Hou Wailu (February 6, 1903 -September 14, 1987)，Former name Zhaolin，Also known as Yushu，庐 庐，Chinese Marxist historian、Ideological historian、Educator。One of the founders of Chinese Marxist history，and Guo Moruo、Fan Wenlan、翦 赞、Lu Zhenyu also known as "The Five Olds of Marxism History"。He is the pioneer and founder of Chinese ideological and historical disciplines，Created Houwai Lu School，Established a glorious model for the Sinicization of Marxist history，Has made a pioneering and outstanding contribution for the progress of contemporary Chinese history。1941-1942，He has completed two historic monographs at the same time，That is, "Chinese Classical Social History Theory" and "History of Ancient Chinese Thinking Theory"。"Chinese Classical Social History Theory" uses Marxist materialism history to demonstrate the particularity of Chinese slave society that is different from the West; "History of Ancient Chinese Thoughts Theory" analyzes the history of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period with Marxism. development of。Published in 1945。1946-1961，Hou Waulu collaborated on "The History of Chinese Thought"，This is the heaviest weight in the study of Chinese thought in Chinese history to date、The highest level、Most and most influential milestone -style works。

"Nationalization of Marxism History Science" is an important historical theory proposition proposed by Hou Waulu in his later years，It is also one of the "research principles and methods" summarized by his life -based research career in reflection and summing up his life.。From the perspective of the development of academic history，Dedicated "Nationalization of Marxism History Science"，Is the most typical feature of the Houwai Lu School、Unique embodiment，Represents the development direction of Chinese history。

　Bet365 app download

1920s，The theory of Hou Waulu Marxism is derived from the translation of the German version of "Capital"，The motivation of his translation of his translation originated from Li Dazhao’s ideological revelation。Hou Waulu thinks，"contact with Comrade Li Dazhao，Gas the fundamental change that made my thoughts "，I "I have a strong interest bet365 best casino games in the theory from him"。The "theory" here is a special refer to，is "Material History View"。Today，Li Dazhao's specific guidance for Hou Waulu，We can’t know，But follow Li Dazhao's "speculation".，We can still slightly see the clue of its establishment of "historical materialism"。

1919，Li Dazhao explicitly pointed out in "My Marxism"，We need to look at this "theory of the world's original movement" with a "speculative attitude"。The so -called "original movement" lies in "material"。Starting in October 1920，Li Dazhao at the Department of Economics at Peking University、Department of History、Students of the Department of Political Science Teaching "Material History View"，Personally edited "Materials History View Lecture"。February 1922，The first public speech organized by the Marxology Research Association of Peking University，Ask Li Dazhao to talk about "Marx's Economics"。Li Dazhao said，"Marx's doctrine is deep"，I really "dare not say what research on it"。"Everyone wants to study Marx's economics，But who can really study him very little。Not only does it really be able to study very little，Even the writing about him，I just saw it once，People like this can not find out。"He said，Fake time day，"If you can study Marx's doctrine after reading，This enables China to produce several in the future that can really understand the theory of Marx，It can really put some glory in China，This is my biggest hope "。He tells the audience，"Marx's masterpiece is" Capital Theory "，It must be "systematically studied"。

spring 1927，On the way to studying in France，Hou Waulu learned that Li Dazhao was killed by Zhang Zuolin, a warlord of Li Dazhao，His sorrow is strength，Finding the confidence of translating the German version of "Capital"，Determine to comfort Li Dazhao's heroic spirit with theory。

When translating "Capital Theory"，Hou Waulu got a deep understanding，"I got what I got from this great work，Not only in its theory，And in its superiority、Research method of no ancients。The theory of "Capital Theory" and the methodology embodied by "Capital" itself，It should be attached to it. ";" I personally have worked hard in words and sentences.，Only to understand the meaning of this ";" The research method focused in historical research，To a considerable extent, it depends on my understanding of the formation and development of the theory of materialism bet365 live casino games history。The reason why I always appreciate the rigorous academic academics of the Qianjia School，Modern research methods for Wangguo Weishi always respect for the Kingdom，but not as the tradition that is not trapped in the evidence，A very important reason，It lies in the methodology of "Capital" methodology to me "，"This strict methodology，It is really recognition -a prerequisite for social composition (not a social system) "。For the production method，Study on special production methods，Become an important entry point for research。

As the earliest person in China to explore the theory of Asian production methods，The self -confidence that supports its research concept stems from Hou Waulu's deep grasp of the concept of "production method"。The self -preface written by the selection of Houwailu History Paper for the end of his dying，There is such a paragraph that summarizes the principles and methods of his social history research。He pointed out，"Social History Research，Start with economics first "。"Historical sciences guided by historical materialism must not be able to start with research economics。I said this in "Social History Division": ‘in economics and history，The general composition of studying social development，Is a prerequisite question，No certain understanding in this area，If you have to make an error。'"" Research History，First of all, know the production method，Different from the production method to distinguish the economic composition of a society，Due to the production method determines the nature of social。Converse，If it is not applied to the theory and method of political economics，Study changes in productivity and production relations in a specific historical era, and changes in the production method caused by it，It is difficult to accurately determine the social nature of this era，Reveal the regularity of history，Historical research has lost the most basic scientific basis。”

Based on the above cognition，For production method，Hou Waulu has a special understanding: "Special (historically) production materials and special (historical) workers (force) special combination methods。Use the words in Marx's "Capital" to express，is ‘What is the social form of production，Labor and production materials have always been a factor in production。but，The two are only the factors of production in the case of separation of each bet365 live casino games other。Everyone wants to produce，It must be combined with them。Practice this special method and method of combining this kind of combination，Make social structures divided into different economic periods' ‘。Marx's then summarized the fundamental characteristics of capitalist society as a specific social form。”

　"Theoretical extension" and the exploration of special laws of social development

When translating "Capital Theory"、The preliminary system understands Marx's economic theory，Hou Waulu consciously abandon the "Chinese Social Nature Theory" of "Chinese Social Nature" (that is, "formula for formulas" and "dogma to dogma")，"Always take the 'objective' position to analyze the success and defeat of each family，I never rushed to express my opinion，So，I won a lot of time to explore my way "。Hou Waulu vowed secretly，Strive in the study of ancient history, "Do the theoretical extension of Marx on the Asian production method"，Reveal the origin of Chinese civilized society and its special path。

Hou Waulu with Engels' "Family、The Origin of Private Ownership and the State "is a blueprint，Explore the characteristics of Chinese civilization，In -depth study of the development of ancient Chinese society and its characteristics，and make "theoretical extension"。In a certain sense,，He and Engels are very similar，All are "work that I have failed to complete my dead friends"。

In fact，Engels’s works are inspired by Morgen，"Family、The Origin of Private Ownership and the State "benefited from Morgen's" Ancient Society "。In this sense，It is also one of the important sources of Marxism。Hou Waulu's "Chinese Classical Social History Theory" has become a masterpiece of the extension of the theory of the Asian production method。He tried to study the actual situation of the development of ancient Chinese society in depth，Prove Marx、Engels' hypothesis，and make further theoretical extension，At the same time, explore and study the scientific path of ancient China，Use the correct methodology to deal with the vast historical materials of ancient China。As far as the analysis framework is concerned，The two are consistent，All start from the clan，Analyze the different origins of civilization。Engels' discovery is，The basic criterion for transforming from clan society to civilized society is the establishment of "country"; Hou Waulu tries to start from two aspects: theory and text，Not sticking to Engels’s "Family、The Origin of Private and State "，Use bet365 live casino games the "Method of the History of Ancient Elderly" to explain the difficulties，Focus on the prerequisites for the establishment and development of ancient Chinese seals and urban countries、The relationship between cities and rural areas、How to achieve political rule and the change of the ancient Chinese social class and ideological changes under the production mode of Asian production。

"Chinese Classical Social History Theory" creatively proposed the "three principles" of ancient Chinese society research，It is determined that ancient China was the "Asian production method" as the dominated ancient times;，Strive for a unified study of combining Marxism with ancient Chinese historical materials; clarifying that "the ancient slavery experienced by various nations，There are different paths "。He explores the Asian production method，reveals the origin and its particularity of Chinese civilized society。

　　academic practice of "New Social Science"

From Hou Waulu's knowledge background and research experience，He has experienced the historical view of materialism，The transformation from social science to history。We can think so，His creative combination of historical research with social sciences。After translating "Capital Theory" in Houwailu，early 1939，He is based on the actual perception of the social nature of the Chinese society，Make deep academic history reflection，Published an article "Tradition of Chinese Academia and Current Academic Movement"。He first analyzed the characteristics of Chinese classical academic traditions。"Classical History of Chinese Academic，On the one hand, succumb to the feudal political domination，Give up the pursuit of truth knowledge，It is bound by the lane tools of the name of the Tibetan mountain; he leaves practicality，For academic tradition，Not only did not give up inheritance，and have done great efforts in the form of knowledge。The former is an obstacle to knowledge movement，The latter is the disconnection of the entire knowledge movement process and practical aspects。"" So，How can we change this "characteristics" in academic practice? Hou Waulu proposed，To through the "Development of the New Social Science Movement"，At present, it has entered the "deeper development stage"。Makes "higher in Chinese history research"，"From the kingdom to Guo Moruo，The bourgeois history of the country to the newly developed bet365 live casino games academic Chinese social history，For example, since the May 4th May 4th, the Chinese history theory learned the methodology of Asian production methodology，Is the development of the world's academic significance，At the same time is also the development of Chinese academic。This job still requires us to work hard "。We need to know，This "New Social Science is not only a‘ folk ’knowledge movement，And in the so -called ‘misunderstanding of the old economics around September 18，Its legacy of the truth about the truth of the new economics，Legal to the use of new economics and university education in high school and university education "。Hou Waulu emphasized，The practical significance of "New Social Science" lies in，Make "the combination of theoretical academic academics at this stage，Directly or indirectly makes the academic guidance of Sinicization into a practical guidance of social development "。

Today，We propose，"Leading with the historical view of materialism，Independent Knowledge System of Constructing the History of Chinese Thought "，It will undoubtedly include social sciences here。Dested，In the process of studying the history of Chinese thought，Hou Waulu has consciously carried out the practice of "New Social Science"。In the 1940s，His series of historical creations that focus on "Sinicization" and "Nationalization" — "History of Ancient Chinese Thought", "History of Ancient Chinese Social Society" and "History of Masting Chinese Thinking" and so on.。They gave birth to "History of Chinese Thought"，They are the inevitable products of the "deeper development stage" of the "New Social Science Movement"。We not only feel the power of speculation and theory，I also feel a strong sense of the times。This is a realm that is impossible to achieve at all in Chinese classical academics。"New Social Science" makes the study of Chinese ideology really survive，completely surpassed the traditional "carrying tool"。

Hou Waulu's historical research is theoretical，This aspect is due to the inevitable results of his combination of history and social sciences，On the other hand, he insists on the historical view of materialism、Specific embodiment of persistence of logic and history。The theoretical aspect of his research is mainly as methodology，This is not the so -called "the history of the discussion"，More cannot be mixed with "teachingism"。When he thought of his self -academic summary in his bet365 Play online games later years，He has been trying to put Marxist historical science "nationalization" in his life。He pointed out，"The so -called 'nationalization'，It is to put China's rich historical information，and Marxist historical sciences about the law of human society development, a unified study，Summarize the laws and historical characteristics of Chinese social development from it "。So，"Our Chinese scholars should learn to use their own language to explain their own history and trend，Learn to use new methods to dig out the fine cultural tradition of your own nation "。"The special path of the development of ancient society and the discussion of the characteristics of the development of ancient ideas，The excavation of the fine tradition of materialism in the history of Chinese thought and anti -sealing authentic thought，All the attempts I made in the process of exploring the nationalization of history and sciences "。

(The author is a special professor at the School of History of Beijing Normal University)