The most representative and relatively concentrated Marxist views on nj bet365 are Engels’s "The Family"、Elaboration on the "Civilized Age" in "The Origin of Private Ownership and the State"。Although the concept of "civilized age" comes from Morgan，But Engels thought it was Morgan "in his own way，Rediscovered the materialist view of history discovered by Marx 40 years ago”，And "reaches the same results as Marx on the main points"，Thus a "truly great discovery"。Starting from the "Civilized Era"，Engels not only elaborated on the civilizational logic of Marxism from a historical perspective，Also puts forward the Marxist vision of nj bet365 from the perspective of development。

　The logic of nj bet365 in the civilized era

The Marxist study of nj bet365 is not about “making connections out of your head”，But “find connections from facts”，Not talking about nj bet365 in the abstract with a transhistorical master key，Rather, we can find “the key to understanding this phenomenon” by “studying each one separately” in the history of the development of human social nj bet365。

Engels proposed，The difference between the civilized nj bet365 and previous eras is reflected in the difference in production tools that represent the level of productivity，Like bows and arrows in the age of ignorance，Barbaric times are iron swords，Civilized nj bet365 is firearms；Also reflected in the differences in production methods and production objects，For example, in the savage nj bet365, people mainly obtained ready-made natural products，In the barbaric nj bet365, animal husbandry and farming relied on human activities to increase the production of natural products，In the civilized nj bet365, natural products were further processed through industry and art。

But，What is more obvious is the fundamental change in production relations caused by productivity and production methods。Production in all previous stages of social development is essentially common production，Consumption is also distributed within the community，This commonality between production and consumption is realized within an extremely narrow scope。Entering the Age of nj bet365，With the expansion of exchange，The emergence of commodity production，Producers have lost the right to control all production in their own areas of life，The produced goods become “alien power”。Not only goods are produced for exchange，People themselves become commodities and enter the process of exchange and consumption，And gradually changed from the active dynamic to the passive dynamic，Leading to the split between the exploiting class and the exploited class，Slavery production relations began to appear in human society。Slavery、Serfdom、Wage labor has become the three forms of slavery unique to the three major periods of nj bet365，“Open and, more recently, covert slavery has always accompanied civilized times”。

Since the exploitation of one class by another is the basis of the civilized era，So the entire development of the civilized era is carried out in constant contradictions。When society falls into irresolvable self-contradiction，When divided into irreconcilable opposites and unable to get rid of these opposites，In order to make these opposites, that is, classes with conflicting economic interests，Don’t destroy yourself and society in a meaningless struggle，The "alienated power" of the country came into being。The era of nj bet365 begins with the breaking of the national community，But we found the “illusory community” of the country again，Engels’s classic statement “The state is the summary of civilized society” brilliantly reveals the logic of nj bet365 in the civilized era。The emergence of the state，Making human social nj bet365 not only an achievement at the artifact level，Also embodied as people and people、People and Society、People and their own labor、The relationship between products and the institutional-level results presented by handling and responding to these relationships，Such civilizational factors are becoming more prominent and strengthened，Began to have a negative impact on the development of artifact nj bet365，Either promote or hinder。This is an objective historical fact of the development of human social nj bet365，It is also the basic logic of the evolution of nj bet365 in the civilized era。

　The paradox of nj bet365 in the civilized era

The emergence of the civilized era is a natural historical process of human economic and social development，But，The progress of the civilized era does not mean the inevitable progress of nj bet365。Even in the advanced stage of nj bet365，In addition to "creating a bourgeois society"，Except “Creating the universal appropriation of nature and social connections themselves by members of society”，“Nothing appears as something higher in itself anymore，Reasonable things that appear to be for themselves”。Therefore，Marx called capitalist nj bet365 a “criminal nj bet365 based on labor slavery”，Believe that “capitalists steal the free time that workers create for society，Stealing nj bet365”。

This is because civilized times are designed to arouse people’s basest impulses and passions，And accomplish these things by intensifying them at the expense of all other human endowments。Engels speaks，Vulgar greed is the driving soul of the civilized nj bet365 from the first day of its existence to this day；Wealth，Wealth，The third thing is wealth—not social wealth，But this insignificant individual wealth，This is the only thing in the civilized nj bet365、Decisive purpose。Despite the huge development and progress of productive forces in the civilized nj bet365，“The productive forces created by the bourgeoisie in its less than one hundred years of class rule，More than the total productivity created in all previous eras，Even bigger”。But，For the ever-increasing development of science in the embrace of civilized times、A recurring phenomenon during periods of high art prosperity，Engels said grimly，"That's just because all the achievements of accumulating wealth in modern times would be impossible to achieve without this"。

Therefore，“Everything produced in the civilized era is twofold、Double-sided、Split in two、Opposite”，Even nj bet365 and barbarism are directly reversed。The extreme hypocrisy and barbaric nature of bourgeois nj bet365 still pretends to be decent in its hometown，When you get to the colony, you will show yourself naked without any disguise。This is more intuitively reflected in the British Opium War against China，“Semi-barbarians adhere to moral principles，Civilized people fight against it based on the principle of selfishness”。

"Every step forward in nj bet365，Inequality also takes a step forward。All the institutions that society has established for itself with the emergence of nj bet365，All transformed into the opposite of their original purpose。"This kind of nj bet365 is moving in a "vicious circle"，Moving in contradictions that are constantly recreated and insurmountable，Great progress brings great regression，Major developments lead to major crises，The result achieved is always the opposite of what it hopes to achieve or pretends to achieve。This is the paradox of nj bet365 in the "civilized era"。

Out of the civilized nj bet365 and toward the civilized nj bet365

In the sense of breaking the closed social state of ignorance and barbarism，The civilized era is profoundly revolutionary。But，In the long history of human nj bet365 development，The form of nj bet365 in the civilized era is only a very small chapter，It can even be said to be a chapter filled with errors。The age of nj bet365 is only a small part of the existence time that mankind has experienced，Only a fraction of the time that humans will survive，Human society must also be moving out of the civilized era，Towards a new, broader and more magnificent era。

What will be the form of nj bet365 in the new social era，Engels quoted a passage from Morgan: "This will be the freedom of the ancient clans、The resurrection of equality and fraternity，But it is resurrection in a more advanced form。”We can understand this passage in two dimensions。One，The pre-nj bet365 era was not without nj bet365 creation，Not only did Engels refer to "developed iron tools" and "developed metal processing、Wagons and chariots” are called the main legacy of the Greeks from the barbaric era into the civilized era，In fact, recognize its civilizational achievements at the artifact level，Even the spiritual achievements of ancient clans are not completely denied，Only based on the standpoint of historical materialism, it is necessary to resurrect in a more advanced form。Part 2，This higher form is the result of dominating the bourgeois era through great social revolutions，Dominate the world market and modern productivity，And make all this subject to the joint supervision of the most advanced nations，To completely transcend product opposition、Class antagonism，And then "put all the state machinery where it should go，Put it in the Antiquities Exhibition Hall，The form of nj bet365 of a higher social form displayed "along with spinning wheels and bronze axes"。In this way, human progress can truly get out of the civilizational dilemma of "only using the heads of the murdered as wine glasses to drink the sweet wine"。

Although such a social form and its nj bet365 are evolving，A social state that has not yet truly become a reality，But the realistic movement towards this social state is ongoing and expanding in depth。Although the era of nj bet365 has not yet exited, it cannot be skipped or canceled for granted，But this does not mean that labor cannot be shortened and the pain of childbirth。There are two ideologies of socialism and capitalism in the world today、The historical evolution and competition between the two social systems have undergone major changes in favor of socialism，In fact, it is the ongoing evolution of social form and nj bet365。Chinese Communists uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era，Adhere to the Chinese path，Promote common prosperity for all people，Achieve coordinated development of two civilizations、Human and nature live in harmony、Building a community with a shared future for mankind and a series of practical activities，Injecting new connotation into human nj bet365 in the 21st century，It has also become the most important civilizational achievement of human society in the new era。

(Author’s unit: School of Marxism, Party School nj bet365 CPC Central Committee (National School of Administration))