Public Management Teaching and Research History of Public Management in American Universities，It sets through the discipline infrastructure、Talent training position、Curriculum system construction and other aspects to carry out useful exploration，Development enriches public management theory and method，Cultivated a large number of public management talents。

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Public management science in a broad sense has a close contact with the United States at the beginning of its formation。Early early in the discipline of public management，that is, the late 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century，The theory of mainstream public management reflects the combination of German -style social scientific research results with American -style industrialist practice history。At that time，People began to realize the importance of using science and technology to improve public services and manage professional talents。1887，Thomas Woodro Wilson (1856-1924，Elected by the President of the United States in 1912) In the article "Administrative Research", "Administrative Science as an independent discipline，In general，Public management can be equivalent to administrative or administrative management。1924，Maxville Citizen and Public Affairs School, the earliest school, known as the earliest public management college in the United States, began to cultivate a master's degree in public management，Tired system training courses in the public management field。Since bet365 live casino games then，Princeton University、Harvard University successively established a college in 1930 and 1936 to carry out public management education，Graduated Public Management degree awarded a qualified graduate，Promoting the development of public management in the United States。

Public management education in the early American universities is slow、Small scale，Until the 1970s，The needs of management practice have promoted the rapid development of public management in teaching scale and curriculum content，The development of public management in the United States has entered a new stage。The United States has also established a national specialized organization，Standardized Curriculum Settings of Public Management Education、Teachers' level、Teachers' level、teaching facilities, etc.，Allow all institutions and institutions to maintain their own characteristics。Strict approval and evaluation system promoted the development of public management in the United States，further improved the awareness and recognition of all walks of life。Now，Many universities in the United States have already opened public management courses，And Harvard University Kennedy Government College、Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs、School of Public and International Affairs of Princeton University、dozens of global well -known public management teaching institutions including the University of California Berkeley，In terms of degree settings，Covering this、Shuo、Bo three training phases。Related institutions not only provide public management professional education，It also provides training courses for various civil servants。

　Talent training goals are clear

Public Management Teaching focuses on cultivating the professional spirit bet365 best casino games of public service、Specialized talents who can use scientific methods to effectively manage social affairs。Respect the spirit of public service，Cultivate talents with social responsibility，Enhance people's sense of social responsibility，It is also the main purpose of many American universities to offer public management courses。For example，Harvard University Kennedy Government College emphasizes the training of public managers，I think they should be able to understand and represent the public's ideas and interests，and act around the public interest。Practitioners in the field of public management need to strengthen the position of public service in a variable complex social environment。The School of Maxwell and Public Affairs of Xuecheng University proposed，"We will continue to work hard to improve the sense of responsibility of citizens，and passed down from generation to generation; we respect the rules of public interests，and do what you can make those groups that can easily trample or destroy public interests the same respect "。This is also in line with the value concept of public management discipline，promotes the spirit of public service、Pay attention to social responsibility。

Talent training of public management disciplines in American universities is the integration of professionalism and personalization，Its public management discipline education aims to cultivate and master the theory and policy analysis method of public management、Proficiency in a specific policy area and serving the public interest、Personalized application talents，And these talents need to be able to adapt to the development of American social practice。This training goal reflects the professionalism bet365 live casino games of talent training，Pay attention to students' personalized development，Give students a considerable degree of autonomy。Refining the training targets on the cultivation target of American universities。In terms of cultivating professional management talents，The training goal of Maxwell Citizen and School of Public Affairs of Xuecheng University is to make students have a keen insight into national public issues，Able to use qualitative and quantitative research methods to analyze these problems; the training goal of the School of Public and International Affairs of Princeton University is to enable students to have the leadership spirit and leadership in international affairs，Make full preparation for career; the training goal of the Kennedy Government College of Harvard University is to make students become excellent、Leaders with policy analysis and problem -solving ability。In terms of cultivating personalized management talents，University of Public Policy at the University of California, the School of Public Policy, Public Policy, emphasized the need to cultivate students' communication skills and team collaboration ability，enable students to face complex issues calmly; the School of International and Public Affairs of Columbia University pays attention to cultivating public、Leaders in subdivided fields such as private。Although different colleges have their own focus，But they all emphasize the cultivation of students' professional quality and ability to solve public problems with various knowledge，Focus on cultivating students' leadership、Execution、Insight and analytical ability。

　　Curriculum settings are clear

Public Management Course of U.S. universities is Bet365 lotto review rich in content、The characteristics of more flexible teaching methods and strong teachers。First，The teaching of public management disciplines in American universities integrates political science、Economics、Management、History、Information Technology and other multidisciplinary knowledge，Rich in the course，Including general courses、Professional core courses、Professional direction courses and elective courses。General courses that are general courses stipulated by the school，Professional core courses usually include public management theory、Public Policy、Research methodology, etc.，Professional direction courses that are courses selected by students around the field of public management or professional branches，Students generally complete the general courses in the first year of admission，In the second year, you can choose the main course according to personal interests。other，Students can also choose elective courses across majors。From this perspective，Public management courses in American universities are pursuing different types of knowledge around the discipline，Form the core of the discipline that is operable。Next，The teaching methods of public management disciplines in American universities are flexible and diverse，It mainly includes case teaching method、Situation Simulation Method and Class Discussion。other，Each college also passed the lecture、​​Trainee、On -site inspection and other ways to improve students' practical ability。Last，Strong teachers of public management disciplines in some American universities。The number of teachers related to public management in colleges and universities，Also attaches importance to quality，Except after the postdoctoral、Researchers and others are incorporated into the teacher team，bet365 Play online games In addition to the number of teachers，It also stipulates that teachers need to have experience in public affairs management to teach public management professional courses。This helps students understand the quality requirements of public management work，Improve their practical ability。

Although in the development process of the past 100 years，American universities guided attributes driven by public issues and social practice，Based on social practice，The strategic positioning of the training of public management talents has been determined; paying attention to formulating talent training goals and plans based on their own characteristics，Cultivate high -level talents from both professional and personalized aspects; optimize the teacher team while strengthening discipline construction，Research results from different disciplines，Pay attention to the use of quantitative and qualitative research methods。But there are still some problems in the construction of improvement and innovation in the construction of American public management disciplines，First, pay too much attention to administrative affairs，Insufficient attention to legal affairs; the second is to emphasize the specific implementation efficiency of micro -implementation，Ignoring the direction of the macro development; the third is the analysis of the details of the policies，Pay attention to factors such as institutional regulations and other aspects; fourth, serious practical tendencies，Basic research on the development of discipline develops slowly。

(Author unit: Jiangsu grass -roots social governance research collaborative innovation base、School of Public Management, Jiangsu Open University)