Affected by the thought of humanism (Humanism)，In modern times, people have been regarded as the ability to be exclusive to human beings，and will be conscious、Human attributes such as intentional and free will as a prerequisite for motion。So，Agent and material are often regarded as two opposite concepts，The former means the ability of a subject to make independent choices and action，The latter is more equivalent to the domination of the subject、Intervention、Objects of control and transformation。The dual opposition between this non -human material and human beings，Preset of a human centerism，It has also become a default concept in modern social sciences。Many sociologists such as Anthony Gedenus thinks，Only human individuals have real energy。But，For the past thirty years，System of Social Sciences and Humanities Reflection on Human Centerism，The research on non -human beings or material agent (Material Agency) has gradually become a trend。This trend can be traced back to two main clues，First, the study of the active role of African human beings in scientific practice in science studies; second is the concern of how artificial products affect human society and cultural forms in anthropology and archeology。

In order to overcome the neglect of the material factors in scientific practice of scientific knowledge (SSK)，Post-SSK post-scientific knowledge sociology (POST-SSK) oppositions treats scientific knowledge only as the construction Bet365 lotto review of society and culture，Reinstalling the instrument in the scientific practice process、Equipment、The positive role of material factors such as research objects。Latur、Caron and Lao jointly developed an actor network theory (ANT)，Think that people and things together constitute a mobile network，Sociology research should not only focus on humans and their activities，should pay attention、Winding and conversion。Mainly through Latur's job，Ant has a huge and comprehensive impact in humanities and social sciences。Latur's research on the laboratory，Note that in the explanation of scientific knowledge production，Pure society has hegemonic rights that override to nature。In his opinion，Nature and society originally existed in the form of a hybrid or integrated object，Just through a purification strategy，This original hybrid body is gradually defined as a clear -border subject and object，Finally present the opposite landscape of people and things。Latur tried to use this description of this body theory，The demonstration action and energy are symmetrically distributed in humans and things，The entities in all participants in the Internet have the same importance，This has eliminated the priority of human actors to non -human actors。In addition to ANT，Picklin and Balad and others in the field of scientific theory have also developed their own theory of material dynamics。Pixor is based on research on high -energy physics research and practice，Point out in scientific practice，Human moving and material movement in two -way and instantaneous ways in parallel and interweave。Although scientists are Bet365 app download actively making machines，However, it is how to watch the material with the machine being captured by the machine.。If the constructor of human beings effectively captures the non -human beings in the expectation，Model scheme will be adopted; if not，The model will be corrected by human beings。Here，Scientific practice is described as suddenly emerging in interaction between human and non -human capacity。After ANT and Pixor，Barad's philosophical interpretation of quantum mechanics，Once again, it emphasizes the relationship between material energy and its relationship with human energy。Bald's proposed a kind of active realism，It pays attention to the winding relationship between material and discourse。In her opinion，Regardless of material or discourse，All are not autonomous existence，Instead, it exists as a material，That is，The two do not exist as the object of each other，Instead, it is entangled with each other as an inherent activity。Based on this ontology，You can define the dynamic dynamics as a attribute of the relationship between people and objects，instead of thinking that it only comes from human intentions。

Another clue of the study of material motivation research comes from material culture research in anthropology and archaeological disciplines。This clue may be the earliest way back to the methodology of the methodology proposed by anthropologist Apadulei (Methodology Fetishism)。He uses this concept to explain the social life of things，and try to find the spirit in the material of the material。What really opens the physical dynamics research wave is art anthropologist Gael，He no longer pays Bet365 lotto review attention to the symbols and meaning of art works，I no longer think of it as a coding of some concept，It is considered that art works should be regarded as an action system，That is，Art objects can be regarded as equivalent of people，Action as a ability in the social process。But Gal also believes that art objects and products are not the first ability of the first sex，but the secondary capability of the second sex，That is，They do not have energy，but just an intermediary with human beings。But，Archaeologists who later emphasized material motivation，For example, Olson, Witmo and others，Beginning more and more emphasis on the symmetry of human beings and non -human capacity。They advocate，It can no longer just regard material culture as an appliance or representation of human culture，On the contrary，Human and things are symmetrically wrapped with each other，There are various capabilities including people and things，We should move、Purpose and strength is attributed to more capables than human actors。

In recent years，Some archaeologists began to introduce extended psychological questions in cognitive sciences，The theory of further developing material energy motion。Extending the topic of spiritual soul advocates that our cognition and mind are not limited to the brain，Instead, it has extended to such as a notepad、mobile phone and other cognitive tools。Boyvin therefore believes that the mind should be regarded as a body、Material，Re -integrated the material into the thinking of the mind and meaning，In particular, pay attention to the physical attributes of material。For example，The intervention of soil during the Neolithic period has bet365 Play online games cultivated material culture such as containers and houses，These changes have cultivated the form of new society and ritual interaction。The more well -known material dynamics theory in recent years is the theory of material intervention that Malafrez proposed (Material English)，It is committed to bringing materialism into the thinking of the cognitive process，Re -developing people and things、mind and body、complementarity between material and culture，Focus on examining material objects between human individuals、Use and status in the intermediary process between humans and the environment。Marafred believes that material intervention involves a soul from the brain、The synergy process emerging from the body and things，Therefore, cognition must be regarded as extension、generated、、distributed、The intermediary and the situation，That is，In the ontology，Mind and Cognition cannot be separated from our actions in the world。Marafred will bring this understanding of the soul into the inquiry of energy，He believes that as other dimensions of human souls，Energy movement and intent should be understood as distribution、Phenomenon of and interacting，instead of experience as the subject。He uses pottery to make a potter、The interaction of pottery tools and clay as an example，Explain that the soil on the turntable of the potter should not be regarded as an external negative object of the intention of the pottery to make the potter，It should be regarded as a functional group score of the intentional characteristics of the experience of pottery -making。

Two material energy dynamic research clues summarized bet365 best casino games above，Actually it belongs to the important part of the material steering (Material Turn) in contemporary humanities and social sciences。Material shift subverts the social construction theory and conceptual tradition that has gradually occupied the dominant position in the 1960s，The latter either puts material、Real and truth is regarded as human thought、The results of practice or cultural construction，Either the material entity is regarded as a text，You can read human thought、Belief and Belief。Under the influence of material steering，Material is no longer regarded as a symbol、Dialogue and meaning empty container，On the contrary，The indelible materiality of the object itself begins to be placed in the center of analysis。This is a wide -span ideological trend in the past three decades，In philosophy (Realism of Surprising、New Materialism)、Cultural Research (post -humanism)、Literature Critic (theory of things、Material ecological criticism)、Anthropology (Anthropology of ontology)、Geography (Miscellaneous Geography) and other fields are reflected。They jointly show a trend，The focus we will pay attention to now is from language、discourse、Text、Society、Culture、symbol、Form、The main body and other fields turned to material、entity、Real、Natural、material、Non -human and object，and tend to discover its positive internal texture and energy from the latter。This is the fundamental conversion of a research field and even the world view，It brought a radical paradigm change to the entire humanities and social sciences。

(This article is the "Research on the Modern Energy Dynamics in the Bet365 app download Soul" (GD16XZX03) phase results)

(Author Unit: Institute of Science, Technology and Social Research, South China Normal University)