Early historical reconstruction of the Chinese and Tibetan Department is one of the issues of attention in the field of history comparative linguistics，East Asia due to the distribution of Chinese Tibetan crowds、Many ethnic groups in Southeast Asia mixed lives，Frequent language contact，The horizontal diffusion and vertical genetic mix of language characteristics，The relationship between the synonyms of the Han and Tibetan language and early differentiation is still controversial。

　　bet365 live casino games

Supreme classification of Chinese Tibetan language can be described as hundreds of consequences。At present, the mainstream classification views of the academic community at home and abroad are the Chinese Tibetan Chinese and Tibetan Burmese tribe of Chinese Tibetan and Tibetan Burmese, which are supported by core vocabulary.。This view has also been supported by the recent evolutionary linguistics research，Fudan University Jinli Team、The List team of the French Oriental Linguistics Research Center and H. ZHANG, the University of London, use the Bayesian Phylogenetic Method，Calculate the syndrome classification of the Han Tibetan language based on different homologous word databases，and the language spectrum system tree model。

In the above studies，Although there are inconsistent places in specific differentiation locations and time issues，But in the overall trend of language evolution, it is inclined to think that the earliest Chinese language is separated from the Chinese and Tibetan system，The initial differentiation time was 5900 years away from the current、7200 and 8000 years。Lord of Language Evolution —The research on the crowd，Three research teams all believe that the early bet365 Play online games Yellow River Basin Agricultural People can be regarded as primitive Chinese Tibetan crowds，And the expansion time of the agricultural population in the early days and the time node of the Chinese Tibetan evolution in their own studies to prove the rationality of the origin and differentiation time。

　　"Farming -Language Theory" guides the research of the Chinese Tibetan Department of Science and Technology Integration

Early differentiation of language involves archeological culture and crowd research，A large hot spot in the study of the origin of the origin of linguistics and archeological disciplines，It is the "Language-Farming Model" of "Language-Farming Model".。Linguist generally believes that the origin of the Chinese and Tibetan system is closely related to the origin of agriculture，Mainly two perspectives: mainly northern origin hypothesis and southwest source hypothesis。Northern Origin hypothesis believes that the earliest expansion of Chinese Tibetan and their crowd occurred at 6000-4000 years ago，The expansion of the population expansion of the northern millet agricultural culture in the middle of the neo -stone in the middle of the neo -stone artifact。The origin of the southwest originally believed that the early expansion of Chinese Tibetan language occurred 9,000 years ago，originated in southwest of Sichuan or northeast of India。

In the study of the establishment of the Chinese Tibetan spectrum system in the "farming -language theory"，The aforementioned List team will introduce the introduction of "cream", "pig", "sheep", "rice", "cattle", "horses" and other homologous words related to the domestic and animal husbandry.，Discover "millet", "黍", "rice", "pig" and "sheep" equivalent words in the early expansion of Chinese Tibet，Most of these homologous words are associated with early the agricultural archeological culture of northern China。And，The team also contacted the origin of the language system with the late Ci Mountain Culture and Early Yangshao Culture Crusade in the calculated age.bet365 Play online games ，Judging the first differentiation of Chinese Tibetan language is North China，Consistent with the origin of the origin of the Chinese Tibetan department。other，It also identified the "rice", "cattle", "horse", "wheat", "barley" and other agricultural and animal husbandry -related homes.。Researchers believe that this phenomenon reflects after the first differentiation of Chinese and Tibetan，Language contact with the surrounding groups when the primitive Chinese Tibetan crowd westward and south -directional expansion。

Based on archeological evidence，From western Gansu to eastern Shandong includes eastern Inner Mongolia、North China、Central Plains、Guanzhong and Longxi and other regions The early mid -to -middle sites in the early middle and middle periods of the new stone artifacts were found.，and Ci Mountain Culture also found a lot of cultivation，From this, it can be seen that the important position of the agriculture in the biological industry。Then in the middle of the Yellow River Basin area, Pei Li Gang Culture、Baijia Culture and Magnetic Mountain Culture's Neolithic Mid -Stone Age developed on the basis of the mid -term culture developed by the middle period culture of the Yangshao Culture developed，Inherited the traditional millet agricultural tradition。To the late Yangsi Cultural Temple under the late Shinshi era, when the type of the gutter of the temple gutter in the west of the Majiayao culture，The combination of their tool sets and pottery has reached the longest to northwestern Yunnan，Xinguang Site, Yongping County, Dali、Site of Baiyang Village, Binchuan County、Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture Yongren County Caiguanzi and Mo Pan Dizhi sites、Dadunzi site in Yuanmou County，Bi -hole stone knives unique to Majiayao culture can be seen，and the economy of the biological industry is cream、黍、Mixed rice mixed agriculture。Han Jianye believes that this route represents the "Pottery Road" South Road and South Branch bet365 live casino games of Majiayao's cultural expansion，The areas involved in this expansion branch are also consistent with the distribution area of ​​modern Tibetan Myanmar people，Reflects the trend of the southward expansion of the primitive Chinese Tibetan crowd。Another south -way expansion branch line south and north branch line reflects the process of the crowd towards the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau，In the eastern Gansu, a Zongri Culture with a strong relationship with Majiayao。other，Malaysia Cultural Horse Factory Types, which is 4,000 years ago, has found domesticated wheat relics，It may be affected by the "Food Globalization in Prehistory"，Also with the aforementioned "wheat" and "barley" and other agricultural -related homologous words appearing in linguistics time nodes to evidence。

　　Ancient and modern genome verification "farming -language theory"

The research of archeology and language disciplines in the Department of Archaeological and Language in the Department of Hanguage and Tibetan supports the spread of the northern millet agricultural population to promote the evolution of Chinese and Tibetan evolution，But there is no good resolution of the crowd research of language carriers。Cultural communication and crowd migration as the two main concepts of archaeological interpretation of cultural changes，In the early study of the Chinese Tibetan Department, there are also explanations。Advances of genetic technical means and applications in the research of crowd origin migration，Direct evidence is provided for researchers to explore the changes in archeological culture and language evolution at the level of the genetic structure of the crowd。

In the Father's Y chromosome DNA study，Modern Chinese and Tibetan Burmese people have high-frequency hac group Oα-F5 and its supporting systems，It is considered to be expanded with the expansion of agricultural people (primitive Chinese Tibetan crowds) in the Yellow River in the Neolithic Bet365 app download era，Its expansion age is estimated to be 5800 years ago; and the high-frequency D-M174 of the Higher Tibetan Myanmar population in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its neighboring areas may reflect the genetic hybrid of the early Hunting and collection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau。other，The higher-frequency morders Orty-F11 and its branches in the Chinese people in the north and their branches are very frequent in modern Tibetan Burmese people，The early separation of Chinese in the Department of Chinese and Tibetan Department of Chinese in the Chinese Tibetan Department is supported，And Chinese and Tibetan Burmese differentiation，The Chinese people in the northern Chinese are also less involved in the formation process of Tibetan Myanmar people。Recent matrilineal mitochondrial DNA studies indicate，Multivalent group A11A1A and M9A1A1C1B1A, which are widely distributed among the modern Tibetans of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau, can be traced back to the northern millet agricultural crowd represented by Yangshao Culture and Ma Jiayao Culture，The differentiation time calculated based on mitochondrial DNA genetic mutation data is positioned at the highest proportion of the Tibetan population in 3300 years。The results of this research and the Chen Fanghu team analyzed the analysis of the relics of the new stone era to the early bronze era in the northeast of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau. Consistent views，and further confirmed the important genetic contribution of the millet people in the Yellow River Basin to the barley agricultural crowd on the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau。

In recent years，With the leapfrog development of the technical means of ancient genetics，Researchers can extract DNA from the remains of the archeological sites to compare and analyze with modern ethnic groups，The genetic homology of modern Chinese and Tibetan Burmese people has direct evidence。Neolithic to Iron Era of the Yellow River Basin、Qi Jia、Ancient Bet365 lotto review DNA analysis of more than ten sites in Yangshan and Longshan Culture period confirmed the hereditary continuity of the agricultural population in the middle and late period of the middle and late stages of the mid -to -advanced new stone era in the Yellow River Basin，And this crowd with continuous genetic characteristics and archeological culture observed in the Yangshao culture and their crowd westward expansion process is consistent。New Stone Age in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River has a lot of genetic contributions to modern Chinese and Tibetan Burmese people，It is the ancestor of Chinese and Tibetan Burmese people，This is in line with the primitive Chinese Tibetan crowd in the Yellow River Basin, which is inferred by linguistics and archeology。Research on the above -mentioned ancient DNA whole genome level verification that the northern origin of the primitive Chinese Tibetan crowd，and the important role of the formation and differentiation of the Tibetan and Burmese people on the north -south edge of the Qinghai -Tibet Plateau in the Tibetan Burmese,。

Integrated Linguistics、New trends of cross -disciplinary research in the Department of Chinese and Tibetan in archaeological and genetics，Research work for researchers，Especially the process of exploring the early evolution of the pre -historical period and the migration of the primitive Chinese Tibetan crowd and the integration with the surrounding people with the lack of historical documents，Provided more comprehensive vision。In the development of the new generation of sequencing technology, observe the genetic relationship and mixed ratio of the ancient and modern people from the whole genome level，combined with the language spectrum evolution model and archeological culture and its relics，Can better explore the origin of the crowd from horizontal and vertical、Migration and hybrid models。

　(This article is the EU ERC major project "Ganqing area language and crowd mixed" (ERC-2019-ADG, 883700-TRAM) Pharmaceutical results)

(Author Unit: Institute of Anthropology, Xiamen University)