dynasty Temple of the Yatsui Temple，Show the importance of archeological research in the metropolitan capital。The Sacred Site of the Fun Temple，The Kuishu Gully area northwest of the Yuan Dynasty site，There are more building bases with stone statues with stone statues here。In the west side of the west side of the highway of Zhang (Job), 4 larger people，At the foot of the hills arranged in the northeast -southwest，The statue of Han white jade stone that is slightly larger than the real person，Also found stone statues and multiple small base sites with sandstone quality in the surrounding areas，The locals call this place "Shiren Bay"。Archaeological excavation and research indicates，The sacrifice site and stone sculpture human portrait，Reflects the thoughts of Mongolia upper -level nobles in the Yuan Dynasty's worship of the gods and ancestors。

"Yuan Shi" contains: Bet365 app download the second year of Zhongtong (1261) April 8，Kublai Khan "Said the sky in the northwestern suburbs of the old state。Outside the royal family，Nothing to pre -ceremony "。Sheep's Temple is within the range of about 35 kilometers northwest of the city of Yuan Dynasty and Jin Dynasty，It can be seen that Kublai Khan led this sacrifice event made by the royal family，It may be performed in the sheep flock temple area。The royal family of the Yuan Dynasty also held ancestral ceremony every year，"The year old with July 7th or 9th，Tianzi and Queen Su Fang Watching Northern Cemetery，Junma wine，The deacons are all the children of the world "。The poet of the Yuan Dynasty, Sadu, once wrote: "Sacrifice the heavenly horse wine Sprinkle，Sandy Fenglai Cao Yixiang。White Horse Ruyun to northwest，Purple Camel Silver Gives Given the King。""，The Royal Sacrifice of the Yuan Dynasty、The ancestors are all in the northwest direction of the metropolitan capital。This direction is also exactly the direction of Kente Mountain from Mongolia Sanhe River, which is looking northwest in the northwest of Mongolia.，This is the place where the tomb of Genghis Khan, which is generally considered by the historical world。So say，Located in the sheep flock temple located in the northwest of Jinzhou, Jin Dynasty，It should be the Royal Gui Qi Jiu Tian in the Yuan Dynasty、Land of ancestors。Kui Shugou "Shiren Bay"，It should be a sacrifice place established by the upper nobles of the Yuan Dynasty in the middle of the 13th to the 14th century to sacrifice their ancestors。

　Discover the cleaning stage (1995-2000)

During the excavation and cleaning stage，We first of the main building address of the main building of Yuandu Gongcheng、Emperor City Cape、outer city gate、Some sites in Nanguan and the tomb around the urban area were excavated and cleaned up，Get a large number of the latest archaeological information。Based on this，Aviation remote sensing survey in the urban area bet365 live casino games of ​​the Yuandu Du and its surrounding areas and its surrounding areas。

In the Yuan Dynasty, it was Xiadu established by the Yuan Dynasty，There is a Yuan Dynasty，In politics、Economy、Military and cultural both have a very important position。In 1251, Mongo Ge Khan was in the throne in Mobe，Kublai Kubilie, "Moan Han Dynasty Military Nationality"，The famous "Golden Lotus Sichuan Shogunate" was established。1256 Kublai Khan Liu Bingzhong in East of Huanzhou、滦 Hebei Jiankai House，In April 1260, Kublai Khan succeeded here，1263 "Shengkai Pingfu as the capital"，The metropolitan city of the Yuan Dynasty was officially became the city of the Yuan Dynasty。Most of the 1267 built。So far，Most of the capital，All are Xia Du，The two capital system is formally established。From the beginning of Binglie，The Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty implemented the two capitals to patrol the lucky system，Each year from April to September，The emperors of the Yuan Dynasty all shocked and dealt with government affairs in the Yuan Dynasty。

The city wall of the metropolitan capital is divided into internal and external triple，The central government is Miyagi; the periphery of Miyagi is the imperial city; the imperial city west、North on both sides is an outer city。The main palace pavilions of the metropolis of the yuan are basically in the palace。Gongcheng in the north of Gongcheng、The square base in the middle and the royal gate in the middle of the south wall is a north -south axis，The palace pavilions are in shape，Self -forming system is distributed at both ends，There is no symmetrical configuration for left and right。There are 43 places in the large and small tables in the current surface of Gongcheng today。Seeing the historical book Ru Da'an Pavilion、Mu Qing Hall (Pavilion)、Crystal Hall, etc.。Daan Pavilion is the main palace of Shangdu，The emperor of the Yuan Dynasty ascended bet365 Play online games the throne here、Lin Chao、Discussion、Cultivation of Buddhism、party with the kings and ministers、Seeing foreign messenger。A major ceremony is often held here，Yuan Chengzong、Wu Zong、Emperor Tianshun、Wenzong、The five emperors of the Emperor Shun were held here。Daan Pavilion is a middle of Miyagi，Three -storey building -style buildings with the majestic and magnificent momentum of the sky。According to "Yuan History"，Azha does not spend in the early days，Walking barefoot due to the large dew，Kublai Khan see from Da'an Pavilion，Mingmen Guard is not allowed to put it into the DPRK，Azha does not have to get into the water channel from the wall。​​This shows that it can stand high in Da'an Pavilion，It also shows that there are walls and drainage channels around Da'an Pavilion。

In the middle of the Miyagi of the Yuan Dynasty, the middle and Donghua Gate、The opposite place of Xihuamen and Yutianmen Third Street，Archaeological excavation of a square building base address。Base address is divided into two layers of relics。Its upper layer is accumulated as the Lama Temple of the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Small scale，The building materials used are all building components and stone products outside the Yuan Dynasty and its city。The lower floor is a large square building base address，The front and outer sides of the Hangbai Jade Corporal Pillar unearthed from the front of the front site，Vertical relief has a symmetrical five -claw dragon，and peony、Chrysanthemum and lotus、Lotus root, etc.。​​Carved dragon pattern expression is elegant，Imaging image，Cooked techniques seem to show the typical Central Plains cultural tradition。Han Baiyu Dragon Corner Pillar and Arabic Stone Carvings unearthed from the former site of Da'an Pavilion，We seem to feel the glory of Gongge at the time of the Yuan Dynasty、The bustling scene of the eaves towering，and the prosperity of bet365 best casino games cultural exchanges between China and the West。

，In the Cemetery of Vagina Mountain in the southeast of the city of Yuan Shangdu、The lying cattle and a tree cemetery in the north of the city，Discovered the tomb of the Hans of the Yuan Dynasty and the tombs of the Mongolian，It shows that the Han and the Mongolians at the time were separated from burial。In a cemetery with 7 family members,，I found three individuals of Europa people，Reflects the situation of Chinese and Western cultural exchanges at that time; in a tomb with a tomb,，I also found that there are murals painted in the tomb。

　Protection and finishing stage (2001-2008)

During the protection and finishing stage，For the work deployment of the World Cultural Heritage in the United Yuan,，At the State Cultural Relics Bureau、With the efforts of the Cultural Department of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and the Government of the League Banner，The scope of key protection scope of the Yuandu Du Site and the Golden Lotus Sichuan Grassland delineated。，Protective cleaning and repairing more than 350 meters of the East Wall of the Imperial City，Partially cleaned up and repaired the south gate of the imperial city，Investigating the main buildings in the city，Especially basically determined the location of the well -known lumbed ears large palace account。At the same time，Investigation of archeological surveys、surveying and mapping、On the basis of scientific and detailed and systematic collation of the information obtained by cleaning up and protection and repair，Completed、The following two volumes of "Yuan Shangdu" archeological report。The imperial city of the yuan is square，More than 1400 meters per side，Boiled stones for the city wall，Build a tall and strong corner building、Horse Noodle and Laocheng Gate，It is the key area of ​​the defense of the whole city。

In "Marco Polo Tour"、In the Yuan Dynasty Historical Materials and the Yuanren's Poetry，It is often mentioned that the loss of ears Bet365 app download or brown fur halls for the martial arts feast。The poet Zhou Boqi, the poet of the Yuan Dynasty, has a poem: "Emperor Yuji enters Westau，Horse wine new ashamed white jade pulp "，"Leave West Nei，Zichen Sacrifice Hall Yang。"The so -called" West Ne "，It is relative to Miyagi "Big Inner"，It should be west in "Big Inn"。The location of the Siye is in the area north of Ximenwai Street, Huangcheng。Archaeological survey confirmed，The terrain of the north of this area is flat，Don’t see the palace and house building relics exist，It is very suitable as the place where the tent is located。During the investigation, I found，220 meters southwest of the northwest corner of the imperial city，There is a slightly raised high ground，It is surrounded by a low -lying ring around。The highlands in the ring tip are relatively flat，Diameter is about 140 meters，The four corners of the highland have a tall mound，This base address is most likely to be the location of the brown hair temple。The princes and nobles of the Mongolian Mongolia in the Yuan Dynasty must hold a scammer feast，Important government affairs include elected Mongolian sweat，Decisions on the scam feast of losing ears or "Brown King Temple"。

Construction of Kaiping City and the establishment of Kaiping Khan Ting，It is an event in the history of the Yuan Dynasty。Kublai Khan is in the throne，It marks the development of the history of the Mongolian Khanate and the development of grassland culture into a new historical stage。Starting from Kublai Khan，The rule of the Mongolian Khanate transferred from Mobei Grassland to Monan Han Dynasty。The land of the Yuan Dynasty is the land of the Yuan Dynasty，It plays an important role in the process of developing from the Mongolian Khanate to the Great Yuan Empire，It occupies a special status in the two capitals of the Yuan Dynasty。Therefore，The first real imperial city was established after the Mongolian controlled bet365 live casino games the regime，It is the North Control Desert that is tied with the capital、South Ping Yan Ji、Important hubs connecting Eurasian countries，Create another important historical stage of bet365 best casino games cultural exchanges between China and the West。"Yuanshangdu: Archaeological Excavation and Research Report" and the success of Yuanshang Du application，It brings new opportunities for the in -depth research and excavation protection of the Yuan Dynasty。Discovery、Protection and study this "civilized ruins" that was once the world's metropolis，Read the withered fragments into textbooks for human civilization，It is the sacred responsibility of modern people。

(The author is a professor at the School of History of Renmin University of China)