Cultural exchanges between China and the West are far away，It has not been dropped after thousands of years。The area involved in the meter covers technology、Diet、Philosophy、Religious、Literature and other aspects。Chinese and Western cultural exchanges based on music as the medium, the same root deep leaves。In countries around the world，Always find similar or similar music tunes、Music shape、Performance methods and even music drama stories。Taking only musical instruments as an example。Chinese piano and western piano like a stringed instrument; Chinese bamboo flute and Western flute with a tube -like instrument; Chinese erhu and western violin in the same wiring instrument ... These instruments or appearances are the same or the performance methods。Among many of these instruments，Unique instrument is more special，That's the wind piano。For shape,，In Chinese musical instruments，It is difficult to have a musical instrument similar to it; as far as the performance method is concerned，No similar in Chinese instrument。Only in terms of vocalization，The fingertips are the same as the Sheng of China，The spring vibration qi instrument in the qi ring instrument。The current academic community generally believes that the principle of vocalization of Sheng is the origin of the birth of the piano，Therefore, there is a certain cause relationship between the two。From this，From the perspective of Chinese and Western music and cultural exchanges，Sheng's West Biography has spawned the birth of the accordion，bet365 live casino games The east of the accordion of the piano helps the spread of Western music in China。As two "Same" instruments，From the west of Sheng to the east of the accordion，After more than two centuries of communication journey。Hand -style piano as a medium for Chinese and Western music and cultural exchanges，is a witness of the interoperability of "Zhongle West Biography" and "Xile East"，It also contains the mutually literary absorption and transformation of the two。

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The instrument is a creative physical entity。The material carrier of the instrumental work，The birth of the instrument is an important medium for music to spread。According to literature records，As early as the 13th century's "Marco Polo Tour", information about Chinese music culture has been recorded。The Chinese instrument in Marco Polo is rich，reflected in its palace、Banquet、Marriage and funeral、Description of various activities such as war。With the re -opening of the Ming Dynasty shipping，In the early 16th century, restore business with Western European countries，The exchange of Chinese and Western culture has developed new development，At the same time, it has also promoted the spread of Chinese music culture to the Western world。At this time, the main medium of "Zhongle West Biography" is the missionary who has successively preached from the West in the West。Ming and Qing dynasties, including Matteo Ricci (China)、Ponter in Spain (Hua Hua in 1599)、Tang Ruowang in Germany (China has been in China in 1622)、Nan Huairen in Belgium (China in 1659)、Zhang Cheng of France (Hua Hua in 1686) and Bai Jin (China in 1686)、Xu Risheng of Portugal (China in 1672)、Derge (Hua in 1710) in Italy and Qiantming (Hua in 1751) in France。These missionaries who come to China from Western European countries，While preaching and spreading Western music culture Bet365 app download to China，It also passes China's music culture to Western countries。Sheng of China also introduced to the West through this way，Typical cases of becoming "Zhongle West Biography"。

As described above，The birth of the wind piano is based on the principle of vocalization of Chinese instrument Sheng。Scholars think，Sheng's reed priority is to Fengqin、lyric、The manufacturing and improvement of European spring instruments such as accord，There is a causal relationship in the two。This involves a key character -French missionary Qian Deming。Qian Deming stayed in China for 43 years (1750-1793)，proficient in Manchu、Chinese，Interested in Chinese music，Literature on extensive collection of Chinese music、music scores and instrument samples，and translate and write some related works。Qian Deming originally hoped to contact the Chinese scholar -istic class through music，But he accepted the Chinese literati's saying on Chinese and Western aesthetic differences，Then concentrate on studying Chinese music，Translated Li Guangdi's "The Biography of the Gule Scripture" with French，Write works such as "Chinese Ancient and Modern Music Examinations"，Introduce eight Chinese musical instruments with traditional Chinese classification methods，History of each representative instrument、production and usage have detailed explanations。According to the literature record，Qian Deming brought Chinese Sheng back to France in 1777，Make Sheng the most popular Chinese instrument in Europe later。Western instrument makers created the reed of the wind piano according to Sheng's pronunciation principle，and further create a piano、History instruments such as piano and accordion。

There is a description in the "Music Order Code" edited by Chen Jianhua: "1822，Bushman invented bet365 best casino games the accordion，This kind of accordion quickly spread to Austria。1829，Bushman's accordion in Vienna has been improved by Austrian Demian，added the accompaniment chord button and officially named it as a accordion。For this reason, I got the invention patent right。After 1830，Especially in Europe, especially France、Belgian accordion is widely popular。"From this we can know，As an important musical instrument in the first half of the 19th century, it has been a household name in Western countries。

"The theoretical foundation of the accordion" edited by Yu Bing (2008 edition of Henan University Press) records: "After the Opium War in 1840，A large number of businessmen and missionaries have poured into China，Music activities related to accordion piano began to sprout in the late 19th century and early 20th century。After ‘Repair Movement’，New schools in China generally carried out ‘Lege Class’。After 1902，The rise of ‘school music song’，Make the accordion as a accompaniment instrument for the music class for primary and secondary school students。""，The wind piano has been continuously and extensive in the development process of Western music culture in China for the continuous absorption and reference of Western music culture，and to a certain extent, it has promoted the development of modern Chinese music culture。

　　Mutual literature in Chinese and Western music and cultural exchanges

The term "mutual literature" has been proposed since the 1960s，Quickly attracted attention from the western academic community，"Become one of the most frequently used terms in contemporary literature theory and cultural research" (Wang Jin: "Mutual Literature"，Guangxi Normal University Press, 2005 edition)。

The phenomenon of "Zhongle West Biography" of Music is the history of Chinese music、General Phenomenon in the history of Chinese and Western music and bet365 live casino games cultural exchanges，It is a typical state of Chinese and Western cultural exchanges。yuan、Ming、The three generations of the Qing Dynasty are the heyday of "Zhongle West Biography"。Chinese music at that time as a cultural symbol，Exchanges with Chinese and Western cultures far broadcast European countries，and attract attention。Similar to the phenomenon of Chinese Shengxi also includes opera and folk songs，Such as the Chinese opera "Zhao's Orphan" that was introduced into Europe in the 18th century; the Chinese folk song "Flowers", "Mother Wang", "Mother's Understanding", "Twelve Heavy Tower", which was introduced into Europe in the 19th century The track is included in the book "Chinese Music" written by Ali)。Chinese music has a distinctive era symbiosis，There was a specific interconnection with Chinese culture at that time。Western countries are paying attention to Chinese music at the time，I also feel the meaning of Chinese culture。This mutual literature makes Chinese music a reflection of Chinese culture at that time、A mirror of the Chinese spirit，You can feel the unique social culture at that time。Interconnection of Chinese Music and Chinese Culture，Make Western countries feel Chinese -specific music cultural characteristics in a specific historical period，It has also become a portrayal of Chinese cultural specific historical period。

After the Opium War in 1840，The introduction of Western musical instruments、Use and popular，Make Western Music Spectrum、Western music and even western musical instruments are gradually emerging in China。Zuo Furong mentioned in the "History of Beijing Cultural Exchange": "Playing folk music and opera with Fengqin has also become a momentary fashion，In 1915, some people already used notation to record opera and folk articles music，Make it suitable for Fengqin playing。Wide bet365 live casino games use of Fengqin also brings the prosperity of Fengqin manufacturing，There have been several Fengqin Factory in Beijing。"and Western music educational concepts，It has also spawned the music education of the Chinese New School of China from the end of the Qing Dynasty，and "Lege" lesson in these new schools。Whether it is Western instrument、Bookmark、songs, etc.，The transmission carrier of Western music culture at that time，It is also the cultural symbol of the historical phenomenon of "Xile East" and the phenomenon of music communication。

The birth and dissemination of the wind piano is a micro -case of the phenomenon of "Zhongle West Biography" and "Xile East" phenomenon，reflects the macro historical facts of "China Music West Biography" and "West Le East" in the history of Chinese and Western music and cultural exchanges。Huang Hanhua mentioned in his article "Discussion on Music Mutual Questions": "Mutual theory introduces our horizons into a historical field of historical horizons that staggered text networks，Regardless of the constructor of the text、The recipient or an interpreter，Their construction activity、Receive activities and interpretation activities are not isolated、closed，but associated、Open，They constructed、Acceptable、The text explained，None of the interlaced text networks with long -term staggered and common syunchers。"" Mutual Literature "theory interprets" Zhongle West Biography "and" Xile East "，combines "micro" and "macro"，Re -examine the history of "static" from a "dynamic" perspective，It is based on the current observation of the past。This concept not only helps to clarify the historical phenomenon of "Zhongle West Biography" and "Xile East"，It helps to grasp the relationship between ancient and modern Chinese and Western music and cultural exchanges as a whole。

　　(This article is the "Research on the History of the Development of Modern Modern Handicap Piano Art" (17ysd006) phased achievement of the Jiangsu Social Science Foundation Project)

(Author Unit: School of Music at Nanjing Normal University)