Contemporary Turkish writer Olham Pamuk once won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2006。Nostalgia is an important writing content of its masterpiece "My Name is Red"。According to the definition of nostalgia based on cultural theory researcher Boym，"Modern nostalgia is a lament that cannot be achieved on the return of myths，A sigh for the disappearance of the charm world with clear boundary and values; this may also be a secular expression of spiritual desire，Nostalgic for a certain absolute thing，Nursing a home that is both a body and a spiritual，The unity of the Eden -style garden -style of the time before entering history and the space "。The past world missed by nostalgia is more spiritual sense，And nostalgic people have idealized this world，can get a sense of belonging from it。"My Name is Red", the old experience presents the hostess of the hero, the pursuit of the beautiful past，and the sadness of the heart when the past cannot be returned。Pamuk uses personal nostalgic experience，Metaphor for deeper cultural nostalgia。

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During the 12 years wandering outside，I have suffered Bet365 app download a lot of pain。After returning to Istanbul，He tried to pursue the beautiful memories of the past in reality。This is first reflected in the people who are in black。A night after returning to Istanbul，Black glance at the former lover Xie Kurui in the pane of a hut。This impression is beautiful，and with irreversible。Pamuk's novel is deeply influenced by German thinker Ben Yaming。Benjamin thinks，Midea things are all between reveals and hidden。"Beauty itself is not a phenomenon，But the essence of the out of twists and turns，Of course, this essence only maintains the same in nature in the cover state。Even if the appearance is a false elephant，Midea's appearance is a cover that is completely covered by the necessary completely covered state。Because the cover and the covers are not beautiful，Only things in the cover are things。"This idea is reflected in this impression of narrative。Although Hei didn't bluntly say how beautiful Xie Kurui is，But elusive，In the impression of hiding hidden，Her beauty is already present。

Watch the furniture that has been kept so far today、Items，It is also a way to find a beautiful past。Farewell 12 years later，Black came again to Xiekuru's home。He tried to find past happiness in furniture and items、Warm memory。Black View these old furniture、Time of old items，Remember bet365 Play online games all the details of the past，Including furniture、Source of items，The shape of their past、Color、Material、texture，and all related past events。For black，Furniture in vision、The item has lost the value of the use of objects，Their significance is that they are pointing to a beautiful world that is out of reach。Lien in this world，Black heart can get a sense of belonging。

　The memory of the past cannot return

At the same time as you remember the beautiful past，Novels show that the black test map finds the beautiful memories of the past in reality is futile。This loss brings to Hei's deep heart pain。The most direct presentation in the past is the most direct presentation of the black love、The city of nostalgia is no longer over。Between Black and Xiekuri, the past is intimate，After meeting again, there are a lot of suspicion。Even if he wished to marry Xie Kerry as soon as he wished，The happiness experience of the past will always be lost。other，The city is no longer a poetic city that wanders the soul when it is wandering outside。Back to Istanbul for the first time，Black feels the decline of the city、Flowing flow of material desires。Invasion of Western cultural forces、Destruction of Natural Power，All are the reasons why the city is no longer the beauty of the past。Novels have not described too much Bet365 lotto review about the city's past landscape，But the narrative of the current cities of the current city，Become another nostalgic way: Impressions on the spot，The ruins of the current city implied the beauty of the city in the past。

other，The novel has a more hidden presentation for the loss of the better past。First of all, it symbolizes the non -return of the past as the broken pottery tank image。When Black Chu returning to mother's cemetery，The familiar odor brings past memories，This is an unwilling memory that suddenly influx。However, there is no clear explanation of the mother's grave in the text.，Instead, it describes a seemingly unrelated detail。"Mother's grave，Someone broke a pottery pot，I don't know why，Looking at the fragments on the ground，I cried。"The expression of the sorrow of the protagonist of the novel is implicit、Immigrated。Black is not crying for the broken water pot，Instead of being a dead relative、It is difficult to return to the past and cry。

Followed by music to symbolize the unable to return to the beautiful past。Black Chu returning to Istanbul，I heard a beautiful piano sound on the market。This line of piano comes from a distance，Bring a sense of belonging to the spiritual world of black。When black realizes many years of wish to get married with Xie Kerry，A piano sound bet365 Play online games appears again in the memory。"Udeqin sounds heard on the street when I returned to Istanbul on the first day when I returned to Istanbul。Except sorrow，Music also contains a vitality。"The vitality contained in the sound of the piano，Is the wedding noisy、Factors lacking in chaos。This vitality belongs to the past，Is the real nostalgia。other，The sadness of the sorrow of the piano also expresses a mourning emotion，It symbolizes the deep mental pain brought by it in the past.。

　　Metaphor of nostalgic culture

The research community generally believes，There are many aspects of this novel that there are bulls in boundaries。As Isra Amos thinks，"The novel has blurred the boundary between the past and the present，It also blurred the author and character、The boundary between reality and fiction "。Especially the blur between reality and fiction，This is also the case in terms of nostalgia。The failure experience of the black arms constituted a certain reality metaphor。The background of the novel is set in Istanbul, at the end of the 16th century，But the prices described in it are soaring、Moral loss、The invasion of the Frank's forces caused the city's ruins，All are not in line with historical facts。The landscape of the decline in the city is more like a negative result after westernized reform。The novel is a Bet365 lotto review metaphor for the failed metaphor of the black nostalgia: in the face of the invasion of Western cultural forces，Traditional cultural memory is also difficult to continue。

The late 19th century and early 20th century，Türkiye has experienced unprecedented historical changes。In front of the western wave，Traditional cultural memory is facing severe breaks。Reformator at the end of the 19th century，Try to reform in the European model，In the early 20th century, this reform was slightly folded。But regardless of reform or not，Most of the traditional things are facing the danger of loss。In this background，A trend of nostalgia is quietly generated in contemporary Türkiye。Black and old in vain in the novel，Metaphor the fate of the failure of Türkiye's nostalgia in the 20th century。

Pamuk's attitude towards traditional cultural memory is complex。What he adopted is a cultural hybrid view，Reject absolute Westernization。On the one hand，Pamuk thinks，It is a cultural tradition that hinders progress。This is a metaphor in the novel with the failure of the old and old -fashioned。On the other hand，It can’t deny that he is similar to contemporary Turkish liberals, etc.。I want to modernize while trying to retain some of things with vitality in traditional culture。Not only "My Name is Red" vaguely illustrates that bet365 Play online games there are still some things worthless to be forgotten，The same is true of his other works。

(Author Unit: School of Literature, Renmin University of China)