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About the origin of civilization，Contemporary scholars proposed many modes on the basis of Marxism，It can be summarized as a business road、Production、War、Water conservancy、ritual, etc.。For example, Shanglu -type civilization，That is, a civilization from ZTE in the trade process，Typical like ancient Greek civilization、Mali and Sanghai in West Africa。Ancient Greek civilization rose in the Aegean Sea area，Frequent marine trade。For members of society，How important is not the trade itself，But who can control what is obtained from the distance is important。As for production -oriented civilization，Food production as the key resource，As the Peruvian Coast。Here is because it is near Peru's cold flow，Rich fish resources，Coupled with several small valleys from the Andes to the Pacific Ocean, it is suitable for irrigation agriculture，So form a very good production foundation，Living more Bet365 app download population in a limited area。For this area，Control your own site is important。And water conservancy civilization emphasizes the promotion of flood prevention and water conservancy irrigation projects on the construction of national organizations，In this kind of civilization，The construction process of major projects itself is constantly strengthening social organizations，Including its complexity、Efficiency and organizational structure。These are the basic conditions of the country's operation。This type of civilization is like Mesopotama civilization、Indian River civilization and Egyptian civilization。Another type can be called combat civilization，The most typical is the grassland nation。The economic system there is not perfect and stable，attacking each other is a habit，Forms in the society formed the custom of looting glory。In a sense,，It is the war that the war has created a class，Because of fighting，Some people can stand out，A strict and efficient social organization mobilization system formed therefore。The last category is ritual civilization，This kind of civilization emphasizes rituals，In the event of a large amount of resources in society bet365 Play online games in the ceremony。Mayan civilization may be considered a typical。

No doubt，No civilization only depends on a way to form a complex social organization，Similarly，Not all civilizations use exactly the same way。The natural and social and historical conditions of each civilization is different，The way people adopted in the face of the same or similar situation are therefore rich and diverse。The former civilization origin research focuses on the unified mechanism of studying the origin of civilization，Later, everyone found out，This is futile。In other words，We can only form a consensus at the macro level，It is impossible to find consensus on the formation of civilization，Civilization can last for a long time because of diversified integration。

From the perspective of multiple perspectives, the origin of Chinese civilization，I will find that the so -called Chinese civilization is actually based on the basis of diversified integration，There is no separate Chinese mode during the origin of civilization。If you must say something，That is diversified fusion。Speaking from the process of time，The origin of Chinese civilization can be seen at least three waves of waves，The first wave occurred in the middle and lower reaches of the bet365 best casino games Yangtze River，Yi Liangzhu、Shijiahe civilization is represented，Age can be early to 5800 years; the second wave occurs in northern China，Yi Hongshan、Shi Ji、Tao Temple civilization is represented，Age can be 5000 years early; the third wave occurs in Central Plains，Represents Civilization of Erli，Around 3800 years。

From the perspective of the formation of civilization，Liangzhu is more like a society that is centered on production，Hydropower resources are widely used here，Including marine fish，Also intensive rice agriculture，Its production foundation is better than other civilizations。Of course，The main is floods here，To ensure the safety of the ancient city of Liangzhu，People build large water conservancy facilities。Compared with it，Shijiahe civilizations are mostly cities，With Shijiahe as the center，The ancient city of the large and small ancient city is dotted。The size of the jade in Shijiahe is very small，There is no special place in production，The most prominent feature is the facility of the city。This seems to be a society that emphasizes defense facilities，War is a more likely topic。

If you find a ritual -centered society，Hongshan is more suitable。If you find a ritual -centered society、City，But the altar Bet365 app download for sacrifice、I found a lot of foundation，Jade is also quite developed，There are also rare idol worship in other places，It reflects the features similar to the culture around Eurasian grasslands。West Liaoning is located in the ecological staggered band，Unstable living environment，Limited agricultural development level。Hongshan Civilization invests a lot of resources into etiquette activities，Organize the loose living group through these activities，Form a complex social organization。

Does China have commercialized civilizations? Shi Yan is the most similar to it。It is located on the edge of agricultural production，It is impossible to be a production civilization。Here and the surrounding population density is limited，But it is located in the coast zone of the grassland and North China agricultural area，Is a place suitable for trade。Large -scale hand workshops and various foreign items found in the site，It seems that this society is obtaining the benefits through the business road。

Erli is a collection of Dacheng，Its level is more complicated than earlier civilization，Production、Ceremony、Military、Business Road, etc. are even better，It is a product that integrates early Chinese civilization Bet365 lotto review achievements。In this sense，It is called "China" is suitable。Chinese civilization is a product of diversified integration。There is a general connection between those civilizations before the two lilies，So Liangzhu's jade is arrived at Shiji，Rites such as toothy are widely discovered in all parts of China。I think，China, which is called a "world system" about 5 or 6,000 years ago, should be appropriate，It is based on the basis of multiple civilizations，Only three generations of civilizations that have been circulated eternal later。

"Haina Baichuan，There is a big one "，Chinese civilization for more than 5,000 years，Because of tolerance，Because of constant integration，Only grow，Yuanyuan Streaming Long。History proves this，Prehistoric history further proves this。

　(The author is a professor at the School of History of Renmin University of China)