As an important branch of linguistics，Phonetics uses instruments and equipment to obtain speech production、Experimental data on speech propagation and speech perception，Then analyze and examine the pronunciation mechanism of human language on this basis、A series of issues such as the acoustic characteristics of speech and speech perception model，Content involves pronunciation phonetics、Multiple app bet365 download fields such as acoustic phonetics and auditory phonetics。Phonetics has a distinct interdisciplinary nature，and Dialectology、Phonology is closely related，and Physiology、Acoustics、Psychology, etc. are also related to a certain extent，The app bet365 download results are useful for language investigation and app bet365 download、Language Teaching and Assessment、Language correction and rehabilitation、Human-computer dialogue and interaction have important application value。

　　Growing up in the study of app bet365 download phonetics

Phonetics in my country originated from experimental app bet365 download on dialect phonetics，It has a history of nearly a hundred years，Going back to the early 1920s。Zhao Yuanren、Liu Fu、Scholars such as Luo Changpei and Wang Li attach great importance to experimental app bet365 download on dialect phonetics，Emphasis on “resolving lingering doubts，Experiments can be used to make up for the lack of listening officers”，And take the lead in studying dialect pronunciation。

Experimental app bet365 download on dialect phonetics became common practice during that period，Published a batch of dialect tonal app bet365 download results combined with phonetic experimental data。These writings are studies on dialect phonetics，Especially the app bet365 download work on dialect tones，Introduced new methods of experimental analysis，Established and formed a new paradigm for studying dialect tones。The five-degree calibration method proposed by Zhao Yuanren，still widely used in the dialect and phonetic circles。

Although it sprouted from dialect phonetic app bet365 download，And has achieved many important results in the study of dialect tones，However, experimental phonetic app bet365 download has failed to take root in the field of dialects，But gradually became independent from dialect app bet365 download，Slowly developed into today’s (experimental) phonetics。If you want to trace the source，The experimental app bet365 download on dialect phonetics during that period provided two important sources for the creation of (experimental) phonetics in my country: one is the "Voice and Rhythm Laboratory" established at Peking University after Liu Fu returned to China，The laboratory was later led by Luo Changpei；Second, Wu Zongji works as a app bet365 download assistant in the Speech Laboratory of the Institute of History and Linguistics, Academia Sinica, Nanjing，Following the phonetics app bet365 download carried out by Zhao Yuanren。Luo Changpei later served as the director of the Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Sciences，A voice experimental group was formed based on the "Voice and Rhythm Laboratory"，In 1956, Wu Zongji was transferred to the Institute of Languages ​​to carry out phonetic experimental app bet365 download，bringing these two sources together，Phonetics app bet365 download is gradually getting on the right track。

　　Strength in dialect phonetic app bet365 download

Since the late 1990s，With computer technology、The development of digital signal processing and data statistical analysis technologies，Especially in Praat、MatLab、Promoted by SPSS and other software，The threshold for researchers to collect and analyze speech acoustic data has basically been broken，Not only can we build a large-scale speech corpus by ourselves and carry out the collection of speech acoustic data on this basis，You can also use various statistical software and even deep learning methods to carry out analysis and modeling of speech acoustic data。Speech acoustics app bet365 download thus completely gets rid of hardware dependence，It is no longer a distant dream for ordinary scientific researchers to carry out voice experimental app bet365 download，This change will profoundly promote the development of phonetics。

And a long time before that，There has always been a high barrier to entry for conducting voice experimental app bet365 download，Collecting experimental data requires special instruments and equipment，Analysis of experimental data requires special calculation methods。Whether it is doing app bet365 download on the physiology of pronunciation，Still doing speech acoustics app bet365 download，It is inseparable from the collection and analysis of experimental data，All require the use of certain instruments and equipment。Take the study of speech acoustics as an example，Because of long-term dependence on instruments such as ripple meters and gramophones，As a result, only a few scientific app bet365 download institutions in China can carry out relevant app bet365 download work，It is difficult for general scientific researchers to have access to these instruments and equipment，Let alone using these instruments and equipment。Also，Even with professional instruments and equipment such as speech graphics instrument，The pitch data of the speech cannot be obtained directly、Acoustic parameters such as formant data，Researchers still need to extract it manually、Calculation and Analysis，And these processes are not only time-consuming and laborious，And extremely complex，It is difficult to master。Affected by these factors，The development of phonetics in the country in those years was extremely slow，The talent team is relatively small。To the 1980s and 1990s，Only Wu Zongji is engaged in voice experimental app bet365 download in China、Lin Tao、Bao Huaiqiao、Lin Maocan、Cao Jianfen、Shen Jiong、Shi Feng and a few other scholars。Under this condition，Everyone can only focus on studying the pronunciation issues of Mandarin first，There will naturally be less app bet365 download on dialect pronunciation。

Now there are speech analysis software such as Praat，Extraction of speech acoustic data、Calculation and analysis can be completed on a personal computer，The difficulty has naturally been reduced a lot，But for any professional software，There will be certain usage thresholds，It still takes some effort to fully master its functions and usage。At present, we should actively promote the technology and methods of voice experimental app bet365 download，And work to reduce voice data extraction、Difficulty of measurement and analysis，Let more scholars be willing and able to use it easily。Compared with the phonetics community，The talent pool in the field of dialect app bet365 download is huge，And it will more or less involve phonetic app bet365 download issues，Therefore, we should increase the promotion of phonetic experimental techniques and methods in the field of dialect app bet365 download in a targeted manner，Let dialect researchers see the value of phonetic experiments in dialect phonetic app bet365 download，And become the advocate and main force of voice experimental app bet365 download。

　　Breakthrough in dialect phonetic app bet365 download

Although derived from experimental app bet365 download on dialect phonetics，However, the app bet365 download method of phonetic experiments has not yet had a profound impact in the field of dialects。In addition to the technical equipment and other constraints mentioned above，There may be another important reason，That is, the phonetic experiment results cannot directly answer the phonetic classification and phonetic value description issues that dialect researchers are concerned about。For example，When analyzing tone and pitch characteristics，Experimenters usually rely on the traditional method of listening and recording to determine the tone category of each example character or use other people's recording results，Then analyze the pitch of various tones on this basis、Acoustic characteristics such as duration，The obtained tone analysis results are often somewhat different from the results of listening and recording，And different experiments have different sampling data and analysis methods，Inconsistencies may also occur between the modulation analysis results。This type of voice experimental app bet365 download，It does not give much help to dialect researchers，Because for the study of dialect phonetic systems，The first thing is to solve the problem of speech classification，How to determine how many initial consonants a dialect has、Finals and tones, etc.，The second is the problem of describing the sound value。Actually，Even for the analysis and description of sound value，The help that voice experimental app bet365 download can provide is also extremely limited，For example, the place of articulation of a consonant is difficult to determine by its acoustic clues，Forwarding of vowels、Post-change、Gaohua、Lower、Pronunciation changes such as centralization are also difficult to determine based on acoustic data，Even nasalized and retroflex vowels cannot be determined purely from acoustic data。Therefore，Language experimental app bet365 download in the face of dialects，You should pay attention to the following aspects。

First, innovative methods of voice experimental app bet365 download。In addition to speech acoustics app bet365 download，We must also be good at using auditory perception experiments and pronunciation physiological experiments to study the similarities and differences between the two sounds, as well as the clues to distinguish the two sounds and their pronunciation differences。When performing statistical analysis on various speech acoustic parameters，In addition to taking mean analysis、ANOVA，You can also do some discriminant analysis、Work in cluster analysis and data modeling，See if the voice data can support the previous classification results，And whether it can provide more acoustic data support for speech classification。

The second is to focus on comparative phonetic app bet365 download across dialects。While listening and recording，The standards adopted by different scholars may be inconsistent，Some people may be a little stricter，Someone might be a little wider，The pronunciation results sometimes vary greatly，leading to different dialect points、It is difficult to directly put the phonetic data between different scholars together for effective comparative analysis。Starting from objective speech acoustic data，Carry out cross-dialect pronunciation comparative app bet365 download，Build a speech acoustic model，And on this basis, calculate the phonetic similarity and distance between dialects，Then examine the phonetic evolution rules of dialects，Can promote the in-depth integration of phonetic experimental app bet365 download and dialect app bet365 download。

The third is to focus on the study of intonation and prosodic characteristics of the post-lexical system。Currently, most dialect app bet365 download only focuses on word-level pronunciation, tone, and consonant tone changes，Little attention is paid to the intonation and prosodic characteristics at the sentence level。The intonation-prosodic feature system has distinctive dialect characteristics，We should start building a large-scale cross-dialect speech database，And on this basis, examine the intonation and rhythm characteristics of dialects，Carry out a systematic and comprehensive analysis and description，Thus establishing a unified and complete intonation and rhythm analysis framework。At present, this aspect is almost blank，Typological app bet365 download will have great potential in this regard，And it can highlight the value of voice experimental app bet365 download。

The fourth is to focus on studying dialect pronunciation from the perspective of the development of intelligent speech technology。Let intelligent voice technology not only understand Mandarin，Can also understand local Mandarin and various major dialects，This is naturally inseparable from the study of dialect phonetics，Inseparable from the construction of dialect pronunciation dictionary，Especially the dialect phonetic description work of common Chinese vocabulary，It involves continuous reading and tone changes、softly、A series of voice problems such as Erhua。Also，We should also actively use intelligent speech technology to promote dialect phonetic app bet365 download，How to use synthetic verification to test and improve various speech app bet365 download results。

The fifth is to focus on studying app bet365 download pronunciation from the perspective of pronunciation acquisition and teaching。Learners from different app bet365 download areas are learning Mandarin、English and other languages ​​have different learning difficulties and pronunciation errors，There is a certain correlation between this and the learner’s native phonetic system。

In short，Phonetics app bet365 download should make breakthroughs on its own，Pay more attention to dialect pronunciation issues，And integrate it into the study of dialect phonetics from an appropriate angle，Really bring out the unique value of phonetic experiments as a app bet365 download method in dialect app bet365 download，Strive to gain resonance in the field of dialect app bet365 download，And continues to grow and develop in the process of studying dialect pronunciation issues。

　　(Author’s unit: Institute of Linguistics, app bet365 download Academy of Social Sciences)