Hou Renzhi (1911-2013)，From Zaoqiang County, Hebei，Academician bet with bet365 Chinese Academy of Sciences，Famous historical geographer，One bet with bet365 founders of modern historical geography，Pioneering contribution to my country’s application for World Heritage，Known as “the first person to apply for World Heritage in China”。Hou Renzhi is particularly concerned about the history and geography of Beijing，Development and utilization of Beijing’s water system、The origin of Beijing、He made important contributions to the compilation of Beijing’s historical maps and the planning bet with bet365 old city。

Central bet with bet365，It is the history and culture of Beijing、The “artery line” of urban landscape and planning。From a space perspective，The central bet with bet365 is the spine of Beijing’s urban planning，In terms of time，Another one that has lasted from the Yuan Dynasty to the present，The bet with bet365 of time and space that is still extending today。Hour Renzhi from history、Geography、In-depth exploration of the diverse value of the central bet with bet365 to Beijing city from various aspects such as religion and urban planning，Build a complete and three-dimensional cultural heritage protection system，It has certain guiding value for the application and long-term protection of Beijing’s central bet with bet365。

　　Outline the development context of Beijing’s central bet with bet365 from the perspective of interaction between man and land

Beijing’s central bet with bet365 is not a completely artificial line，It is the result of adapting measures to local conditions based on natural geography。Design of Yuan Dadu，Mainly using the lakes on the Gaoliang River system as the design center，Therefore, the center (center platform) of the central bet with bet365 of Dadu in the Yuan Dynasty is to choose a point on the east bank of Jishuitan，and extending southward along this central point，Form a line that just passes through the center of the Bell and Drum Towers and the Imperial City，This forms an organized and symmetrical pattern on the left and right，This is the original Beijing central bet with bet365。The stone carvings on the east side of present-day Shichahai are engraved with "Shichahai Ji" written by Hou Renzhi，When talking about the relationship between Shichahai and the central bet with bet365, he said that "close to the east bank determines the central bet with bet365 of the city's planning and design"，One sentence explains clearly the relationship between the central bet with bet365 and the water area。

Actually，China has a tradition of building cities based on geographical advantages since ancient times。There is something in "Guanzi Riding a Horse"；"Where the capital of a country is established，Not under the mountains，Must be above Guangchuan。The height is not close to drought but there is enough water，Don’t go near the water and avoid ditches。”This shows that as early as the pre-Qin era，Urban construction has fully taken into account the factors of natural geography。Xiong Mengxiang, a man of the Yuan Dynasty, wrote in "Analysis of Jin Zhi": "Since ancient times, a country has been established，Take the geographical situation first，The lineage of the previous king，To achieve a great cause。”The guidance of the river and lake systems in the Yuan Dynasty and the planning of the palace city were closely integrated，Urban design based on the central bet with bet365 in the Yuan Dynasty certainly has a profound cultural and historical tradition，However, it can be said that the transformation of the traditional urban central bet with bet365 by taking advantage of the geographical location and waterways is the first of its kind in Beijing，Hou Renzhi placed it in the interaction between man and earth to investigate，This undoubtedly points out the vitality of Beijing’s central bet with bet365 that continues to this day。

The original central bet with bet365 continues to extend southward，Hou Renzhi believes that this reflects the Chinese concept of "facing south and becoming king"，And reveals the profound reasons for the existence of this concept from the perspective of environmental climate。The northwest wind prevails in the North China Plain in winter，Therefore, it was decided not to open the north gate of the house，Open the north window only，Some don’t even have a north window，This kind of door faces south、The pattern of windows facing south is conducive to lower direct sunlight entering the house in winter，So all palaces in the Forbidden City face due south，The initial extension of the central bet with bet365 also naturally extends southward。This contains rich national cultural genes，It can be seen as a vivid example of national culture using the central bet with bet365 as the carrier and reflected in the architectural form。

Ming Dynasty，The palace shrank south and moved east，The central bet with bet365 and the new bell and drum towers also moved eastward。The new central bet with bet365 is located on the east bank of the lake，No physical geographical barriers，Easier to extend southward。Eastward shift of the central bet with bet365，It is the result of urban spatial pattern optimization，Also reflects the interaction and evolution between urban pattern and physical geography。Meanwhile，The center of the central bet with bet365 moves southward to Long live Mountain (also known as Meishan)、Zhenshan，renamed Jingshan in Qing Dynasty)，This marks the center of Beijing after reconstruction。

During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the central bet with bet365 of Beijing started from the Drum Tower and Bell Tower in the north，Go south through the Forbidden City and Jingshan，Finally ends at Yongding Gate，Full length 7.8 kilometers。Hou Renzhi believes that "this is the most outstanding point in the graphic design of Beijing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties"，And fully affirm the architectural art on the central bet with bet365 of Beijing in the Ming and Qing Dynasties，Jiang Tiananmen、The Meridian Gate and the Hall of Supreme Harmony are regarded as the three climaxes in the artistic treatment of the central bet with bet365 building complex。

　　Comprehensively look at the historical value of Beijing’s central bet with bet365

Correctly handle the relationship between the Forbidden City and the central bet with bet365。As cultural heritage，Although the Forbidden City and Beijing Central bet with bet365 belong to different protected entities，But the relationship between the two is inseparable。Hou Renzhi studied for the first time in the Forbidden City in China、The protection issues of the two were discussed together in the second academic seminar。Actually，The Forbidden City is an important part of the protection of Beijing’s central bet with bet365，Vice versa，The protection of the central bet with bet365 can be seen as an extension and supplement of the heritage protection of the Forbidden City。The symmetry contained in the central bet with bet365、中正、The aesthetic concepts and design principles of neatness are the core essence of the Forbidden City complex，The two are the relationship between part and whole。In the long run，The overall protection of the central bet with bet365 and the Forbidden City is not a duplication and waste of public resources，It is about strengthening and improving the protection of urban cultural heritage。

Think of the central bet with bet365 as a strip-shaped cultural system。Hou Renzhi’s greatest contribution to the study of Beijing’s central bet with bet365 is，Put it into a huge space-time relationship and examine it。In this case，The value of the central bet with bet365 should not be limited to an isolated "line"，It should be a rich one、Multiple layers of cultural connotations、Cultural system showing zonal distribution。Within this cultural system，The bell tower with dominant ancient royal culture、Drum Tower、Jingshan、Forbidden City、Temple of Heaven、Xiannongtan and Yongdingmen, etc.，There is also the Bixia Yuanjun Temple that represents religious culture、Huode Zhenjun Temple and Guangfu Temple, etc.，Including the first three seas、The water conservancy culture including the Three Seas and the Grand Canal, as well as the market culture formed by the people over a long period of time、Hutong Culture、Intangible cultural heritage...

Cultural inheritance under the guidance of “two civilizations”。Hou Renzhi once wrote an article talking about the construction of two civilizations in the capital，He took the construction of Tiananmen Square on the central bet with bet365 after the founding of New China as an example，Think this reflects the transformation from "emperor supremacy" to "people supremacy"，And it can only be revealed from the themes that the square attempts to express in the past and today，Only in this way can we truly see the essence of the change in the problem。Hour Renzhi enlightens us that the protection of the central bet with bet365 must not only focus on the transformation of material civilization，We must pay more attention to the inheritance and innovation of spiritual civilization。

　　The “Three Milestones” Construction of Beijing’s Central bet with bet365

Hou Renzhi’s observations and thoughts on the central bet with bet365 are very profound，On the one hand，He learned from history、Geography、Religion、Building a theoretical framework for central bet with bet365 research from ideological and other perspectives，On the other hand，The final focus of the study was Beijing’s urban planning，Highlight the principle that academic research serves reality。The core of today’s work on Beijing’s Central bet with bet365 World Heritage application is not just the commemoration of historical heritage，But use the method of "serving the past for the present"，Added the mindset of “using foreign materials for China”，The city’s yesterday、Concatenate today and tomorrow。If the central bet with bet365 of Beijing in reality is a geometric "linear" cultural heritage，Then beyond this，Hou Renzhi constructed another "central bet with bet365" with time as the bet with bet365，This is the "three milestones" construction of Beijing's central bet with bet365 proposed by Hou Renzhi。

The formation of the "Three Milestones" theory of Beijing's Central bet with bet365 has gone through three stages。

The first stage，It is the origin period of theory。The opportunity is the successful holding bet with bet365 1990 Beijing Asian Games，And the resulting construction bet with bet365 National Olympic Sports Center。Hour Renzhi first formally proposed the theory of "three milestones" at an academic lecture at the School of Architecture, Tsinghua University on May 14, 1991。

The second stage，It is the forming period of theory。The symbol is Hou Renzhi's article "On Three Milestones in Beijing Urban Planning and Construction" published in the 6th issue of "Urban Planning" in 1994，The article officially mentioned "three milestones" - the first milestone，That is, the construction bet with bet365 Forbidden City；The second milestone，It is the expansion of People’s Square in front of Tiananmen；The third milestone，After the 1990s，Construction bet with bet365 National Olympic Sports Center。

The third stage，It is the deepening period of theory。The opportunity is the promulgation of the "Beijing Urban Master Plan (2004-2020)"，Hou Renzhi hereby writes an article "On Three Milestones in Beijing Urban Planning"，The third milestone is expressed more specifically in the article than before，It is mentioned that "the public buildings in this area (the east and west sides of the northern extension of the central bet with bet365) have been completed as planned，It can truly be regarded as the third milestone in Beijing’s urban planning and construction”。

　The formulation of “three milestones”，Reflects Hou Renzhi’s observation of reality。In terms of academic theory，This is what he has always stood for，A successful practice and application of interdisciplinary theory on the central bet with bet365 of Beijing。The essence of the "three milestones" is the inheritance and development of the central bet with bet365，Just as he envisioned the further transformation of Beijing’s central bet with bet365 in 1973，said without expectation: "There will be something more majestic along this traditional central bet with bet365、A more spectacular vista appears。”

"Three milestones" reflect the historical process of continuous extension of Beijing's central bet with bet365。For the southern extension of the central bet with bet365，Hou Renzhi proposed three crucial nodes，i.e. center stage、Long Live Mountain、Tiananmen Square，They are the center of the central bet with bet365 at different times，It is the center of the city。The southward movement of the three centers，Not only reflects the dynamic process of the development of the central bet with bet365，And it has profound political and ideological implications，The center of Tainan is moved to Long Live Mountain，Reflects the replacement of the old feudal regime，After moving south from Long Live Mountain to Tiananmen Square，Reflects the value concept of people first。In this sense，The central bet with bet365 is nothing more than a timeline for the development of a nation’s destiny，True and vivid reflection of the epic process of independence and self-reliance of the Chinese nation。

Now，Beijing’s central bet with bet365 continues to extend in both north and south directions，This is the result of scientific planning，It is also inseparable from Hou Renzhi’s in-depth research and theoretical construction of Beijing’s central bet with bet365。Full of his love for Beijing’s urban construction, he wrote “I hope we’ll see”，See the truth early”，There are many large-scale cultural and sports buildings on the north-south extension of the central bet with bet365 today，A traditional and modern one、The inclusive and progressive city of Beijing has taken shape，The application for World Heritage along Beijing’s Central bet with bet365 has also entered the fast lane。All this，It should be enough to fulfill his long-cherished wish during his lifetime。

　　(This article is a phased result bet with bet365 Beijing Social Science Fund’s major project “Research on the Great Wall Cultural Belt” (18ZDA05))

(Author’s unit: School of History, Capital Normal University)