Effective medium for the exchange of civilization in the early Tang Dynasty
January 31, 2024 09:58 Source: "China Social Sciences" January 31, 2024 Issue 2827 Author: Liu Xiangquan Du Jun

General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: "Civilization communicates due to diversity,Learn from each other due to communication,Developed due to mutual learning。"The Tang Dynasty, an active exchanges in Chinese history,"Do not refuse the flow,Fang is Jianghai "open -minded mind,Pass with more than 70 countries、Communication and communication,promoted the long broadcast of Chinese culture,It has also promoted products of various countries、Culture introduced to China。Early Year of the Tang Dynasty,Wang Xuanze after Xuanzang studied Tianzhu,Four times ordered to make envoys,Erotic Road, please return many people and things,The communication between Datang and neighboring countries has been pushed to a new peak。

With the exchanges of the East and the West, the exchanges are becoming more frequent,During the great cause of Emperor Sui Yang,has exchanged with more than 40 western regions,But there is no Tianzhu。King Mogu Toro's corpse Luo Yido (Wangri King) summoned Xuanzang,In the fifteenth year of Zhenguan (641), the envoy was sent to the tribute。Tang Taizong's order Li Yibai is positive、Wang Xuanze is a deputy ambassador,Send the messenger return to China。Mr. Feng Chengjun, a historian of Chinese and Western Transportation, mentioned in the book "False False Dynasties": "Gu Xuan Ce's envoy,It is because of Xuanzang Journey to the West,Sound five days,Indian countries sent to tribute。”

In the seventeenth year of Zhenguan (643) in March, Tianzhu,In the second Bet365 app download year of Linde (665), the fourth time in the first month of the first month returns,It lasts nearly 22 years before and after,Wang Xuanze Four Midno Tianzhu,Take Tibet -India Road Five times、Three times on land Silk Road。Tibet -India Road includes Tangfan Ancient Road、Fanni Road,Although recently and less dangerous,But also "enter the valley in the southeast,Thirteen Flying Ladder、Nineteen Borent Road。Southeast or southwest,Yuan Ge Pan Teng,Wild Bank for more than forty days "。and the most dangerous far on the Silk Road on the land,Xuan Zang once "practiced the vastness of the sand,The towering of Xuexueling,Turning of Iron Gate 巉,The road of hot sea waves。From Chang'an Shenyi,Finally Wang She New City,More than 50,000 miles in the middle ",I walked back and forth 100,000 miles back and forth。Wang Xuanze not only walked the 100,000 miles of Xuanzang,I walked more than 80,000 miles more,On the way to the boardwalk,Yuan Ge Pan Teng,The danger of the road can be imagined。

According to "Buddha's Ji": "敕 尉 丞 丞 义、Huangshui County Ling Wang Xuan Ce made the Western Regions,Tour more than a hundred countries ",Not less than 110 countries passed by Xuanzang。According to relevant historical materials,Wang Xuanze Footprints spread throughout the kingdom of Tianzhu、Many places in the Western Regions,Zeng Tuyou Qiuzu Kingdom、Da Xia Guo、悉、East Women's Country、Tubo country, etc.,To the Ukraine Kingdom of Bei Tianzhu、Gaba Test Country、Mud Brahmin, etc.。

Following Wang Xuanze's characters who came to Changan were a rebel Aona Shun、Tianzhu Fang Shi Na Lao Po and Tianzhu Monk Clicp。According to bet365 Play online games the "Old Tang Book" record,Wang Xuan Ce, as right as the right of right (Zheng Qiping), is the second to make Tianzhu,"The Corpse of the King of Tianzhu Luo Yi died,Elementary School Chaos,The Victorians Araona Ten Calier,Nai Hu Bing made a rejection of mystery。Xuan Ce rides thirty people and Hu Yuzhan,lost,Ya Tan,I was captured。Hu's contribution to the country "。Wang Xuan Ce、Jiang Shiren reluctantly fled to Tubo、Mud Borne,More than 1,000 people in the infant、Seven thousand cavalry,Big defeated Zhongtianzhu。Wang Xuanze detained Arena Shun to Changan,Tang Taizong is very happy,Promoting Wang Xuande as a doctor of Chaosan。Wang Xuan Ce also invited Tianzhu Fang Shi Na Ling,Tang Taizong's ordered long -lived medicine。Due to "West Fan Hu Guo's Stone Honey,China is expensive ",So,Tang Taizong dispatched Wang Xuan Ce two to take the sugar method for Tianzhu。Wang Xuanze invited stone honey (sucrose) craftsmen from Capricorn Temple、Eight monks,The sucrose created "The color smell is more than the person from the Western Regions",enriched the diet of our people。According to the verification of Mr. Ji Xianlin,"China took this sugar method and improved,Boil into white sugar,Back to India again ",Improving the level of boiling sugar in ancient India。

Wang Xuanze invited some holy objects from Tianzhu,Mainly there is a portrait of Shakyamuni、Buddhist foot trace stone map、Buddha's top bone, etc.。Zhenguan, February 11th, 19th,Wang Xuance heard that Maitreya creates a portrait of Shakyamuni、The high tower made by the Brahman Brothers appeared "Tianyu Minksa Flower" Ruixiang story,"Please the monks and Bet365 lotto review the envoys, please,Available Separate Celebration,Ji Shengyi,Fang Geng You Du "。Painted by Song Fa Zhi,"巧 穷,Figure writing holy face ",It caused a sensation in Changan,Dongdu respects the temple、The statue of Maitreya Bodhisattva, the Maitreya Bodhisattva, Binyang Cave in Longmen Grottoes, is also made of such images.。After May 22, Zhenguan,Wang Xuanze returns to China,Bring it back to the written Buddhist foot trace stone map。Five years of Xianqing (660) October 1,Capricorn Bodhi Temple Temple Main Dragon is Wang Xuan Ce,Gift gifts,"Let people below,Each gift of ChinaTen paragraphs,meal,Times Shen Cheng envoy Dragon Ball, etc.,Recording Dazhenzhu Eight Box,ivory pagoda 1,Star Pagoda 1,Buddhist seal 4 ",This is the first time in the Chinese literature that the word "Buddhist seal" uses the "Buddhist seal"。

Wang Xuan Ce brought back 26 Buddhist stories,Can be divided into Buddhism stories、Due to Fate Story、History Story、For the four types of metaphoric stories。The plot of the story is due to mythical、Basic、Life and colorful,It contains cause and effect、impermanence、Transformation、Induction、Dream and other stories Mother Questions,infiltrated Buddhist concepts such as "everything is suffering", "three causality", "impermanence of beings", "Nirvana silence"。For example,On the way to the first envoy,Wang Xuan Ce、Li Yibai and his party via mud Borneo,The king Na Ling Timo warmly entertains,Accompany Wang Xuan Ce、Li Yibai and others watching Ama's Mother Po Water Water Pond,"Vote from things,Sheng smoke flames,Cooking,Familiarity of Beard ",It may be the place where oil is produced,bet365 Play online games Then talk about,"Once stabbed a gold with a stick,Venturing,One -way and one deep。According to legend: This is the Maitreya Buddha to become a Taoist Crown Gold,Fire Dragon Defense。This pool fire is also a fire dragon fire ",This story is widely circulated in my country,Mogao Grottoes murals are also reflected。These Buddhist stories are based on the study of Buddhism today、History of China and India Exchange is extremely important。

Wang Xuan Ce strengthened Datang and Tubo "Jinyu Qi Embroidery,Ask for exchanges,Road to the road,Fever "friendly exchanges,Politics between Tang Zhu、Economy、Culture、Scientific and technological exchanges can continue,So Mr. Feng Chengjun said: "The construction of the 16th capital of the Western Regions of the Tang Dynasty,West Persia,Northern Ding Kangju,Nanda Snow Ridge。and their prestige all over India,Wang Xuanze Xizheng Mojaduo Kingdom is for its cause。”

The Tang Dynasty during the heyday of China -India cultural exchanges,Buddhist story brought back by Wang Xuanze,Or it is borrowed into the history books such as "Western State" and "Old Tang Book"、Buddhism、Fang Zhi,or is transcription of "Puyang Miscellaneous" and "Taiping Guangji" and other transcriptions、Repair、Rich,or being transformed into the murals of Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang、Gansu Bingling Temple statue, etc.,Deeply incorporated into the Treasury of Chinese Classics Literature、Literature Space、Among the art world。According to the Buddhist foot trace stone map brought by Wang Xuanze,Changan Puguang Temple engraved Buddha foot trace stone,Later, it was passed on to Nara Pharmacist Temple, Japan。The Buddhist footprint Bet365 app download stones are written on the temple: "The Tang Dynasty envoy Wang Xuan Ce,Xiang Zhongtianzhu Luye Garden,Turn on Falun,Due to the traces,Need to write,Come (Top) is the first book。Japan's Molecus Huang Wen (Book) Book Real,Xiang Tang Guo,Can be transferred to Puoguang Temple,Map is the second book。"" Abbot "word,Also because of Wang Xuan Ce in Zhenguan in the 19th year of Zhenguan, in the former residence of Vima, the former residence of Vima, ",Stop there is one foot "to get,Only later many people only knew the use of the word "abbot" without knowing its source,So Mr. Feng Chengjun said with emotion: "This is the source of the" abbot 'in the dictionary。Wang Xuan Ce's legacy is passed down to this day,Only this,But the person who uses this term,Forgot to forget the ancestors。”

In more than 20 years of known,Wang Xuanze comes between Datang and Tianzhu,penetrating Tibet -India Road,Almost replaced the land Silk Road since the Han Dynasty。Especially in the following decades,Mud Borne、Tianzhu and other countries came to the Tang Dynasty tribute,",Its plants and trees are different from the common person,Details of the Division ...,A Parabia ... Gami Guo Guo Guojin,Ye Like Mai Men Dong ... Mud Borneo presented waves of edges,red and blue flowers ... "Tulip、Bodhi Tree、Bogenic Venus (Spinach), etc. entered our country,enriched the material life of our people,lychee of our country、Peanuts, etc. are also introduced into mud Borne、Tianzhu and other countries。From Tang Gaozong,The grand occasion of "Five Sky Zhu Coming to the DPRK" appeared,Become Datang、A good story of friendly exchanges between Tianzhu。

As a pioneer of China Bet365 app download -India Transportation、Diplomacy of Datang、Civilized messenger of foreign exchange,Wang Xuanze promoted Datang and Tianzhu、Multi -directional exchanges and communication between neighboring countries such as Mud Borne。Historian Mr. Liu Yizheng once evaluated Wang Xuan Ce in this way: "The biggest of his merits,On the body to Tubo,Sending its soldiers and mud brand,Entering Central India,Capture King。Its text,Then there is a monument of the mountain temple、"Western Streaming Biography"。It is in the picture,There is "Map of Buddhism",So far, his grandson is still in Japan。”

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