Newspapers in the 19th century China became a new media for rapid development，The way of receiving knowledge and information in Chinese society has developed huge changes and influences，English newspapers published Chinese literature translation article is an important channel for Westerners to understand Chinese society and Chinese in the 19th century。Chinese literature works are widely spread in the exotic form in the form of books，This is undoubtedly a new life of the original text。

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According to incomplete statistics，More than 15 English newspapers in the 19th century involved Chinese literature translation activities，Among them, the more influential is the Asian Magazine (1816-1845)、"Search in India" (1817-1822)、"China Cong Bao" (1832-1851)、"Beihua Jie News" (1850-1941)、"Royal Asian Cultural Association Beihua Branch Association" (1858-1947)、"Sino -Japanese Explanation" (1863-1865)、"Education Magazine" (1867-1941)、"Far East" magazine (1870-1878)、"China Review" (1872-1901)。Take novel as an example，Chinese classical novels translated by English newspapers and periodicals accounted for 70%of the purpose of all foreign novels，reach 52 species，Some works have been translated to Western countries for the first time。The representative of "Chinese Sinology" "Chinese Review" translated 23 Chinese classical novels，In modern English newspapers, the most translated Chinese classical novels、The most complete type of the type。In addition to "Yu Jiao Li", "Good Biography", "Liao Zhai Zhi Yi", "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Eastern Zhou Dynasty", five kinds of novels that have been published in other newspapers Bet365 lotto review and periodicals，"Dang Kou Zhi", "Fan Makeup Tower", "Four Travels", "Mirror Flowers", "Linger News", "Swordsman Guangji", "Mu Tianzi Biography" and other works are the first time through "China Review" translated. To the English world。

Translators of these literary works，Not only Mariezon、Metus、Wei San Fei、Guo Shira、Ai Joseph and other missionaries，There is also Dezi Shi、Mei Huili、Watts、Zhuang Yanling、Zhai Lisi and other diplomats or businessmen。Although they have different purposes and pursuits when they translate the work，But objectively promoted the spread of Chinese literature in the English world。other，Compared with books，Published newspapers and periodicals that are published regularly can continue to strengthen the literary theme content that I want to translate，Help Sinologists conduct in -depth inquiry and explanation of the same topic，And the scope of the publication is wide，Expand the spread of knowledge and information。

　The characteristics of English newspapers translated Chinese literature

According to the relevant English newspapers and periodicals, the corpus analysis of Chinese literature，We can summarize the following features。

One is the style of style、Number of quantities。On the whole，Chinese literature translated by newspapers and periodicals focuses on worldly works，With novels as the main body，At the same time, it involves poetry、Prose、Drama、Folk Literature (Myth and Legend、folk songs), etc.，There are both classical Chinese and words or vernacular words。Among them, the evaluation and research on the novel are more in -depth，Not only improves the status of the novel，Also clarified the classification of the novel，History of historical romance、Gods and Demon Monster、Talent Beauty、Division of the subject matter such as the public case，The great development of the literary innovation movement and translation novels in bet365 live casino games the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China has developed a positive promotion role。

The second is the theme concentration、Flexible method。The newspapers and periodicals are flexible due to their column、Publishing cycle short、Strong features and other features，For column settings, you can set it because of the text，or published on a long -term publishing of Changwen，It is convenient for continuous discussion on the same problem。For example, "China Review" was serialized by Chinese mythology "Selection of Chinese Mythology" (Scraps from Chinese Mythology），The Ming Dynasty God's Novel "Four Travels" ("Traveling from the East", "Journey to the West", "Journey to the West", "Journey to the North") is more fully translated to the English world; at the same time，The original text of "Nanyou" as needs to be divided into 36 small stories and serialized 5 times，Strengthen the theme of translation。

Third is the interaction between translation and comments。Translator -Editor -Reader Three -Party Interactive is the most advantageous place for newspapers as the medium。There are different presentations in the specific form，First，Translators add preface，Expand dialogue with the original author，or add annotation to supplementary background information in the text or comment to clarify the motivation and standards of the selected works，or the author and main content of the translated work，or comment on the literary nature of the work，The translation and research of the fusion of works。Next，Multi -person publishing relatively independent literary research papers，Thinking and discussions on a certain theme。Taking Chinese novel classification as an example，Alfred Lister、Ding Yihua (E. W.thwing) and Mei Huili (W. F. Mayers) and others have a more in -depth discussion。In the English translation of the word "novel"，Romance，bet365 live casino games Tale，NOVEL and other translations，Reflected the understanding of the complexity of Chinese novels in the 19th century。In the specific classification of novels，There are different opinions in the West。Liszt divides novels into historical novels (Historial Romance) and Tale of Everyday Demo，Ding Yihua divided it into historical novels and love novels (Romances)，and Mei Huili's classification is more detailed。again，Different newspapers often publish different translations of the same literary works or evaluation of translations，Provide readers with multi -angle understanding，Expand reading fun。Take "Good Biography" as an example，Liszt believes that the book is ignorant，Demo Shi and others spend energy to translate.，But in the same period of the newspapers and periodicals of Bonai, they posted a post on the translation of "Good Biography"，It is believed that the language of the book is vulgar conducive to Chinese learning，and the characters are vividly shaped;，Analysis of the translation of Pasi and Demon Time，Focus on discussing the positive role of the translation of F.W.baller's "Good Biography" for Chinese learning。Last，Literary translation standards、Discussion on the strategy method，Promoting the development of Chinese literature translation。For example，Listel's loyalty from translation、The flexibility of the expression of the language of the translation, etc.，I believe that the translation must be loyal to the original text but not sticking to the original text，The language of the translation must be popular but cannot be rude，This translation can be lively。Bo Naiye emphasized that the translation is not only a language conversion，More importantly, to achieve the effect of the original text，The degree of loyalty to the original work of the translation。Zhai Lisi takes the word "dream" bet365 Play online games in the translation of "Dream of Red Mansions" as an example，Discuss the translation of the title of the title，I think the title of the book is a metaphor，It is inaccurate，No reflection of the "prosperity dream" of Rongning Second Mansion that the novel wants to show。Based on this，The title should be translated as a vision of wealth and power，to combine literary translation and work interpretation，Expand the depth of Chinese literature in newspapers and periodicals。

Fourth is spreading fast、audience Guang。The aforementioned English newspapers or the Chinese people have been published in China for readers，thus becoming a journal of "Sinology of Overseas Chinese"，or directly published in the UK，But no matter the length of the time of publishing，Published with monthly or quarterly frequency，Still published by weekly，The publishing cycle is kept fixed，A relatively stable compilation and distribution system，and the impact of newspapers and periodicals with the development of postal business。For example，"Education Magazine" was released in the early days of the pioneering issue in Fuzhou，Subsequent，Due to the continuous increase of missionaries and businessmen in China，Publics spread to Hong Kong、Shanghai、Tianjin、Guangzhou and other coastal cities and Hankou、Nanjing and other Yangtze River cities，The publication is also passed through the Hong Kong transfer to Singapore、United States、Japan、Australia、Thailand and other countries。other，The content of the newspapers and magazines is relatively comprehensive，Large information capacity，Following social reality，Reader groups are wide，Actively leading the spread of Chinese literature。

　Reflection of Chinese literature in English newspapers

Generally speaking，19th Century English Newspapers' translation of Chinese literary works presents translation with a theme Bet365 app download review or academic research，This translation -the research mode has huge academic value，Promoting the development of overseas sinology。With the study of Chinese language and literature from the people who came to Huaxi，The academic field of vision is expanded，These translated works also help English readers understand the customs of Chinese people。other，Chinese literature translation of English newspapers and magazines has also shaped the formation of Chinese and Western comparative literary forms，In the blending and comparison of Chinese and Western literature，Continuously deepen the understanding of Chinese literature and Chinese culture，Affecting the successor of the successor's translation and comment on Chinese literature，Create "History of Chinese Literature" for Zhai Lisi and others to provide important ideological resources。Of course，Due to personal cognitive ability、Different knowledge structure，The effect of subjective prejudice，The 19th century Westerners can hardly comprehensively and correctly grasp the connotation of Chinese literary works，Unavoidable misunderstandings in the translation and spread of Chinese literature and Chinese culture、Misunderstanding phenomenon。

In the background of the new era，The Chinese literature translation agency of the 19th century English newspapers brings us some revelation。The first is to combine the needs of readers in the selection of materials，Around traditional Chinese culture，or a number of themes that can fully represent China's economic and social development to choose authoritative works for translation，Then show Chinese culture and economic and social conditions。Second, do not restrain the argument of literal translation or translation in the translation strategy，According to the purpose of spreading or target readers, the reader is targeted and flexibly selected。Third is the spread of foreign Bet365 lotto review translation works，To be good at using new media methods to gradually expand the propagation surface，Expansion channel，Build a communication chain，Improve the speed of communication。

(This article is the "Nineteenth Century Translation of Chinese Literature Research in China" (17ZWB001) in the Jiangsu Social Science Foundation Project "

(Author Unit: College of Foreign Languages ​​from Changzhou University)