Language as a special social phenomenon,Record Times also reflects the times。As a barometer and vane of the times,New words are the intuitive mirror of the country and social style。May 22, 2006,Ministry of Education、The National Language Commission held a press conference to release the 2005 Chinese language living conditions。Since then,National Language Resources Monitoring and Research Center began the annual new word monitoring work,Annual new words in the "Chinese Living Status Report" every year。New words since 2012 have been extracted 3337,greatly enrich the modern Chinese vocabulary system,The main way to produce is the following.。
First is a new word.New word creation is diverse,The first category is to directly describe description creation。For example,"Chinese Farmers Harvest Festival",is the first holiday specially set up for farmers at the national level,The holiday time is in autumnal equinox。"Digital RMB",It is a legal currency in a digital form issued by the People's Bank of China。The second category is rhetoric creation,To metaphorical、Borrowing、Idimistic and other rhetoric methods are mainly。(1) New words created by metaphorical rhetoric。For example,"Ice screen" metaphor refers to a display screen like ice and transparent; "A4 waist" metaphor is as thin waist like A4 paper。(2) New words created by rhetoric。For example,"Eating Melon" borrowed people who eat watermelon without paying attention to the incident,Refers to the people who watch something on behalf of the things;、The power of the original life,Situment to refer to,Try to all the strength。(3) New words created by imitation rhetoric。For example,Imitation of "Internet Car Rating" newly created "Internet chef、Net appointment guide、Internet bicycle、Online house、Internet intensive、Internet Appointment Economy "and other series of" Internet approximate+X "group; similar structures are" x+"(such as" smart+")、"Cloud+X" (such as "cloud economy")、"X+Cloud" (such as "Poverty Alleviation Cloud")、"X+Body" (such as "Zhen Huan")、"Micro+X" (such as "micro -tax")、"Embarrassment+X" (such as "Emotional Chat")、"Sharing+X" (such as "Shared Farm")、"Earthy Flavor+X" (such as "Earth Smell Culture")、"No contact+x" (such as "no contact delivery")、"X+Formula+X" (such as "stepped up"bet365 best casino games ), etc.。The ability to produce new words is extremely high。other,There are also exaggerations、New words created by other rhetoric techniques。The third category is homophonic creation。For example,"Blue Lean -thin shiitake mushrooms" in harmony in Guangxi "uncomfortable crying"; "Monkey Sailei" harmonious Cantonese "good sharp、Great "。
The second is the new meaning of old words.This is a new phenomenon that gives the new meaning that originally existed in the vocabulary system。For example,"God Beast" originally refers to ancient Chinese mythology creatures,It is now used as a nickname for minor children at home。"Store Primary School" originally refers to the ancient post station、Teahouse、Hotel、Service staff in the hotel,Now refers to an enterprise、Government departments and leading cadres that provide thoughtful services at the grassroots level。"Qiao Bridge" originally refers to the bridge made by the sincere emotion of the bird god by the sincere emotion of the cowherd and weaver.,Now refers to the relay satellite of the Chang'e -4 lunar probe。"Get sense" This means the satisfaction generated after obtaining some benefit,Now refers to the happiness of the people shared the results of the reform。
Third is a slight creation.This is through a minimum part of the language or words,Slightly shrink the phrase or sentence into a new word。For example,"Sanxin" is the new development stage、New development concept、Simplified form of the new development pattern。"Five Pass" is policy communication、Facilities Unicom、Financial Fortune、Financial Fortune、The simplified form of the people's hearts。"Asian Investment Bank" is the abbreviation of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank。"Two Expeditions and Two Retreats" is a simplified form of retired for twice a year for two times a year。"Two New One" is the construction of new infrastructure,New urbanization construction,Traffic、Water conservancy and other major engineering construction is collectively referred to。other,There are five syllables and more new words。
Fourth is the new words created by foreign words or letters.For example: "SIP",It is the abbreviation of English Super Intellectual Property,Also known as "Super IP",refers to the value of sustainable development、Original literary and artistic works operating cross -media operations。"Call",Come on、Come on。Call (コ ー ル) originated from Japanese,refers to the slogan shouted on the stage at the stage such as the concert。
Looking at the new word bet365 live casino games since the "Chinese Language Living Status Report",The quantity is large and the update speed is fast,Show the following features。First, the production method is mainly based on new words,Old words new meaning、Small creation and borrowing foreign words or letters created less words。Take 2020 as an example,262 new words,Among them, 216 new words,accounting for 82.44%; 14 old words and new meaning,5.34%; Create 27,accounted for 10.31%; borrowed foreign words or letters to create 5,accounting for 1.91%。The second is that the new words are mainly multi -syllables,Single syllables and dual -tone words are small。Take 2020 as an example,Single Single Words 3,1.15%; 48 dual -tone words,accounted for 18.32%; 74 words of three -tone words,accounting for 28.24%; 92 words of four phonetic words,35.11%; 45 syllables and above words,accounting for 17.18%。Third, the emotional color of the new words is mainly neutral,Take 2020 as an example,242 neutral words,account for 92.37%; a total of 20 words and derogatory words,7.63%。other,The image of some new words in some new words is clear,It will bring people a real and vivid feeling when used。Such as "Super Sky Eyes", "Fat Five", "Bridge", "Master", "Mengxin", "Middle -aged greasy", "Grass", etc.。New word monitoring work,Monitoring is not only language,And social life is active。Looking at the new words since 2012,It can be said that they recorded the decade of contemporary China under different perspectives。
First is the political construction in the new word mirror.political field,Established "Socialist Thought with Chinese Characteristics in the New Era",Introducing the "Eight Regulations of the Central Committee",Line "Learning Power" Learning Platform,Carry out "two studies, one doing" study and education,Require party members to raise "political standing",Enhance "Four Consciousness" and "Four Determines",firm "Four Confidence",Get "four words and four"。Carry out the work of "reviewing rectification",Promote the management of the party from "loose and soft" to "strict hardness",To be promoted or further used candidates, we must achieve "Fanbi Four",Persist in "Tiger Fly Play Together",Open the "Six Qing" operation,Realizing the continuous purification of political ecology。Formulate and introduce the "National Supervision Law",Let the power run in the sun。Adhere to the mass line,Government departments of various local governments link Bet365 app download "Cross -provincial Office",The grass -roots level launched "Loneling to Office" and "Problem Wall",Courts at all levels promoted the "sub -tiered trial",Organization "micro -hearing"。Strengthen the comprehensive leadership of the party,Put forward the "Chinese Dream" guiding ideology,Promote the overall layout of the "Five -State",Implementing the construction of "New Smart City" and "Rural Revitalization Strategy",Winning the "Fighting Poverty Alleviation" battle,Lead the people of the whole country into the "new development stage",Put forward the "Belt and Road" initiative,Dedicated to promote the construction of a "community of human destiny"。
The second is the economic construction in the new word mirror.Economic field,Put forward the development goal of building a "modern economic system",In -depth promotion of "supply -side reform",Strengthen "to reduce supplement",Establish a "China Banking Regulatory Commission" and "Xinlian",Establish a "Pilot Free Trade Zone" and "Xiong'an New District"。(1) New economic formats are endless。Intelligent mode such as "digital economy", "no contact economy", "new individual economy", "screen economy", "Internet economy" and other smart modes,There are also shared forms such as "sharing economy" and "agency economy",There are also different new economic forms such as "Night Economy", "Grass Economy", "Children's Economy" and "Xueba Economy","The first year of live e -commerce" has gone。(2) Currency form innovation。"Digital RMB", etc. appear; "New Tax Law" introduced in terms of taxation,Implement "Social Security Tax" and "Tax Tax Translation" reform,"Sea tax",Line "micro -tax" platform。(3) The loan range is expanded。"Farmers' Anjia Loan", "Loan Loan", "Rental Loan", etc. are open to different needs; "intelligent investment advisory",Guide the funds "get rid of the false into the real",Following "short money and long match", "long money and short match" risk。(4) The consumption method changes。"Reward" and "White Bar Flash" walks into people's lives; new payment methods occupy an advantage,"Micro Banking", "Cloud Flash Payment", "VR Pay" and other gradually replacing cash payment。(5) Implement "Precision Poverty Alleviation",Differential "Red Card Family", "Blue Card Family", "Yellow Card House",Focus on "Three Districts and Three State",Carry out "Replenishing Poverty Alleviation",Create the "Poverty Alleviation Cloud" platform,"War Poverty" won,Enter "the first bet365 live casino games year of well -off"。(6) Organize the establishment of "AIIB",Construction of the "Silk Road Economic Belt", "Ice Silk Road", "Digital Silk Road",Proposal "BRICS+",Build a "dual cycle" and "new development pattern"。
Third is the cultural construction in the new word mirror.The field of cultural,Emphasize "cultural self -confidence",Casting "Consciousness of the Chinese Nation Community",Develop "Chinese Classic Recitation Project",Launched the "Chinese Chinese Characters Listening Conference","Exquisite Culture" and "Earth Smels Culture" merged。(1) Education,Establish a "National Teaching Material Committee",Compulsory education promotion "double reduction" policy,New College Entrance Examination Selection "Pointing System",Some provinces implement "comprehensive recruitment",Promote the "double first -class" construction in colleges and universities。Construction series "Gold Class",Develop "Cloud Class" to ensure that "suspension of school non -stop school",Use "Teaching Width" to deal with "test width"。(2) Technology aspect,Vigorously implement the strategy of "innovation -driven development" and "digital new infrastructure",The historic leap from "following" to "running" and even "leading" in some areas。"Chang'e" Feitian、"Dragon" into the sea、"Sky Eye" Stars、"Beidou" networking,E -commerce marked by "Internet+"、Software information、"Mobile Payment", "Sharing Economy" and other new formats and new mode and new models are endless,"5G Times" has come。(3) Sports,Ice and Snow Sports Implementing the "Southern Exhibition West Expansion East" strategy,The Beijing Winter Olympics was successfully held,New National Speed Skating Pavilion "Ice Ribbon",Design Balent "Winter Dream",The mascot "Bingdun Dun" and "Xue Rongrong" have become the new top flow for the whole people。launched the "Football Cloud" service platform,Successfully held "South Malaysia"。(4) Interest,Putting a "deep tie" requirement for literary and artistic creation,"Mo Yan Hot" rise,The State Administration of Press, Publication, Radio, Film and Television released the "Limited Children's Order","Internet Movie" is released,"Cloud Culture" has happened。
Fourth is the social construction in the new words mirror.Social construction covers medical care、Social Security、Social Security、Tourism、Population and family planning、Community construction and other aspects。(1) In terms of medical care,Get up the construction of "healthy bet365 Play online games China" into a national strategy,Create a human "hygiene community"。Continuous deepening the reform of the medical system,Introducing the "Basic Medicine System" to improve drug supply protection,Guaranteed medication safety,Open the "Extension Prescription" and "Two -way referral" to benefit the people's convenience channel,High -tech technology is used in the medical field,R & D and application "AI Doctor" and "Assistant Smart Doctor",Realize "Precision Medical"。(2) Labor employment,"Stable Employment" and "Employment of Residents" Standing in the "Six Stability and Six Insurance" work first,Establishing "National Hire" online recruitment activities and talent service platform,Emerging occupations "Digital Manager", "E -sports operator", "Agricultural Manager", etc.。(3) In terms of social security,Construction and development of "restricted houses", "common property housing", "self -occupied commercial housing", "guaranteed rental housing",Implement "commercial and residential purchase restrictions", "rent -purchase same right"。"Ferry Train" and "Internet Running" brings convenient life,"Empty Rail", "Cloud Rail", "Pipeline High Speed Rail", "Fuxing" increases China speed。(4) Travel,"Tourism+" mode development,Help economic construction。(5) Population and family planning,Gradually implement the "two -child policy",Treating the "two -child effect","Two Child Power" promotes economic development。(6) Community construction,"Internet+" incorporated into the national top -level design,"Community Smart Brain" and "Interconnected Community" improve the quality of community services and governance,Construction of the "Social Communist Circle" and "Mass Autonomous Circle",Develop "Micro -based Construction" to realize community updates。"Net Comprehensive" gradually rise,"Internet celebrities" in various industries are endless,For all kinds of good and bad information on the Internet,To enhance the "network" and maintain "network right"。"Cloud Life" opens,"No contact" service、"Share" product、"Internet contract" mode becomes a necessity of life,"Chinese aunt", "local tyrants", "slash youth" and other people appear in the public view。"Craftsman's Spirit" practice in all walks of life,"Positive Energy" is highly respected,The people's "gain" continuously enhanced。
Five is the ecological construction in the new word mirror.The field of ecological construction,Determine the "double bet365 Play online games carbon" target of "Carbon Dafeng" and "Carbon Neutrality" in 2060,Put forward the important concept of building a "community of marine destiny"。Published "Ten atmosphere" and "Ten Water Articles" pollution prevention action plan,Promote "dirt -cut carbon reduction" coordinated efficiency,Promote the "Three Control Line",Implementing the "Blue Net" construction operation,Cracking "Chemical Wide Jiang",Rectification "Sanxiao Disdust"。"Two New One" construction guarantees the promotion and application of new energy vehicles,Implement "dual alternative" with clean energy instead of severity energy,Showing "APEC Blue", "Shijin Blue", "Parade Blue", "Winter Olympics Blue"。"Green V customer" and "clean walk" advocate environmental protection and put into action,"Picking Bao" helps garbage sorting and recycling,"Cloud Planting Tree" plant green hope。Changes in the ecological environment are quietly occurring,"Beautiful China" Construction in the future is expected。
(This article is the "Sino -Foreign Language Exchange and Cooperation Center of the Ministry of Education and Chinese History and Culture" (YHJC22YB089) staged results)
(Author Unit: School of International Culture and Education, Heilongjiang University; School of Literature, Heilongjiang University)