As the top economic power in the European continent，Germany has both Bonn University、Burger University、Hedorburg University、Munich University and other first -class universities，There is the Hamhitz Federation、Laibniz Science Federation、Flaunhov Association、Max Planck Scientific Promotion Society and other scientific research institutions in the field of innovation，And Bayer Company、Volkswagen、Siemens Co., Ltd. and many other world -renowned enterprises and many small and medium -sized enterprises。The cooperation atmosphere of these institutions and enterprises is strong，Their cooperation improves the benefits of enterprises and relevant institutions，Improving the atmosphere of social innovation，It also continuously transports creativity and talents for all walks of life。At the same time，Scientific and technological progress has also prompted German companies to be more urgent to cooperate with universities and scientific research institutions，This further promotes the development of industry -university -research collaboration。

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German university、There are two main types of routine ways for scientific research institutions and enterprises to cooperate with industry -university -research collaboration: one is cooperative research and development，That is college、Scientific research institutions and enterprises through the establishment of an industrial science and technology park or innovative cluster，Carry out joint research and other practical activities; the other is order -based development，Enterprise as the project commissioner or funded party，Adding college or scientific research institutions as the undertaking carrier of scientific and technological innovation projects，Give full play to the specialty of the main body of the industry and research and research to conduct cooperative research and Bet365 app download development。In addition，There is still a relatively close informal connection between the main body of industry -university -research collaboration in Germany，Many industry -university -research collaboration projects are promoted by individuals or groups。

In Germany，More than 1/3 companies are willing to incorporate colleges and scientific research institutions into their research and development innovation activities，Dispel inspiration from different subjects through various ways。At the same time，Enterprises will provide certain R & D expenses for universities and scientific research institutions，To support multi -party collaborative cooperation and innovation，Forming college、Enterprise、Better Circles of Industry, Studies and Research Cooperation between scientific research institutions。Some German companies have their own laboratory，80%of large enterprises are equipped with research institutions related to their business，And most SMEs use the establishment of an industry alliance or establish an innovative cluster to jointly develop，Maximize the benefits of cooperation。Enterprise and college、R & D cooperation between scientific research institutions is mutually beneficial。One aspect，Enterprises provide paid internships for students or researchers、Professional training、Business guidance, etc.; On the other hand，Enterprise employment students as employees，You can obtain tax reduction and exemption to a certain extent，At the same time, accumulate reserve talents and share the vitality and motivation they brought by。

Many German universities have set up an innovation and entrepreneurial center、Industry -University -Research Incubator、Innovation technology platform or technology innovation park，To promote the development of innovation and entrepreneurs，Practice of production, university -research collaboration。In this regard，Universities can often get local companies、Support of other research institutions and social forces。The forms and venues of industry -university -research collaboration practice in German universities are rich and diverse，Students can participate in various learning and practical activities，and teacher、Employees and researchers bet365 Play online games often integrate a variety of characters in one body，You can participate in all aspects of industry -university -research collaboration。

　　Various forms of cooperation in industry -university -research collaboration

The 2070s，At that time, the West German university established a system of entrepreneurial education professors，Open the road of industry -university -research collaboration on all parties。After that，The German government promulgated many policy documents，To promote、Standardize the cooperation between the main body of industry, university and research and related practical activities。July 2010，The German cabinet passed the "2020 High -tech Strategy" formulated by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research，Clarifying the fields that Germany needs focus，and advocate strengthening universities、Communication between non -university research institutions and enterprises，To the market、Social and end users promote innovation research results; at the same time, launch the "Research Campus" project，Provide funding for industry -university -research collaborative practice activities。2014，Germany promulgated the third edition of "New High -tech Strategy"，In the "Cooperative Innovation and Technical Transfer" plan，Emphasize the need to strengthen the industry -university -research collaboration around universities。2018，The German Council issued a report entitled "Research Institutions to Development of Regional Cooperation"，Report from research、Teaching、Achievement conversion、Scientific research infrastructure and other dimensions，Emphasizing German scientific research institutions should actively participate in regional collaboration，Establish a closer contact among scientific researchers，At the same time, strengthen the cooperation between research institutions and other industry -university -research subjects，Actively promote the transformation of scientific research results and the construction of scientific research infrastructure。September of the same year，The German Federal Government issued "High -tech Strategy 2025"，It aims to promote scientific research and innovation，Improve the core competitiveness of Germany，Guaranteed sustainable development; and indicating that the Bet365 lotto review implementation of the strategy requires academic circles、The main body of the industry and other industry -university -research entities work together。

Germany is one of the earliest countries in the world to carry out vocational education，At the same time, it is also a country that closely integrates classroom knowledge and extra -curricular practice。With the improvement of its education system and the development of industry -university -research practice，Universities in Germany have gradually differentiated into comprehensive universities、Entrepreneurship University、Four categories of the University of Applied Technology and Dual University。

Comprehensive universities seemed to be in scientific basic theoretical research.，Focus on innovation and entrepreneurial education and business models in terms of industry -university -research collaboration practice，More committed to promoting students to deepen theoretical learning and research。Entrepreneurship universities are mostly transformed from research universities，Regulates the operation of the school in accordance with the organizational structure and operation process of the enterprise，At the same time, a limited liability company or an independent derivative company affiliated to the school，allow students to experience the processes and standards of the industry in the school。Such as Munich University of Technology，Not only the establishment of "Munich University of Technology Venture Co., Ltd."，It has also established a public welfare enterprise under the company、Entrepreneurship Project Company and Fund Management Company，Cooperation with the industry through many projects，Drive a new round of industry -university -research collaborative practice。other，Munich University of Technology also established a new founding business incubation base，Establish an intellectual property center，and create a high -tech manufacturing workshop of 1500 square meters，Provide entrepreneurial space and innovation network for teachers and students，Support innovation and entrepreneurial activities in the school。Aachen University of Technology is a entrepreneurial bet365 Play online games university known for its "innovative cluster" development model，The school established a entrepreneurial cluster、Incubator、Derivative Company、Accelerated workshop and other infrastructure，Combined with other research institutions and many enterprises to carry out practical activities of industry -university -research collaboration，Cooperate with the Aachen Chamber of Commerce and Aachen Savings Bank to establish a corporate incubator，The "Aachen Institute of Technology Park Co., Ltd." jointly established "Aachen University of Technology Park"，Help the development of the research collaboration project in the school。

The University of Applied Technology is practiced，Training through communication、School -enterprise cooperation、Joint training and other methods to help students get a skill long，Create applied talents needed for German society。University of Applied Technology through the establishment of a school -enterprise cooperation center or establishing a campus incubator，Provide a platform for students to participate in social practice，Ru Berlin Humboldt University self -raised funds established an entrepreneurial service company，High -tech Industrial Park、Yuriji Research Center、Berlin Public Development Bank established cooperative relations; Stuttgart University and many well -known companies conduct scientific research cooperation，In -depth participation in the car parts research and development project in its area; campus incubator set up by Berlin University of Technology，It aims to promote knowledge conversion，Transforming high -quality R & D results into realistic feasibility landing plans。Enterprises can also establish an innovative cluster or set up a science and technology industrial park，Students from attracting the University of Applied Technology to exchange internship，hiring university teachers as part -time consultants provide practical suggestions for the operation of the enterprise，Promoting the development of cooperative practice of production, research and research。For example，In order to overcome the disadvantage of the geographical position Bet365 app download is relatively remote，Adlerhov High -tech Industrial Park through a supporting laboratory and complete living facilities，Attract the University of Berlin from cooperation with it，and become one of the most successful high -tech industrial parks in Germany。

Dual -Metomical University's industry -university -research combination is the highest，Whether students can enter dual -system universities are not determined by colleges and universities，and the enterprise decides its assessment conditions、Screening procedure and qualifying for qualification，Enterprises also sign the employment contract with the admitted students and pay the corresponding remuneration。In about three years，Students must conduct theoretical knowledge learning and practical training at universities and enterprises，Generally rotation every three months。The university will equip students with senior teachers，Professor Introduction Course and Knowledge，Enterprises provide professional guidance，Cultivate students' interdisciplinary applications、Multi -person collaboration and resource scheduling ability。If the headquarters is located in the Baden Fu Tengbao Dual Applied Technology University in Baden, Germany, Baden -Vatteberg,，Not only created a new form of industry -university -research collaboration，promoted deep integration of industry -university -research collaborative subjects，Also maintains a higher employment rate and satisfaction，He has sent many talents with deep theoretical literacy and rich practical experience to the society，Cultivated many corporate executives。other，The school also conducts scientific research cooperation with many large and medium -sized enterprises in the state，and set up a scientific research support center，Provide consultation and services for the transformation of scientific project cooperation and scientific research achievements，Continue to support the integration of production, university and research integration and development。

　　(This article is the major topic of the Ministry of Education and Social Sciences, "Research on the Reform of my country's Science and Technology Evaluation System in the New Era" (19JZD025) phased achievement)

(Author Unit: School of Public Management, South China University of Technology)