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In the world，Collection of national language use information through the census，It is a more common approach。Belgium first tried to include questions about language in the population census questionnaire in 1846，Subsequently followed up by other European countries and expanded to overseas colonies of the powers。According to the United Nations statistics，Since 1945, nearly 150 countries or regions around the world，Including the United States、UK、Russia、Australia、South Africa、India and other main continents in the world's main economic and population countries，A language survey in the census。

The primary function of Language Census is not a linguistic study，Instead of policy formulation served in the country。From the perspective of international experience，Language census can help the government achieve several important management purposes。The first is to enhance the government's legitimacy。Western scholars believe that the population is classified through the census，It can be manufactured and strengthened all the groups in the country to "belong to my management" rule legality，For example, Canada and Finland and other countries give different identities to nationals based on language。The second is to observe the integrated process of national nation。Language is an important indicator of national identity，Therefore, many countries in the world analyze the situation of national integration by observing the changes in the use habits of the people。For example, more Bet365 app download Central and Eastern European countries have added home language in the census after the end of the Cold War、Work Language and other investigations to obtain the language transfer information of the people。The third is defining the linguistic rights boundary。Multi -language countries' distribution of language rights is mostly based on census data，For example, multi -ethnic countries in Europe often stipulate that ethnic minorities can enjoy the corresponding language and cultural rights in the lower limit of 10%-20%in a certain regional census。The fourth is to solve specific language problems。For example, the language census in the second half of the 20th century in India is largely to meet the state's legal process in accordance with the state in accordance with the state;，But in 1916 and 1940, he asked his mother tongue in the census，It is to prepare for the next year to join World War I and World War II。

As the population census is a cost -effective event，Therefore, the design of the organization and the design of the census questionnaires in various countries is continuously studied，I have accumulated rich experience。The design of the language census questionnaire often needs to pay attention to such a few points。The first is to integrate with international standards。The United Nations and other international organizations in order to improve the reliability and validity of the census of various countries，Recommended standards for the Population Census。The EU and other institutions also provide long -term training and technical support for various member states，to ensure that statistics from various countries are consistent，Promotion integrated process。The second is to be consistent with the data of the years bet365 Play online games as possible。Language census should assist the government for policy formulation，You need to provide the frequency of language use、Sociology information such as distribution and change trends，Therefore, maintaining the continuity of data over the years is very important。The third is to match domestic demand。Domestic demand is the primary consideration of the language census。

At the micro level，Design of Language Census Questions and Specific Operation Manuals in various languages ​​in the world often requires experts to go through long -term research、Multiple pilots and repeated modifications。The first is the selection of the investigation item.。Various countries generally choose under the UN recommendation framework: "Mother Tongue" is generally used as auxiliary indicators for national identity，"Common Language" generally reveals the trend of the conversion of people's language，"Designated Language" is generally about the ability of official language，"Main Language" generally shows the social status of a strong language。The second is the target of the selection of survey dimensions。For language ability、A survey of the dimensions of language usage places and frequency of use can provide more accurate language conversion information。The third is the design in the form of question and answer. Sometimes it is necessary to consider guidance。The design of language problems will directly affect the final survey results，Therefore, the language -related questions of various countries are asking questions、Answers、The sequence of questions and placing positions show diversified choices，To get the information you want to get or get the results you want to present。

my country is incorporated into a language survey bet365 best casino games in the census，It has urgent necessity。First, it helps my country to deal with global competition in language。Deep changes in the economic and cultural environment in the world in the past few decades，The competition between a few international languages ​​shows an unprecedented fierce situation。International experience show，The maintenance of national language vitality and the improvement of competitiveness require the basic data obtained by language census。my country should strengthen the awareness of crisis and responsibility of global competition in language，Working through language census，Taking the status of domestic language as an important national conditions for long -term observation，Cooperate with other measures to enhance the global competitiveness of Chinese，Resistance to the erosion of other powerful languages。Second, it helps to promote modernization construction and national identity construction。World Experience Digesty，The realization of modernization and the construction of the concept of the national nation needs to be based on the popularity of standard language。At present, my country ’s promotion of Mandarin as the first task of language work。Effective development and accurate assessment of this work must be supported by data support obtained by language census。Third, it helps deepen the work of national language。The improvement of traffic conditions in my country in the past 40 years and the advancement of the process of urbanization，It has caused unprecedented population flow and domestic population migration，The state of the country is changing rapid and profound changes，Full sampling survey of only limited quantities is far from grasping the full picture of the national language。bet365 best casino games At the same time，With the development of urbanization，In recent years, the use of groups and applications of national language and Chinese dialects has undergone profound changes。

Long -term brewing and preparation，Various conditions for our country to carry out language census have basically been available。The first is that the policy conditions are already in place。Since the end of the 20th century，Some people in our academic circles are constantly calling for a language survey in the population census，In 2015, the corresponding proposal proposed by members of the CPPCC also received positive response from the National Bureau of Statistics。In the National Language Commission, the "Thirteenth Five -Year Plan for the" Thirteenth Five -Year Plan "of the National Language Commission" includes the "promoting the use of language in language and other related survey statistics" as one of the key tasks，and achieved important progress。The second is that the technical conditions are ready。my country's language management department has conducted two large -scale Mandarin level sampling surveys twice so far，I have accumulated rich management experience and technical advantages。The academic world has been in Hong Kong in recent years、The language census of Macau and Taiwan and overseas politics has also carried out continuous positive research。At the same time，Statistical analysis technology of the National Bureau of Statistics has recently improved the fundamental improvement with the development of information technology。Third, the economic conditions have matured。Obtaining language information through the population census will increase the data analysis stage to increase the cost，However, my country's economic construction has achieved great achievements Bet365 lotto review in recent years，The central government and local governments have the ability to provide sufficient funding support for language census。Fourth, the human conditions are already available。The continuous census work in our country has formed a relatively complete "two members" (census and census instructor) selection and training working mechanism，Supplemented by the technical support of the language work department，enough to provide human protection for the implementation of the language census。

Overall，my country's currently incorporated into the Language Census in the Population Census is conducive to improving the international competitiveness of Chinese、Promoting the construction of socialist modernization countries，It also helps my country to formulate a more refined language management policy，Scientific protection of the language of various nations。The research and determination of the census plan can go step by step，For example, select some provinces for pilot survey，improving the survey technology and investigation plan; or first incorporate language problems into the annual population sampling survey，Accumulate investigation experience，Waiting for all jobs to be ready to push the national census。Of course，While conducting a language investigation plan research and pilot，Also prepare for publicity and public opinion，Prevent misunderstanding or solution，and make the corresponding plan。

　　(This article is the "National Language Construction Research in the Transformation of Central and Eastern European countries" (17cyy012)、The State Language Commission Project "Research on the Strategy and Mechanism of Foreign Language Management and Mechanism of the Central Eastern European European European European European European European European European European European European European European European European Statement" (YB135-52) phase results)

(Author Unit: College of Foreign Languages ​​of Yangzhou University)