Opera is the unique title of traditional Chinese drama，Its meaning has gone through the change of the times。until the early 20th century，In Wang Guowei's book "History of Song and Yuan Opera"，Opera is used to refer to the Song and Yuan Nan opera、Yuanming miscellaneous drama、The legend of the Ming and Qing Dynasties and the comprehensive art of Chinese unique to China and all local opera。In the history of human drama development，Ancient Greek Drama、Ancient Indian Sanskrit、Chinese operas are also known as the world's three major ancient dramas。Where，Although Chinese opera is mature late，But the vitality is the most tenacious，Not only has there a variety of branches and leaves (more than 300 dramas exist)，and the only ancient drama that has survived to this day。As a high -quality heritage of Chinese culture，The opera "going global" is the requirements of the times。"Translation" is the first step of "going out"，However, it is not easy to implement this step。

　bet365 best casino games

Before the 1990s，Linguistics research mainly pays attention to text。With the rise of multi -mode discourse analysis theory，People realize，Except language and text，Sound、Image、Action、Color、Each mode and other modes involved in the construction of meaning in daily communication，All resources generated。This theory has greatly expanded the research field of linguistics，It also provides a new research perspective and theoretical resource for the development of other disciplines。We Bet365 lotto review found，Chinese opera is actually a typical multi -mode text。Compared with other types of style，Opera with both poetic rhyme、Mind Bai，Also with narrative and lyricism，Poetry、Novel、Prose、The ingredients of the drama are packed。Different from the drama、Opera and Dance Drama, etc.，Opera singing、Nian、Do、Four skills。In short，Opera from language、Literature、Music、Dance、Performance、End、makeup and other elements composition，Wen Bei Body、Diverse artistic elements，Is a comprehensive art，Multi -mode prominent。

The starting point of the translator is the original text，The end of the job is the translation text，The work process is a conversion activity between two languages。But this does not mean that the object to be processed is only language，Instead, you should also take care of the meaning of other modes and symbols except language and symbols。Because these meanings are also an indispensable part of the information contained in the original text，Manage the significance of the participation of other modes to be presented in the translation text，It is also the inherent requirements of translation work。These multi -modal information in poetry、Novel、Drama、Prose and other types of styles can be followed，The frequency of frequency is different。Where，Multi -mode information in drama style is the most abundant。Compared with other drama types，The comprehensiveness of opera is more prominent，Multi -mode state is its important attribute。Multi -mode information In the original text of the opera text, build a very high weight，Therefore, in the process of the translation of the drama, you should pay more attention to the transmission of multi bet365 best casino games -modal information。At the same time，We found，Although the opera is a three -dimensional multi -mode art，Translate to its translation to return to language、Return text。Everything has a lust、The beautiful stage presentation，All condensed in the silent colorless、two -dimensional static written drama text，and use this as the starting point of the work of the translator。

　　Discovery and reproduction of multimodal information

In the field of translation research，The concept often used by scholars is dramatic，So how do you operate in the process of opera translation? Combined with the multi -mode of opera，We think，Translator can start from two aspects of understanding and expression。

In the understanding stage，Multimelical is an important attribute of opera art，Multi -mode original work returns to the starting point of the translator's work。After translation of the drama，Only language is left，Other modal information requires the translator to study the drama text，Digging and discovering the multi -mode symbol mark hidden in the lines or between lines，and understand the meaning of the construction of the original opera。Actions in common visual symbols in these multi -modal marks、​​Color、Image、Highlight、Information value, etc.，Sound time in the hearing symbol、song pronunciation、sound quality, sound color, etc.。Drama and singing and performance on the stage are reflected，Elaboration of meaning。Therefore，Discovery of Multi -mode information requires translators to combine text and performances，If you can understand some opera expertise (such as，Astronomy、Gongyu spectrum, etc.)，It is more helpful to capture audiovisual information。

In the expression stage，bet365 best casino games The task of the translator is to use the language that will be found from the original text in foreign languages、Image、Multi -mode information such as sound is reproduced。From Chinese to foreign language，Different from two languages ​​and the culture behind it，Translators will encounter a problem: Multi -mode information found from the original work，Which can be translated、Which can not be translated，Which should be translated、Which should be abandoned，Which should be prominent、How to stand up? it's here，We suggest that translators re -contextize this information。In other words，is to transplant the multi -mode information in the original context as much as possible to the original appearance of the language context，Forms the expression that meets the purpose of the destination、Foreign language translations of communication context and cultural habits。

For example，"Peony Pavilion" in the tenth "Dream of Dream" Du Li Niang's song:，呖呖 呖呖。"" Research and performances and watch performances，It is not difficult to find that this is a typical multi -mode text。In the ear and eyes of Du Li Niang in the first garden，Even the bird's tweets have been given the shape of "cut" and "circle"，At the same time, the two groups of "life" and "呖呖" stack characters also simulate the bird Ming。In this drama, there are both visual symbols and hearing symbols，These two modal information builds very important to the meaning of this word lyric，The translation should be managed to reproduce。This sentence is translated before: "The Swallows Cut the Air with Scissors Tails; The Orioles is Are as Silk."，The expression is also very appropriate，But if you carefully observe it, it is not difficult bet365 best casino games to find，He inadvertently changed the body of the original work -the sound of the swallow "such as cutting" became the image of flying。The tiny changes here are caused by language conversion，Although it is incomplete as the original, it is not a big deal，After all, the original visual information "cut" was reproduced in the translation。The translation of the second sentence will change the metaphor by the metaphor，Translated as "Smooth like silk"。The original work from the cry of the yellow warbler (hearing mode) to the metaphor of the round (visual mode) to the translation to the touch of the silk (touch mode)，It feels round、smooth，The effect is consistent。Translator creatively converts the modal to make the translation reproduce the same effect as the original and even the same effect，A new idea for multimodal translation without losses。

　　Dilemma to deal with multi -modal translation

Translation is the unity of content and form，The existing translation principles are required to be letter -based，The loyalty of the content is the first place，Later is the language of language、Form in form。lyrics lyrics、Opera、Drama Words This type of text translation for singing，Music and singing elements have risen to the primary position，The translation should achieve the effect of singing with the original music。Therefore，Content and language often make concessions or even sacrifice。

Chinese opera is generally divided into two types: plate cavity and song brand。Activation of plate cavity (such as Peking Opera) may still try to sing in foreign languages，But in the song and brand drama (such as Kunqu)，Multi -mode translation is also difficult to help its force。Take Kunqu as an example，There are more than 2,000 Kunqu music cards，A song card is a bet365 Play online games small section of independent music，Through the sound of the word、rhyme、Sentences such as syntax factor factors for combination arrangement，Makes the formal form of a potential emotional force。When creating，lyricist and playwrights fill in the song lyrics in strict accordance with the rhythm elements of the song card。When singing，The singer must strictly abide by the singing requirements of according to the word cavity，That is, the Kun singing cavity (more than 30 types) used according to the four yin and yang of the word text (more than 30 types)。Chinese characters are divided into four yin and yang，Due to different pronunciation, there is a unique cavity in Kunqu，​​and the aria is an important basis for mutual distinction between different dramas。Imagine translating Kunqu songs into English，Because English words are not divided into yin and yang，It cannot match the unique corresponding cavity of Kunqu opera。Without the iconic Kun singing cavity，Even if it is sang, it is not Kunqu，But singing。

Actually，The opera must "go global" without having to cut the foot to perform，Actors may not have to sing in foreign languages ​​in order to achieve dissemination expectations。On the other hand, the spread of foreign songs and opera in China，What Chinese audiences hear and expect to hear are often the original version。Chinese people listening to English songs have long been used to，The opera major of Chinese art colleges also uses foreign languages ​​to teach and learn，Instead，Unacceptable。As for the Chinese version of the Russian song "Night outside the outskirts of Moscow", "Crocon Flower Kai"、Seven -Acts of Life Music Drama "Sound of Music", etc.，The reason why bet365 live casino games it becomes a typical successful case，We are not difficult to find as long as we only compare the original work，In fact, those Chinese versions are no longer a strict translation，but in line with Chinese expression、The rewritten version of the communication context and cultural habits。

　(This article is the Research on the Research of Kunqus External Communication Strategy under the Fusion of Cultural Tourism "(2021sja1375)

(Author Unit: Suzhou University Cross -Cultural Research Center)