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　　Centennial Chinese local literature and rural construction

　　◇ Xu Zhiwei

　　■ "Hometown" information picture

"May 4th" in more than 100 years，Village in China has experienced major changes such as "rural autonomy", "land reform", "collective", "family coalition contracting responsibility system" and "urbanization"，Dynamic changes have taken place。In it，A factor that has played an important role and is often ignored is local literature。From Lu Xun、Mao Dun、Shen Congwen、Xiao Hong，to Zhao Shuli、Sun Li，Then to Liu Qing、Jia Pingwa、Lu Yao、Mo Yan、Chen Zhongshi, etc.，Almost all important new literature giants have explored the modern road of "country China"，Their creative practice and the institutional practice in the change affect each other、Promote each other，As a result, "synergy effect"，Promoting the modernization process of rural China at a deeper level。

Chinese modern local literature is a literary form that was born in the process of transformation of "local China" to modern China。In the 1920s，With the condensation of "Enlightenment" consensus，The care of many writers has gradually shifted from "time" to "local"，The focus that is about to pay attention to shifts from the old and literary theory of literature to specific literary creation practice -the creation of local literature。But this kind of focus on "place"，Not the return of traditional value，Instead of re -examining the country with the world's eyes。In terms of this meaning，Early local literature is a reaction to the global capitalist system，Rather than seeing it as a literary genre，It is better to treat it as a modern discourse production。Many writers are almost consciously involved in the historical process of constructing modern knowledge，Ethnic state、Progress Evolution、Modern perspectives such as historical purposes and inevitability to re -examine the countryside，Therefore a series of new knowledge and image on the countryside: the countryside is no longer a pastoral，but a decaying land。As far as the style is concerned，The village full of eyes、Xiao Suo，Ru Xun's "Hometown"、Xu Qinwen's "Father's Garden"; as far as customs are concerned,，The countryside is full of ignorance and superstition，Ru Yan's "Fort Road"、"Candle Flame" of Tai Jingnong; as far as the people's style is concerned，The village exudes primitive barbaric gas，such as Xu Jie's "Misery Fog"、蹇 Xian Ai's "Water Buried"，etc.。This rural image has a fundamental difference compared to Chinese classical literature。These new rural images make the traditional "rural space" "other" in knowledge，and through literary criticism、Literature Publishing、Literary Education and other communication mechanisms，Update a large number of new youth rural cognition，To a certain extent, it has accelerated the disintegration of the traditional patriarchal system。

2040s，With the growing growth of the liberated area，The people will become the main body of the revolution，Literature and art become "an component of the entire bet365 best casino games revolutionary machine"，Discussion on the relationship between literary and artistic and political relationships should be served by literature and art，Whether transforming to literature can serve politics。Rural construction with land reform as the main content is one of the core politics of the liberated area，Therefore，How to participate in the construction of a new type of rural society becomes a specific problem that literary and art workers need to face。During the response process of this problem，Local literature actively adjusts its own reasonable structure、Theme mode、Communication mode、Communication mode，The possibility is continuously opened。Zhao Shuli、Zhou Libo、Ding Ling、Sun Li and other writers link with the political process of the times，Completed the renovation of the function and form of literature，In the works such as "Little Er Hei Marriage", "Storm Rain", "Sunlight on the Sanggan River" and other works, a new view of history is constructed、State view、Family view、Personal view、Love view，While intervening in rural political life，It has also created rural political life。and Yang Zi Opera、New opera and other new types of literary and artistic forms will embed themselves into the village reality internal，On the one hand，Created the atmosphere of the era of "universal enlightenment"，Become a spiritual channel between rural grassroots society and revolutionary ideology; on the other hand，It has also created a participating literary space，Passive positions that have been removed from the long -term "expressed"，Realizing the self -education of farmers，and establish its emotional status as a social master。

Early in the founding of New China，Farmers are established as the subjective force to promote socialist practice，But farmers have been restrained by the culture of the clan for a long time，It is difficult to get rid of the self -identity positioning as a subordinate in a short time。For most farmers who have just been "liberated"，"Socialism" is just a fresh vocabulary，Not really entering their hearts。Therefore，It is very necessary to promote a "delicate revolution" that is closer to the world of people's life，Make farmers' transformation from "economic turning" to "thought turn"，Action subject that truly becomes creating a new world。The local literature of this period participated in the creation of rural reality，Literature has transformed from a realistic "social symbolic behavior" to a social practice involved in reality。In the process of intervention in reality，"Text" is converted into broadcast、Movie、comic painting、New folk song、New Yangge and other "images" and "sound"，A literary form of "non -textism" formed，Move、Activated the masses' sensory，transform the reading behavior of the masses into watching behavior、Participate in behavior。This literary form subverts the established elegance/vulgarity，The world of life with the people is sticking together，Incorporate a large number of unsightly farmers into the political process of New China，It is both the constructive medium of socialist ideology，It is also the invention of the people itself。

The 1980s，In the situation of reform and opening up，With the expansion of the liability system bet365 best casino games for the family coalition production，The rural space has become a field of playing with each other，Among them, the main line is "commercialization" reform with "economic construction"。Under the tide of the times，Two writers stand in the position of "Enlightenment" again，Reform Literature、Finding Literature、Pioneer Literature and other literary trends，Add the Ruofei of the Land，Echo the logic of reform，Become an important force to promote China's rural reform。He Shiguang's "On the Rural Field"、Jia Pingwa's "Lunar Moon · Zhengyue"、Zhang Wei's "Angry in Autumn"、Jiang Zilong's "Yan Zhao Sad Song" and other works focus on rural reality，Not only the inevitability of rural reform，It also revealed the resistance of rural reform，Provide discourse support for family joint production contract。Although the rural reform of this period has caused local literature to produce a significant "de -ruralization" and "revolutionary" features，To a large extent caters to the "New Enlightenment" discourse，But this does not mean that it completely breaks with "Revolutionary China"，"Socialist discourse" lasting "present" and the value containment brought by it，Decided that it is still in the imagination and exploration of the "China Road"。

Enter the new century，Many new elements have appeared in the narrative of local literature，The narrative pattern is obviously different from the previous emotions.。"Change" of the narrative of local literature，It should undoubtedly be attributed to a new situation in the new century.，That is the intensification of urbanization process。to this day，Urbanization is still a major event that affects the urban and rural society in China。This process is fully rolled out，Treating a series of chain reactions，The fact that a majority recognize is，China has been based on farmers、Taking the soil as the living、The "local China" form that is ruled by the village is transformed into urban and rural interaction、"Urban and Rural China" form with the integration of the industry，Farmers no longer firmly bundle with the land，The border of the country stretches with the transformation of farmers' activity space，Xinxiang Xian、College student village officials、Farmers anchor、New rural figures such as rural buyers are constantly emerging。Rural politics under the form of "urban and rural China"、Economy、Culture、Structural changes in education and other aspects changed the writer's inherent cognition of the countryside，It has caused a large -scale "new native writing" boom。Joey's "Bao Shui"、Fu Xiuying's "Mo Shang"、Guan Renshan's "Baiyangdian"、Ye Wei's "Houpu" and other works present the presentation of the new rural structure and rural experience，Practicing and thinking with the current cultural construction of new rural cultural construction constitutes a benign interaction。Especially worth mentioning is，The local "non -fiction writing" in recent years，Its emergence represents some writers' dissatisfaction with existing literary forms and re -grasping the "new country" attempts and hard work，It maintains a synchronization with the texture of life itself，Although it does not belong to the classic "literature"，But contains the historical Bet365 app download essence and formal strength lacking in the classic "literature"。

Overall，Centennial Chinese local literature is not an independent、Division of the field，It has always been in the process of modernization of Chinese villages。On the one hand，It is the product of the modern transformation of rural China，On the other hand，It also participated in the shaping of rural modern appearances in a unique way。Local literature and rural construction are accompanied by，Two sometimes cooperate with each other，Sometimes opposite each other，Among them, there is both a look of radicals in the world，There is also hesitant to return to the country，Strong pursuit of western modernity，There are also "universal" reflection and correction stipulated by others。This kind of reflection and revision overflows the binary interpretation framework such as "China/West" and "Traditional/Modern"，Added the discourse construction of "China Road"。It can be said，Centennial Chinese local literature，Not only does it construct a new local literary tradition，It also points to a different system of the system，I contributed a unique modern expression to the world。

　　(This article is the National Social Science Foundation's major project "Research on the Relationship between Centennial Chinese Literature and Rural Construction Movement" (21&ZD262) Pharmaceutical results)

　　(Author Unit: School of Literature, Harbin Normal University)

　　 Experience of the creation of new local literature and provincial thinking

　　◇ Ho Chi Minh Gong Mengzheng

"Experience" in the philosophical meaning of transcendence，Four elements of literary activities "World、Author、Work、Readers "exist in internal hook linked，Revealing new local literature creation for Chinese experience，Describes the experience of rural labor and ethical emotions from this。In what way, the proposition of "writing a new era in the new era" presentation presents the creative narrative experience of the writer，and the review of physical experience in the daily life of rural areas under the overlap of urban and rural space and space，Deepen and broaden the narrative theme of "Chinese experience"，Especially in the process of "Chinese -style modernization"，Caused many literary thinking about rural development。

　　Writing and examining rural ethical evolution through labor experience

The cultural characteristics of the local farming society in the country determine that the occurrence of labor is inseparable from the vast villages and land，The description of the labor form of literary works、expression of labor emotions、​​Revelation of labor logic often reveals a strong rustic atmosphere。For new local literature with "country" as the basic point of writing，The accumulation of rural labor experience is a mental resource that supports the local value and ideal of the work。Therefore，Writing of labor experience of new local literature，Not only can provide fresh and sensitive literary materials for social life, historical and cultural research，You can also see the spiritual world of the labor group and the creative mentality of the writer。

Modern Chinese Literature has a good masterpiece of writing labor，For example, "The Sun Zhao on the Sanggan River" and "History of Entrepreneurship"，Writing intellectuals participating Bet365 app download in rural labor transformation "My Bodhi Tree" and "Green Tree"，"Ordinary World" who writes rural life changes，"Golden Valley and Yinshan", which writes a variety of rural labor forms，"Labor" in these works，Sometimes full of vitality、The spiritual style of creativity and freedom appears，Sometimes a fragile alienation form。Regardless of whether it is a positive narrative tendency laid in Yan'an Literature，Still the expression of the suffering of labor in the new period of literature，To some extent reveal the ambiguous of "labor beauty" and "labor suffering"。

Under the context of the era of rural rejuvenation，The problem of labor highlights the problems that may be encountered in the process of building a new native China。He Xiangyong's "The Dead Earth" tells the liberation of farmers' labor concepts for farmers，The new generation of farmers are eager to get rid of the "sunrise and do it，Daily Entering "way of work"，Thoroughly changing the previous single understanding of labor that can only be attached to the land。Wang Yuewen's "Home Mountain" will take the labor life of the ideal society into the reality of Shawan，Farmers、Land is closely linked as flesh and blood，Labor becomes a rune code for the survival and reproduction of the Shawan people。Diverse development due to the form of labor，People start to gradually get rid of heavy physical labor，Mechanized production reminds people to rethink the relationship between "capital" and "labor"，Digging Labor Ethics 赓 Continuousness and changes, such as family ethics、Economic Ethics、Ecological ethics and other evolution of the legality basis，Actively explore the social essence behind the labor subject。

　　Taking the experience of national narrative as a giant change certificate for Johor Bahru

Zhang Hongsen proposed in "The New Epic of the Great Change of Shanxiang in the New Era"，"The spiritual weather of showing the new era in the new era with a full -scale panorama with literature"，And the national aspiration experience of native literature can just be the Giant Change Certificate of Johor Bahru。

First，A book -style narrative mode effectively inherited the "description" of the historical narrative tradition and the local history，This narrative mode refine the panoramic observation into micro -things，from "Noodles" and "Point"，Talk with the facts。Ru Jingran's "Yesterday's Border City" focuses on the "Matian Bian" place between 1589 and 1950，Alai's "Zhan Pai" deeply describes the Tibetan settlement "Iron Tribe"，He Xiangyong's "Rural History" details the style of the hometown of the hometown of the hometown。These works are focused on "point"，In fact, the amplification effect of this "small stamp" in the hometown，How to radiate the entire Chinese land from "point"，Make the "current" and "history" of literature realize a differential dialogue，Maybe you can see the original landmarks such as the "Yorknapata French Department", "Gaomi Northeast Township" and "Xiangxi World"。In the design of text narrative structure，Huo Xiangjie's "Local Knowledge" from the territory、Language、Customs and other aspects of the micro history of "Tang Ye"，Not only presents the local customs of the local ecology，It also provides a new system paradigm for writing "Bet365 app download New Epic"，With a transcendent narrative posture instead of a single folk position as rural history、"Note"。

Next，Local Chronicle has the functions of "capital governance", "education" and "history of deposit"，Therefore, the writing of grassroots governance in the process of literary translation，Whether it is practical experience in rural governance，Still building a literary vision for rural good governance，Ethnic aspirations can bring inspiration to rural decision makers。Writers are weaving and listed through the examples of examples，The significance of the reference of the work overflows the aesthetic boundary of literature，Especially in the writing of poverty alleviation,，Literary records of the hot frontline of poverty alleviation and deep description of the new appearance of the countryside，While being affectionately praised by the results of poverty alleviation，It also provides local governance wisdom and experience reflection。He Xiangyong's "Trilogy" epic epic recorded in Chinese poverty alleviation，The author pays attention to the folk，Passionate sympathy for the life dilemma of poor farmers，This work shows the Sichuan -Chongqing wisdom of poverty alleviation: the external manifestation process of poverty alleviation and getting rich，It is also the removal process of the mentality of weak farmers。Similar works include Nie Xinsen's "Drive Poverty"、Zhou Daxin's "Lake Light and Mountain Color"、Tang Jungao’s "One Lake Hill", etc.，These works focus on poverty, but not in poverty，The old disadvantages of rural governance have made delicate drawing。Of course，The writing of the experience of literature and local ambitions on grass -roots governance also needs to be vigilant about the aesthetic squeezing of literary aesthetics，How to balance this narrative position，It is also a question that needs to be considered in new local writing。

Last，Search for new local literature works created by the experience of national aspirations in recent years，It is not difficult to find，The defense of modernity and anti -modernity has always existed in the writing of new natives，Highlighting the construction and reverse construction of these works of "rural fable"。For example，Many writers are hoping to write a panoramic writing in the form of "multi -volume" in the form of "multi -volume".，If Guan Renshan's "Chinese Farm Destiny Trilogy"，Among them, "Sun Head" tries to summarize the history of contemporary Chinese civilization with the complicated intergenerational entanglement and relationship maps of the four major families of "Golden Power Wang Du".，The writing method of its family history has the gesture that has fallen into the illusion of making the illusion of "rural fable"，Magic stories and its symbolic pursuit are interspersed in novel narratives，Make the countryside into a place of interpretation of novel fable。

　　Write through physical experience to focus on flowing rural life

New local writing is a literary memory of rural life that is not living，The historical significance of social and cultural criticism。In today's society with changes in today's flowers，How to enter the "life world" in the countryside from a aesthetic vision，"Body" as the key to perceive life，It can become an effective observation perspective and way of saying。

bet365 Play online games Body writing since the new period along the path of secularization，A "metaphysical" narrative tendency appeared。For example，Jia Pingwa's "Gao Laozhuang" is written to the body's morbidity to metaphorize the shrinking of rural vitality，Han Shaogong's "Daddy" depicts the incompleteness and weakness of Bingb's body。There are also some writers focusing on the life experience of the body's own experience and experience。He Xiangyong in works such as "The God of Land" and "Monkey Theater"，Innovative body language as an important indicator for the expression of the interest of folk life，Restore the body as an animal -like existence，This is a metaphor for competition logic that appears inside the countryside。When the body sinks the practice of life，Daily life experience internally and complicated life mirror requires writers to make simple metaphorical treatment of "body"，and must take off the light of the deity above the body，Restore the real daily body authenticity，Only to observe the richness of life and the subtle life。

The modernization process of the countryside constitutes the background and generating context of the new rural writing，This makes the writers unable to avoid the penetration of "modernity" for the rural thinking and observation，However, "modernity" is an abstract and difficult -to -"pass" theme for literary creation，Under the difficulty of writing and unable to say，Modern experience with experience above "body" has become the most "passing" to explore "modernity"。The experience of peasant groups that has been infiltrated in the country for a long time for modernity，More is produced in the situation where the city is used as a mirror，Construction of rural civilization in the tadpole of urban civilization，This narrative logic is for new local literature creation，Still borrowing from funds。But more importantly，New native writing should consciously explorate under the overlap of urban and rural culture，Self -sexual body facing the survival choice made by the invasion of urban civilization，Differentiated physical experience behind this series of self -selected actions。

　　(Author Unit: School of Humanities, Hunan University of Science and Technology)