Feng Ding (1902-1983)，I used to use the pen name Baya。Zhejiang Ningbo Cicheng people，The famous Marxist philosopher in our party history、Educator。1921 Zhejiang Province Fourth Normal School (now Ningbo Middle School) Graduation，In 1925, I entered the Shanghai Business Press as an editor and correspondent for the correspondence department，Add to the Communist Party of China during this period。Study at Sun Yat -sen University, Moscow in 1927，After returning to China, I mainly engage in revolutionary propaganda work。The 1930s，Publications in Shanghai's "Self -study University", "Reading Life" and "National Weekly" published a large number of articles about the cultivation of young people's ideology，Participated in the "Popularization Movement of the New Philosophy" at the time and became the main general，Its Marxist ethics works "How to Cultivate Young" is repeatedly republished in Shanghai，Become one of the best -selling readings at the time。Later, engaged in the party's propaganda, education and cadre training in the New Fourth Army Military Department。1952，At that time, Feng Ding, deputy minister of the Propaganda Department of the East China Bureau of the Communist Party of China, wrote "Learn Mao Zedong's thoughts to master the personality of the bourgeoisie and fight with the bourgeoisie's thought -Reading a" Reading "Selected Extract of Mao Zedong". The leaders attach great importance，After published in Shanghai "Liberation Daily"，Soon the Party Central Committee、Mao Zedong’s affirmation，And requiring the whole party to learn，The idea of ​​avoiding the "left" in the theoretical industry at that time to avoid the "left" of the national bourgeoisie and the error of correction in actual work。In the winter of the same year，Feng Ding was transferred to Beijing。1957，It was named Mao Zedong from the Department of Philosophy from Mao Zedong to the Department of Philosophy of Peking University from the First Branch of the Marxist -Leninage Academy，Professor of Marxist Philosophy。Later, he also served as Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee of Peking University、Vice President and other positions。Feng Ding's writing is quite abundant，Representative works include "Ordinary Truth", "Communist Outlook on Life", "Life Talk"。Where，"Ordinary Truth" multiple reproire multiple times，Issuing 500,000 copies，Affected extensive，It is a rare Marxist philosophy popular reading.。

Feng Ding is the main founder of Chinese Marxist ethics、The main promoter of Marxist philosophy，and Aisic、Hu Rorbang，It is hailed as the Chineseization of Marxist philosophy、Popularization、Three important representatives of the era。Feng Ding's book is strong、It is easy to understand，Wide praise from young readers。Some scholars believe that Feng Ding's "Popular Philosophy Works has been launched earlier and achieved outstanding achievements"，Publicity and popularity in Marxist philosophy、China Marxist Ethics Creation、Soviet philosophical textbook changes made important contributions。This year is the 120th anniversary of Feng Ding's birthday，Study Feng Ding's theoretical contribution and publicity and education method，For the current effective promotion of Marxism、Popularization has important reference value。

　bet365 best casino games

Western philosophy、Chinese philosophical research and dissemination Peking University，Feng Ding is often called red professor。As a professor of philosophy of Marxist，He believes that he cannot just regard Marxist philosophy as ideology，It should be regarded as the truth of saving the country and saving the people and leading the people to a happy life。Looking back at the past，He once said: "We use books as beds，Knowledge is priceless，If we have a chance, we still have to read，Still bet365 Play online games studying learning，Still want to explore the truth。"Cultural Revolution" period，He resolutely oppose the extremely "left" thought，Do not blindly obey in adversity。He is unwilling to act as a chess piece in a political struggle，Resolutely not cooperate with Kang Sheng and others to criticize Yang Xianzhen's "combination and one" theory，The result was criticized。When organizing the book of philosophical teaching in the Department of Philosophy of Peking University，He pointed out that he cannot just emphasize "one division into two"，Instead, insist on the unity of opposition，By default, Yang Xianzhen’s "Unceramentation and One" theory。

Feng Ding pursues personality independence in his life。One sentence he often likes to say is "Life is attack"，Reflected the bone air and the will of the truth。He is not only on、Only solid academic style，There is a clearer reflection in the middle school political textbooks prepared by the Ministry of Education。He thinks，When referring to the discussion of classic writers，"Can't just use words and discourse，It is necessary to use history and reality to compare and criticize the words and deeds of revisionism，Pay attention to mastering the actual、Specific historical background，Discover information that the average person doesn't pay much attention，Enhanced the persuasion of the article "。

Feng Ding advocates academic contention and academic freedom，Considering criticism should also pay attention to the style，Cannot deduct the hat with partial or freely。This highlights his integrity and attitude with human beings。He pointed out in the article "Talking about the" Hundred Family Contention "": "Criticism must be reasonable first，Unreasonable has not yet been said，Learn to the other party，Say what principle is it violated，That is not in line with the party's policy, etc.。Criticism can quote classical authoritative works，But quoting still has your own experience，Instead of referenced the one or two principles and conclusions in classical authoritative works，No matter what time is these principles and conclusions、Location and what situation said。"So，From Feng Ding's view，Intellectuals should be responsible for awareness and rigorous academic attitude，Cannot engage in academic criticism at will，Not to be launched in the academic contention。

Feng Ding is sincerely criticizing the wrong thoughts，I also have the courage to start self -criticism。After the "Cultural Revolution" is over，"You Are Lighthouse" songwriter Jiu Ming (1918-1995) once contacted Feng Ding，Explain to it for the old affairs of the old affairs that was criticized decades ago。Jiu Ming said: "Feng Lao is very kind to me，Repeatedly saying that his light listening to people，I am wrong，Sorry me。"In order to help Jiu Mingping Anti -，Feng Ding also wrote a letter of apology for Jiu Ming。In the apology letter，Feng Dingchen wrote sincerely: "Looking back now，This is so hurried，Subjectively trustworthy people's words，It's really not too much。It is a rude work style! After decades of ups and downs，I can better understand the mood you are framed。"" "，I can use my personal name，Published the wrong handling of this incident，The purpose is to apologize to the author and the work;，Summary lessons of experience in implementing the party's literary and art policy，Considering the future work。"This apology is also published in" Guangming Daily "。So far，Jiu Ming and his "You Are Lighthouse" can formally rehabilitate。

Feng Ding's personality is relatively thick and gentle，Advocating academic criticism，But against the cruel struggle。He not only respects scholars in other disciplines，And think Western philosophy、Chinese philosophy plays an important role in promoting the development of Marxist philosophy。"Some classmates asked: What are the practical significance of learning the history of Chinese philosophy? Feng Ding said，Do not understand too much about actual significance，Human pursuit is colorful，Besides, from Bet365 lotto review the history of philosophy -including the development of Chinese philosophy，Learn from the experience of theoretical thinking，You can find clues that have been guided and developed and developed。"1957，Mao Zedong named Feng Ding at Peking University as a professor of Marxist philosophy。Not long after Feng Dinggang arrived at Peking University，Visit the old experts one by one，Listen to their thoughts。Feng Ding often talks about history and culture with the professors，From academic to academic to care for life，Talking tacit understanding、Very kind。Feng Ding and these professors have become good friends，They also often become the guests in Feng Ding's house。

　　A letter from the reader

After the "Cultural Revolution" is over，Feng Ding gets a rehabilitation，officially restored work。July 1980，A reader read Feng Ding’s book "Ordinary Truth"，Write a letter to Feng Ding。In the letter，The reader said that he was a young but no culture PLA soldier，In the 1950s, I started to literacy culture after joining the army。1955，The "amateur learning class" of his troops organized by the troops "，The main textbooks for the study class are "Ordinary Truth"，Since then。He said that when he started to read this book, he felt very difficult，About 80 % of the words do not know。Later，He asked others to read it for himself，Learn while listening to。Soon，This book deeply attracted him，He suddenly felt that the expression of this book was expressed in popular、The reason is easy to understand。So，He regards this book as a theoretical book，As a cultural textbook for literacy，Become a self -study textbook he consciously study。Where do he often go，Where to bring this book to，Always read it hungry。Later，His transfer to the public security front，I still read this book repeatedly。He said，"Ordinary Truth" not only enriches his basic knowledge of philosophy，and macroly on the public security business you are engaged in the public security business also has a great guiding role，Become him to deal with interpersonal relationships、Guide acupuncture of recognition of social history and life value selection。Later，This book is wrongly criticized。For the eyes of people，​​Tuck the cover of the book，I wrapped a book skin with the public security confession at the time，It is said to be a book of physiology or human anatomy。During the "Cultural Revolution" period，He will no longer borrow this book，I still insist on learning one to three hours a day。a、Deepen your philosophical knowledge; two、Make your own cultural knowledge level consolidate and improve; 3、Learn some rich languages ​​and vocabulary that I can’t speak at all。After thousands of hardships，This book is finally preserved，Others who have read this book also say good。With the continuous deepening of reading，His cultural level has also been consolidated and continued to improve。After the "Cultural Revolution" is over，"Ordinary Truth" finally sees the day，This book also accompanies him to spend 25 extraordinary spring and autumn。After the ups and downs，He has the relationship between life and death for this book。Later，He also sent this long -term read and damaged "Ordinary Truth" to Feng Ding。In the letter，He hopes that Feng Ding will send him a new version of、"Ordinary Truth" signed by the autograph。He said this is the glory of the family，can be kept as a memorial，You can also pass it to children，as a heirsbald treasure。Although the bookstore lined up, it was easy to buy a new book，But after Feng Ding saw the letter，Still mailing the reader's "Ordinary Truth"。

"Ordinary Truth" is Feng Ding’s main representative work，It is the crystallization of his efforts to engage in theoretical propaganda work，It has been regarded as "Communist ABC" with Chinese characteristics，It is hailed as the most widely circulated in the 1950s and 1960s、One of the most loved Marxist philosophy books for progressive youth。"Ordinary Truth" is deeper than ordinary popular reading，Have strong ideology，It is easier Bet365 lotto review to understand than ordinary academic works，Pay attention to theoretical contact actual situation，Comparison of grounding。At the same time，This book has strong logic，Inner logic that pays attention to objective truth is organic unity of the reader's thinking logic，Therefore, it is able to put ideological education and profound truth in the popular education and propaganda of philosophical theory。So，Its readers have both young students with certain knowledge reserves，There are also cadres who are engaged in actual work、Workers、Intellectuals and even ordinary people。"Ordinary Truth" has been published since 1955，A total of 11 times was printed，Total sales reached 500,000 copies，A broad impact of cadres and youth。At the time of Feng Ding's century,，Xing Yisi once published a post on the People's Daily: "" Ordinary Truth "was written in the late 1940s，Several reproacations in the 1950s。Although it is a popular philosophical work，But very exclusive，The prominent feature is close to actual、Close to life，No learning qi，Decent in content、Do not speak empty words，Text is vivid and lively、Optical easy to understand。"He also pointed out that his distinctive feature is" Breaking the mystery of philosophy，Connect the philosophy and the lives of the general public "" According to the understanding of Marxist philosophy，Combining dialectical materialism and historical materialism "" Break the tradition of dividing the world view and life view，Combining the world outlook with the outlook on life "。Visible，This evaluation is very high，It also interpreted the real reason why "Ordinary Truth" can walk into the masses and is deeply loved。

　　Letting philosophy endorses the public

Chinese early Marxist theoretical scholars generally pay attention to Marx's social history view，It also emphasizes the popularization of new philosophy、Popularization and practicality。So，Enlightenment Volkswagen，Make the new philosophy into their ideological weapons that they transform the old world，An important mission of becoming that generation of scholars。Feng Ding believes that Marxist philosophy is a new philosophy，Is Volkswagen Philosophy、Life Philosophy，This is also the fundamental difference of new and old philosophy，Marxist philosophy as a new philosophy is "ordinary truth"。"Ordinary Truth" is such a popular philosophical work，The mystery of the philosophy really breaks the mystery of philosophy。Let people who don’t understand can understand，Let people who understand can practice，It is an important mission of Feng Ding's propaganda and education of Marxist philosophy。For this，He resulted in revealing the mysterious veil of philosophy，The sacred "philosophy" in the hearts of the people is expressed in popular language as an ordinary truth。He pointed out: "High -limit Marxism = Maximum and Simple and Simple and Limited。""，Truth is inseparable from the daily life of the people，There is no truth that does not eat fireworks on earth。So，In the sense of education and propaganda，Philosophers must get out of the ivory tower，Popularized abstract philosophy concepts，The truth it discovered can be mastered and transformed into practice。

At the same time，He also emphasized: "Popularity does not mean reducing quality，Not flowing in vulgar，Instead, the scientific principles of philosophy，Use accuracy、Refining、Essence of understanding the language explains clearly。""，Marxist philosophy should be simple and popular in terms of expression、specific vivid，Try to use popular language，Less some scientific color and scholarship。In form，Feng Ding likes to adopt the expression method of dialogue and letter body，Frequent use of examples、For example、Comparison, etc.。In order to let Marxist philosophy truly enter the world of life，He studied around、Work、Class struggle、Personal cultivation、Marriage and Family、Women's liberation、Social inequality、Old China Political Bureau Dark、Publicity and education bet365 best casino games on topics that people care about by people such as labor and capital exploitation，Try to help the masses lift the confusion and pain of life，Add hope and strength。Visible，Feng Ding attaches great importance to the practice character of Marxist philosophy，Emphasize the practical application of philosophy。He emphasized: "Philosophy is a profound learning，But it is also a knowledge that is closely related to the actual life of the public "，The original intention of philosophical research is "Application of Philosophy in the practice of the public，Pay attention to practice "。

Let Marxism master the people，and become an important weapon for them to know the world and transform the world，It is an important mission of the Chinese Marxist。For this，He insists on the masses' views，See the degree of theoretical doctrine to meet the needs of the public as a test of the Volkswagen Testing Stone。From the effect,，"Pay attention to the application of philosophical practice" has greatly promoted the popularity of Marxism and popularization，The distance between the people and Marxist philosophy have been shortened，strengthened the confidence and consciousness of the people's learning and practicing Marxist philosophy。Feng Ding always studies and uses the theory with his own experience，Opposition to separate from actual、"Left" from the masses。Not only does he actively study and publicize Marxism，Still practicing and defending Marxism in work and life，Established an example for the young Marxist scholar。

Autumn 1932，Feng Ding returns to Shanghai，Maintenance of Russian teachers to maintain livelihood，Hidden identity at the same time。During this period，He participated in the activity of the "Chinese Social Scientist Alliance" (Social Federation) and "Zuo Lian"，The development of the popular movement of the new philosophy。He has used the pseudonym of "Beiye" in Shanghai's progress publication (such as "Reading Life", "Cultural Food", "Self -study University", "National Weekly", "Translation Weekly", etc.，Promote the popularization of Marxist philosophy to the majority of young people in popular language。1937，He also wrote the monograph "How to Cultivate Young" to guide youth moral cultivation。The book is the same as "The Outlook for Life of Life" by the young philosopher Hu Roller at the time、"Ideology and Methodology" written by Ai Siqi、"The Combat of Chinese Social Nature Issues" written by He Qianzhi、"Literature and Life" written by Hu Feng together，One version of the reprint，All have been included in "Youth Self -learning Series"，and became one of the best -selling readings at the time，It is also my country's early Marxist ethics monograph。

As a thinker，Feng Ding really feels the pulse of the times，I saw the contradictions of the times，Trying out the road of exploring the development of Chinese society for a lifetime。So，His research、The fundamental purpose of promoting Marxist philosophy，It is to solve the confusion of the people, especially the youth in theoretical depth of theory，Empathy for them、Poverty -stricken point ignite a bright lamp。New philosophy adheres to the mass line，Therefore, it provides a guarantee for truly theoretical connection。At the same time，New philosophy emphasizes that theoretical workers must go deep into the masses for in -depth research，It is necessary to analyze specific problems in theory，Therefore, the Chinese Marxist philosophy never leaves the activity of the masses，Specific problems without leaving China，Therefore, it is avoided with dogma errors。

　Leaders who are the educational education of young people

Feng Ding not only unifies the philosophy of learning with people，and unify the teaching and educating people。During the popularization of Marxism，Pay special attention to youth education guidance，Actively publicize the view of new life。He emphasized that youth should establish science、A positive outlook on life，Active accepting the leadership of communist outlook on life。From the 1930s，Feng Ding has published articles such as "Talking bet365 Play online games about the New Outlook of Life", "Issue of the current Period", "How to Cultivate Youth"，To solve the young people in the choice of life、Guide them to the road of revolution and firm revolutionary beliefs，Playing the role of propaganda。Start from the first book，Feng Ding set out to infiltrate Marxist positions and opinions to youth。"How to Cultivate Young" from solving the troubles and distress of youth，By revealing various contradictions in society and contradictions in youth life，Help young people understand the root cause of contradictions，Guide them to seek ways to resolve contradictions，Select the correct direction and the correct attitude of life，So as to the right life road，Make greater contributions to society。In "Ordinary Truth"，Feng Ding's life as a person's life leads to the problem of Marxist worldview，Proposal from practicing to understand the law，The conclusion of "wisdom is the understanding and compliance of truth"，and systematically explain the inherent unity of dialectical materialism and historical materialism，Help young people to establish a firm Marxist belief。

After the founding of New China，The "Ordinary Truth", "Communist Life", and "Life Talk" he wrote have had a wide and better influence among the majority of young people and cadres。The growth and doubt of youth，Feng Ding proposed two solutions。One，Strengthen the youth's spiritual cultivation，With the right position、Viewpoint、Methods to lead and guide youth。He not only revealed the deception and absurdity of the old outlook on life，Also against impetuous learning style，Encourage young people to lay a good theoretical foundation，You must apply the theoretical learned to practice，Do a good job of the popularity of philosophy among the masses。He teaches young people to have a wide range of knowledge，To achieve a special organic combination，This can choose to use "big words" or "small words" according to the knowledge level of the propaganda object。Its two，Education and guidance young people must have a strong career heart，A strong career can bring the value and meaning of the life of young people。He often combines the actual development of the youth's life，Make full use of youth language forms and youth thinking methods，Using multidisciplinary theoretical knowledge to explain abstract theory。During Peking University，He actively talks with classmates，Answer questions for students，Cultivated a large number of faith firm for the country、Communist successors with both virtue。Feng Ding insists on truth，Not only above、No book，Only real，Persist in telling the truth，"Heroes who do not review"。His humble，No shelf，Being open -minded。This academic attitude and character are also infected with the vast number of youths。​​He emphasizes the position of the masses，Make the arrangement logic of the work more suitable for readers' cognitive psychology，Based on the concept of life in the world view、Based on the historical concept，Therefore, the choice of life is reasonable。In terms of language expression，He often uses a way of talking to make the topic more attractive to young people，Demonstrate the approachable writing style。

　　Explore the popularization of Marxist philosophy

January 2020，General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in the Eskic Memorial Museum: "We need to be able to talk about the localization of Marxism like Aisica now。We want to spread Marxism，Can't follow the Propaganda Department、Seeking chapters，Volkswagen、Popularization。"Feng Ding is such a person who can localize Marxism and speak well。

Marxist theoretical propagandists must be good at improving the theoretical literacy of the people in the preaching。First, do a good job of interpretation of the basic concepts of theory，Grasp and open theoretical difficulties、Key points，Clarify the theoretical reasoning process and logical structure，Improve the abstract thinking ability of the masses。Ai Siqi、Feng Ding、The popular philosophy of bet365 live casino games Chen Weishi and others generally adopts from life to philosophy，Read logic from philosophy to society。Putting individual life、Need contradictions in the same society、The combination of difficulties caused the audience to think。Through the theoretical philosophical life，Philosophy of promoting the life of the audience。Second, do a good job of theoretical popularization work，Interpretation theory from the perspective of the masses，Use an example、For example、Comics、Picture、Video and other methods to image theoretical visualization，Finally improve the ability of the masses to inductive ability and interpretation of reasoning ability。While telling the sound and preaching，Improving the ability to connect the theory of the masses。For this，It is necessary to popularize Marxist philosophy，Stimulate the masses to think about the reality of philosophy，Comprehensively see and grasp the nature of social life from the philosophical theory and concept。

People will not forget Feng Ding。The Organization Department of Jiangbei District, Ningbo City is based on Fengding's hometown advantage，In -depth excavation of Feng Ding Marxist philosophy popular theoretical educational resources，Efforts to create a training base for the brand and party members and cadres of Feng Dingma philosophy。First，They planned and established the Fengding Memorial Hall，Demonstrate Feng Ding's "Attack Life" from Multidimensional，Stimulate the people of the hometown to enter the philosophy，Love truth，A firm believer in Marxism。Next，Carry out the "Closer Ma Zhe" youth party members and cadre rotation training series at the Fengding Memorial Museum。Invite experts to interpret Feng Ding's popular philosophy for young cadres，Constantly strengthen their political beliefs in the study and ideological tempering。The purpose is to make the majority of party members and cadres learn from Feng Ding's spirit，Feel the truth charm of Marxist philosophy，So as to establish Marxist outlook on life、Value。again，Create the theoretical innovation and talent training base of Marxist philosophy，Promote the latest era of Marxist theory，Let the Chineseization theory of Marxism really fly into ordinary people's homes。For example，Cooperation with the Party School of the Ningbo Municipal Party Committee，Implementing young Marxist training project。Cooperation to develop Marxist philosophy popularization、Popularization Course System。Invite experts and scholars to visit the museum、Lessons and evaluations，Promote the latest theoretical research results through discussions and exchanges。Last，"Politics with art"，"Use the strong belief in art"。To enhance the attraction of Marxist philosophy，Creating a series of stage play with Feng Ding's life experience and truth exploration、Drama、Poetry recitation。Not only organize party members and cadres to watch，Also go to college、Theater performance，Especially promoting young students and ordinary people，Expand Feng Ding's popularity and influence among contemporary youth。

　　(Mr. Feng Ding's second son Feng Song Che provides some reference materials for this writing，Illness thanks)

(Author Unit: Xi Jinping, Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University Base, Ningbo University Base of Socialist Socialist Thought with Chinese characteristics in the new era、Ningbo University Chinese Studies and Philosophy Research Center)