Executive Function can be conceptual into a series of advanced cognitive functions。It involves self -regulation of target -oriented behavior，and the effective organization and use of a large amount of information，Including attention control、Cognitive suppression、Inhibitory control、Basic cognitive processes such as work memory and cognitive flexibility。The execution function originated from the study of patients with damage to the prefrontal cortex layer of the brain。In recent years，With the continuous deepening of research，The execution function has become one of the most active areas of neurological psychology and development psychology。

The frontal lobe is the most important brain area of ​​the execution function，During the development of the brain，The frontal lobe is the most mature but first aging area。Already found out，Implementation (prefabrica) functional damage is an important factor in predicting the decline of the elderly。The execution function can be evaluated through the neurological test test and scoring scale。The former includes the category test (WCST)、connection test (TMT)、Drawing clock test (CDT)、Stroop color test (Stroop test)、Hanno Tower Test (ToH), etc.。The latter includes the quantity table (FAB)、Execution of functional behavior assessment table (Brief)、Simple mental state checklist (MMSE)、Montreal Cognitive Evaluation Table (MOCA), etc.。

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The aging of normal execution function is often accompanied by the changes in many structures and functions of the brain。In structure，Aging brain volume will decrease。Where，Ear -leaf cortex is the most affected，The decrease speed is faster than the temporal bet365 live casino games lobe、Lingle or pillow leaf。As you get older，The area with the most changes in the integrity of white and gray quality of the brain is also in the forehead。These changes in the volume of these brain have a non -linear change relationship with age during the entire life cycle，The related volume decrease rate accelerates with age。At a functional level，The elderly show "excessive" activation in some brain areas。The Harold Model of the Hemor Halway IOisher (Harold)，When performing the same cognitive operation，Compared with young people，The partiality of the forehead of the elderly is weakened。In the study of the age difference of work memory mission，Lee Annie found that the young people showed the left side of the frontal lobe on the left side of the forehead，Functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) shows that the forehead leaves of the elderly have significant activation。Moved forward from the back (PASA) model believes that when completing a certain cognitive task，A decrease in the pillow leaf activity of the elderly，Ear -leaf and top leaf activity increase。In neurological psychology test，Elderly people often show a longer response and higher error rate than young people。TREITZ (TREITZ) and other confirmation，The execution function is not a single cognitive structure，The execution function starts to decline sharply after the age of 60，Different executing functional ingredients have different trends in the process of normal aging。

　　Performing dysfunction is related to elderly diseases

Although the concept of executing function is first from case studies from patients with prefabaul lesions，But the neural network with a complete execution function not only includes the forehead leather，It also includes top leaf cortex、base section area、Hill brain and cerebellum。Any area in any area in these areas or damage to the neurotransal system will cause dysfunction。bet365 Play online games Therefore，In most neurodegenerative diseases and many other neurology、In psychiatric and systemic diseases，Symptoms of dysfunction will occur。

Alzheimer Disease，ad)，The most common neurodegenerative disease as an elderly person，Frequently accompanied by a variety of advanced cognitive functions (such as memory、Language、Visual Space Function、Execution function, etc.) Damage symptoms。Some scholars abroad through neurological tests and scattered tension imaging (DTI) technology testing，AD group execution function Test results decreased. The degree of changes in the white matter detected by DTI is significantly related，The health control group with considerable age has no obvious correlation。Sun Houliang and others through 40 patients with AD、30 cases of mild cognitive dysfunction，MCI) Patients and 40 healthy elderly people conduct neurological tests and find out，The test scores of the AD group are significantly lower than the health group，Mild cognitive dysfunction group score in most functional tests is also significantly lower than the health group。Yu Baocheng and others conducted a five -year follow -up study of 216 patients with mild cognitive dysfunction and 2302 executions.，The relative risk of the transformation of mild cognitive dysfunction group into AD is 8.1 times the normal group group。More and more evidence indicates，Perform dysfunction is common among AD patients，and have a good predictability to diagnose AD。

Parkinson ’s Disease，PD) is also a common disease of the elderly，Like AD, it belongs to the central nervous degenerative disease。PD Except cognitive disorder (execution function、Attention and work memory、Language、Memory and visual space disorders)，Also accompanied by sports delay、Static tremor、Symptoms such as muscle strength，and the symptoms of early exercise in PD are more significant than cognitive obstacles。Frozen gait is a common feature of Parkinson's bet365 live casino games disease，About one -third of patients in Parkinson's early disease have appeared frozen gait。Sue Lord and others during a simple or complicated (dual task during a period of time for PD patients、Dual cognitive、Multi -task) In the study of a walking task, I found it，In complex tasks，Gatient results decrease significantly。The decline in this performance is due to the interference of the cognitive tasks that need to be performed at the same time under complex conditions，Attention and execution functions related to sports functions explained 66%gait interference。Sarah Vercruysse and other confirmed in the multiple regression model，Execution function is an important predictive factors for freezing gait。Therefore，The International Sports Disease Association officially proposed to classify the Wisconsin Calcium Classification Test、London Tower Test、Language fluency test and drawing clock test and other execution functional evaluation tests as one of the diagnostic criteria for PD-MCI。

Rostamian (Rostamian) to find a 3.2 -year follow -up study of 3,926 people with dangerous people with heart vascular disease，Participants with a lowest functional performance of 1/3 compared with the highest 1/3 participants，The risk of coronary heart disease increased by 1.85 times，The risk of stroke increased by 1.51 times。This indicates that the execution function also has a good predictive effect on non -Alzheimer's elderly disease。

2018 Li Ning and others adopted an elderly depression amount、Simple mental state inspection (MMSE) as a survey indicator conducts epidemiological surveys of 8113 elderly people in 8 provinces or municipalities in 6 provinces in my country，The prevalence of old age depression is 15.9%(second only to Alzheimer's disease)，Among them, 36.4%of depression patients have mild cognitive dysfunction。Elderly depression has different types of depression syndrome，Many of them Bet365 lotto review have cognitive disorders，Sometimes it is difficult to distinguish it from dementia。Carol Dillon et al.、Symptoms of Nervous Symptoms and Daily Energy Power Table (DLA) Measure the depression group of different elderly depression，Significant differences in neural psychological test between depression group。Beck's depression table (BDI) and a simple mental state checklist (MMSE) are important variables that distinguish the depression group，and after the relief of depression in the elderly，Through the execution of dysfunction, you can also predict the recurrence of elderly depression to a certain extent。

　　Execution function intervention training

Studies from the fields of cognitive plasticity and nerve plasticity indicate，The execution function is gradually developing and changing in the life of a person，can be improved at any time。Therefore，Normal aging of the execution function with the growth and recession，Still the elderly execute dysfunction，You can get the corresponding improvement through intervention training。

One is dual task training。Many research reports point out，Double task training combining sports activities and cognitive training can help prevent or slow down the execution function of the elderly。Xiao Chunmei has been trained for 8 weeks of single -tasking and dual -tasks balance ability training for 36 healthy elderly people，Double task training to improve the balance ability of the elderly。Pedroso and others found，Expressing over time，Double task training improves the dual task performance of mild moderate dementia patients。Studies of neural imaging also displayed，During the dual mission activities，Increase in frontal leaf activity of the brain，Long -term training can effectively prevent brain degeneration。

The second is game training。In recent years，People are becoming more and more interested in video game training，It is believed that it is an effective way to enhance the cognition bet365 best casino games and nerve plasticity of the elderly。Pilar Toril (PILAR TORIL) for 20 items of meta -analysis on the elderly video game training，The trained healthy elderly people are more attention than the unless trained elderly、Mind and execution functions have significantly improved，game training improves the cognitive ability and physical skills required for the elderly's daily life。Wang Jing and others were found in the study of dysfunction intervention in the physical game KINECT Kinect，Intervention 4 weeks after 4 weeks，Both the gaming group and the conventional treatment group have improved，The effect of the intervention of the somatosensory game group is significantly better than the conventional treatment group。

Third is diet intervention。Study in a large -scale elderly intervention and disability in a large elderly in Finland (referred to as Finger Studies)，Test results of neurosteenology are flat or slightly lower than their peers, which are randomly divided into multi -field lifestyle intervention groups and control groups。After grouping，The intervention group accepted a 2 -year diet consultation、Physical exercise、Cognitive training and management of metabolic and vascular risk factors，The control group accepts regular health consultation。Discovery of the dietary testing and cognitive evaluation of the participants two years later，Diet intervention significantly improves the level of execution function of the elderly。instead of the control group or intervention group，Some healthy diet structures before participating in the study have good maintenance and improvement of the two years of overall cognitive level，Emphasized the importance of a healthy diet throughout the life cycle。

"World Population Outlook 2019" data show，my country is accelerating to enter an aging society，Good execution function is one of the important indicators of active aging。Therefore，Research on the aging bet365 Play online games and intervention mechanism of enhancement function，The level of improvement of the physical and mental health of the elderly、It is significant to promote the comprehensive and sustainable development of the cause of aging in my country。

　　(Author Unit: Department of Psychology at Yunnan Normal University; School of Education, Ningxia University)