bet365 live casino games is a complex sensory experience and a special common experience in human daily life。1979,The International Society of bet365 live casino games (IASP) defines "bet365 live casino games" for the first time as a condition "associated with actual or potential tissue damage,Or unpleasant sensory and emotional experiences that can be described as tissue damage”,And at the 10th World bet365 live casino games Congress in 2002, bet365 live casino games was officially listed as secondary to breathing、Pulse、The “fifth vital sign” after body temperature and blood pressure。July 16, 2020,The International bet365 live casino games Society published the first revision of the definition of bet365 live casino games in 40 years on its official website。The new definition, which took two years to revise, replaces “described in” with “resembling that”,Defines "bet365 live casino games" as an "unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage,Or a similar experience",On the basis of inheriting the main body of the old definition to the maximum extent,Expanded the meaning of the concept of bet365 live casino games,Also emphasizes the social nature of bet365 live casino games,Greatly broadens the research perspective。
Language in bet365 live casino games communication
At present, bet365 live casino games research still mainly focuses on medicine、Expand from "non-textual" perspectives such as psychology,Language-based bet365 live casino games research is rare。And,It is undeniable,Expressing physical bet365 live casino games in words is never easy。
Wittgenstein also pointed out that talking about bet365 live casino games is one of the most difficult language activities,But he did not give up thinking about bet365 live casino games, especially the language of bet365 live casino games,Cavill (S. Cavell) even summarized the theme of Wittgenstein's later masterpiece "Philosophical Investigations" as "bet365 live casino games"。Wittgenstein conducted a detailed examination of sensory words such as "bet365 live casino games" in "Philosophical Investigations",And thus launched the famous "anti-private language argument"。He does not deny the feeling of bet365 live casino games,But he does not regard bet365 live casino games as a private subjective feeling like Descartes,But consider bet365 live casino games as not personal、Incommunicable。Victoria’s later view of meaning pointed out,The meaning of a word is its use in a language。This means,The meaning of bet365 live casino games exists and is revealed in the use of the word bet365 live casino games,From naming feelings such as bet365 live casino games to understanding “the bet365 live casino games of others”,Everyone must master the language game of bet365 live casino games。Wittgenstein’s thinking on bet365 live casino games triggered researchers’ attention to the language of bet365 live casino games,For example, Halliday proposed the expression paradigm of English bet365 live casino games language from the perspective of transitivity in systemic functional linguistics in 1998,Lascarat (C. Lascaratou) based on Halliday’s research in 2007,Trying to explain the construction of bet365 live casino games experience in Greek bet365 live casino games language from the perspective of functional grammar and cognitive semantics。
Above description,bet365 live casino games is not just a physical sensation that occurs at an anatomical body interface,It is also a social event,Inseparable from interaction with others in society,Especially related to language。Language is essentially a public phenomenon,As a key component of human society, it regulates society,It also shapes the public space shared by members of the social community,Has typical social attributes,Language in bet365 live casino games communication is no exception。Invisible bet365 live casino games、Cannot touch,Can’t even breathe、Pulse、Body temperature and blood pressure can be measured accurately with instruments,This makes the bet365 live casino games subject’s public expression of bet365 live casino games the only criterion for perceiving the “bet365 live casino games of others”,bet365 live casino games description language has naturally become the most important way to express bet365 live casino games,Fully demonstrates the social nature of bet365 live casino games。
First,From the perspective of the process of children learning bet365 live casino games words。Children gradually learn to use words to express bet365 live casino games under the guidance of adults,And deeply understand the meaning of bet365 live casino games in social practice,It is also learning、Understanding and using language in social practice,Children have completed the socialization process。Second,From the perspective of real-life bet365 live casino games communication。Far from destroying language, the experience of bet365 live casino games,Precisely prompts people to resort to language。The dual functions of “self-oriented” and “other-oriented” of bet365 live casino games language,Decided regardless of educational background、What are your life experiences and cultural traditions?,When people experience bet365 live casino games, they try to use language and other means to express themselves and seek help。If the feeling of bet365 live casino games is based on the physical body,The expression of bet365 live casino games、Cognition and understanding are based on the social body level,Need to rely on social interaction,Inseparable from the presence of others in society、Participate or assist。Visible,On the one hand,Society constructs the concept of bet365 live casino games,People understand bet365 live casino games through social practices;On the other hand,The expression of bet365 live casino games is directed towards “self” or “other”,All reinvent themselves or reconstruct interpersonal relationships in social interactions,Reconnect individuals with society。
In bet365 live casino games communication,Language, an important social tool, not only gives humans a much more complex bet365 live casino games experience than animals,It also expands the space for human bet365 live casino games experience,Accelerates the transition from initial bet365 live casino games to deep perception、The process of understanding bet365 live casino games,And go beyond objective statements about the experience of bet365 live casino games,Gradually becoming part of the bet365 live casino games experience。Metaphor and other language means assist in bet365 live casino games expression and understanding,Also relieves bet365 live casino games anxiety to a certain extent。Visible,The expression of language in bet365 live casino games communication、The important role of communication and even constructing bet365 live casino games experience,Gives bet365 live casino games a significant social attribute。Currently, the few studies on bet365 live casino games language in China mostly focus on the description of bet365 live casino games descriptive words designed to provide reference for clinical bet365 live casino games assessment、Classification and organization, etc.。Therefore,Break through the superficial examination of bet365 live casino games words,Study the language of bet365 live casino games from the actual discourse use of both parties in bet365 live casino games communication,Critical to understanding bet365 live casino games, especially its social nature。
A special area of bet365 live casino games language research——Doctor-patient bet365 live casino games words
In a sense,The essence of medicine lies in the interaction between doctors and patients,This interaction is mainly carried out in the form of language,The understanding and communication between doctors and patients on bet365 live casino games, an important sign of the disease, is directly related to the smooth progress of medical practice。Doctor-patient bet365 live casino games discourse is the most common bet365 live casino games discourse,It is also an important part of doctor-patient discourse and a prominent content of medical situations。It is intertwined under the interaction of bet365 live casino games discourse and doctor-patient discourse,Vividly demonstrates the actual discourse interaction process between doctors and patients in communicating bet365 live casino games symptoms,Is an excellent entry point for bet365 live casino games language research。
It’s worth noting,The International bet365 live casino games Society clearly states this in the fourth note of the supplement to the new definition of bet365 live casino games,The individual’s self-report should be respected。However, in many medical situations,Doctors fail to clearly realize the importance of language in thinking and understanding their work,The patient’s description of bet365 live casino games is not given due attention in bet365 live casino games communication。Actually,The language of describing bet365 live casino games is an important means of evaluating and understanding bet365 live casino games。Therefore,For doctors (non-bet365 live casino games subjects),It is not enough to have professional medical knowledge in the field of bet365 live casino games,They also need to respect and accept the patient’s (bet365 live casino games subject) verbal complaints about bet365 live casino games during bet365 live casino games communication,Trying to understand the lifeworld discourse used by patients regarding their individual bet365 live casino games experiences,And use this kind of words instead of professional medical terminology to communicate with patients,Only in this way can we share with patients the bet365 live casino games experience that requires the most empathy,The extent to which bet365 live casino games experiences can be shared also determines the difficulty of communicating bet365 live casino games through language。
Wang Yin proposed the core principle of "reality-cognition-language" in the theory of "Embodied Cognitive Linguistics", an attempt to localize the foundation of cognitive linguistics and its experiential philosophy,Considering that mind and language come from the “body” (interactive experience) and “cognition” (cognitive processing) of reality。In the process of communication between doctors and patients about bet365 live casino games,Reality、The interactive relationship between cognition and language is particularly obvious。Doctors as one of the bet365 live casino games recognizers,Played the following subjective role。First,The “active experience” of bet365 live casino games。Use the patient’s verbal complaints and communication with the patient to perceive and understand the patient’s actual bet365 live casino games experience。Second,“Cognitive processing” of bet365 live casino games。Through reasoning、A series of mental activities such as understanding and deduction,Re-evaluate the difference between the patient’s own bet365 live casino games experience and the doctor’s judgment of the patient’s “bet365 live casino games”,And then achieve a certain degree of "bet365 live casino games empathy" with the patient。Third,Verbal expression of bet365 live casino games diagnosis results。Inform patients about their basic judgment of bet365 live casino games,Give follow-up treatment suggestions。The patient as another important bet365 live casino games recognizer,Not only describe your bet365 live casino games in detail to the doctor,Express feelings of bet365 live casino games,His understanding of his own bet365 live casino games was also updated through communication with doctors。Visible,Both doctors and patients exert their subjective initiative in the social interaction process of communicating the reality of bet365 live casino games,Body、Language、Action、Experience and thinking coordinate and operate into a holistic activity,Language is an important medium rooted in social practice and derived from mental activities,In turn, it plays a key role in constraining both doctors and patients in understanding the patient’s bet365 live casino games。
Approaching bet365 live casino games research from a language perspective,Pay special attention to bet365 live casino games words in use,It is helpful to make up for the long-term lack of social discourse system in current bet365 live casino games research,Deepen the understanding of bet365 live casino games, especially its social nature。Taking the bet365 live casino games discourse of doctors and patients as the research object,Focus on the specific use of language in the bet365 live casino games communication process between doctors and patients,Focus on the collaborative working patterns and shared meaning foundations of language and other multimodal resources,Do not stick to dislocation phenomena such as contradictions and conflicts aimed at revealing the power gap under unequal communication between doctors and patients,Not only can it vividly reproduce the interactions between doctors and patients、Discourse interaction scene that constructs and conveys the meaning of bet365 live casino games,Truely reflects the process of social adjustment of interpersonal relationships through language and other means,It also fully reflects the intervention and service of linguistics in medicine,Helping people overcome bet365 live casino games,Promote the effective achievement of medical diagnosis and treatment goals and the smooth construction of a harmonious doctor-patient relationship。In addition,A microscopic examination of the bet365 live casino games discourse of doctors and patients in China,Helps demonstrate the close connection between bet365 live casino games expression and an individual’s social context,Show Chinese expression、Uniqueness in recognizing and interpreting bet365 live casino games,And traditional Chinese body concepts、The shaping of China’s “view of bet365 live casino games” by traditional Chinese medicine theory,Highlight the special meaning of bet365 live casino games in the Chinese social and cultural context,Enriching the meaning of the concept of bet365 live casino games。
(This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Foundation-funded project "Research on Deterministic Thoughts in Wittgenstein's Philosophy of Language" (20FYYB023)
(Author’s unit: School of Foreign Languages, Fujian Normal University)
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