Reflection on technological rationality from the perspective of human bet365 champions league
December 13, 2022 09:23 Source: "Chinese bet365 champions league Sciences Journal" Issue 2550, December 13, 2022 Author: Pan Qiyu

In human adaptation、Improve living conditions、In the gradual process of controlling one's own destiny,Technological development and progress play a decisive role。Now,With life medical technology、Information Technology、The emergence and development of a series of emerging technologies such as cognitive science and technology,People use these scientific and technological achievements to directly control、Various ideas of transforming or even enhancing human beings are gradually becoming reality。Technology not only represents advanced production methods,It has also become a means to maintain the operation of human society,And then evolved into a unique mode of thinking and action。Back in the 1960s,Marcuse criticized this "technical rationality" mode of thinking and action。This article intends to start from the theoretical perspective of "human bet365 champions league" which has not yet been taken seriously,Further expand the reflective dimension of technical rationality。
From the etymology,The basic connotation of the concept of bet365 champions league is "susceptible to harm、Influence or attack”。This concept expresses the universal bet365 champions league and interdependence of human beings: each person throughout his or her life,They are all more or less in a fragile or relatively fragile state,Vulnerable to various forms of harm or impact。Human bet365 champions league refers to the bet365 champions league that humans have、Basic attribute of bet365 champions league。The concept of bet365 champions league is basically ignored or denied in the history of mainstream philosophical and ethical thought,Few theorists take seriously the empirical fact of human bet365 champions league,And use this as the entry point and foothold for theoretical reflection。However,With bet365 champions league and autonomy、Dignity、Integrity together becomes the four basic principles of European bioethics and life regulations,Human bet365 champions league has gradually become an important theoretical perspective for reflection on life medical technology。
In daily context and theoretical reflection,The concept of bet365 champions league is often associated with concepts such as harm、Demand、Dependence、The concepts of care and exploitation are mixed together,This also illustrates the importance of clarifying the concept of bet365 champions league in discussions on related issues。We can first understand the concept of bet365 champions league at both the individual and intersubjective levels。From an individual perspective,Humanity is a physical existence after all,Can be hacked、Vulnerable to harm and pain。Fineman accordingly regards human bet365 champions league as the ontological condition of human nature: bet365 champions league is a universal、inevitable、The enduring human condition。At the same time,The concept of bet365 champions league also has its basic social and relational characteristics。Intersubjective power、Ability、Inequality in need or dependence,It will make certain subjects in social interactions more vulnerable to harm or exploitation by others,This expresses a special dimension of human bet365 champions league。
To further our understanding of human bet365 champions league,Rogers further divided bet365 champions league into intrinsic bet365 champions league、Three types of situational bet365 champions league and induced (pathogenic) bet365 champions league are discussed。Inherent bet365 champions league is an inherent condition based on the universal living conditions of human beings、Necessary bet365 champions league。Inner bet365 champions league is closely tied to our physical existence,Comes from our needs and dependence on others。Situational bet365 champions league is a bet365 champions league more related to external factors,It may be by an individual、Society、Politics、Caused or exacerbated by economic or environmental conditions;Situational bet365 champions league often refers to the vulnerable state or greater potential risks of a specific vulnerable person or vulnerable group。Induced bet365 champions league may be caused by a variety of reasons,Refers to the deepening of original vulnerabilities or the formation of new vulnerabilities due to human intervention,The key feature is the destruction of autonomy,Or exacerbate the feeling of powerlessness caused by bet365 champions league。The above discussion of the three bet365 champions league types,In addition to retaining bet365 champions league as a universal feature of the human condition,Also by distinguishing between situational and induced bet365 champions league types,A more in-depth explanation of the external factors that trigger bet365 champions league,Making clearer the special dimensions of human bet365 champions league。
bet365 champions league is universal,It also has its own peculiarities。From a universal perspective,bet365 champions league is inescapable throughout human life、The state of continuous companionship;From the perspective of particularity,Various external factors can trigger or exacerbate bet365 champions league,Even causing some groups to be in a more vulnerable situation。As an undeniable empirical fact in the course of human life,bet365 champions league needs to be faced and taken seriously。The concept of human bet365 champions league raises corresponding ethical demands,Involving obligations、Justice、Care、Autonomy、Controversies on dignity and other social practices and ethical values,They expand a new dimension and foothold for the reflection of technical rationality: treating bet365 champions league as a basic fact of human nature as the ethical boundary of modern technological development。
Technical rational thinking and action patterns are promoting social development、While improving bet365 champions league welfare,It has brought various new problems and challenges to social development。Technology seems to constitute the rationality of the world,Determines the essence of everything。From this,The issue of technical rationality has aroused extensive discussion among modern Western thinkers。Most discussants regard technical rationality as a concept opposite to value rationality。Weber divided rationality into instrumental rationality and value rationality: instrumental rationality pursues instrumental efficiency and practical utility,Emphasis on nature、General control of society and self;Value rationality contains the ethical value dimension of bet365 champions league civilization,It is the inner spirit and purpose of bet365 champions league existence,And points to the meaning and ultimate value of existence。Marcuse inherited Weber’s way of dividing rationality,And then formally proposed the concept of "technical rationality"。Marcuse criticizes technical rationality mainly from the perspective of alienation and social criticism: while modern science and technology improve social production efficiency and economic benefits,It also gave rise to technical rational thinking that understands everything in the world as tools and means。Technical rationality destroys various value systems,Creates what is quantified、Symbolic "one-dimensional person"。Technical rationality has become a new social and political governance system,Making people bound to an alienated way of living,Gradually losing its critical and transcendent dimensions。
The above-mentioned technical rational criticism based on social ideology and politics,Constitutes the main perspective for reflection on modern technological rationality。However,The misunderstanding of this criticism of technical rationality is that it unilaterally equates technical rationality with instrumental rationality,Believe that the promotion of technical rationality will inevitably lead to the decline of value rationality,This leads to the neglect of the positive factors brought by technical rationality and its significant contribution to human civilization - this becomes another "one-dimensional" rigid perspective。At the same time,The scope of intervention by modern science and technology is no longer limited to the above-mentioned macro level。Use scientific and technological means to enhance human physiological functions、Cognitive ability、Human enhancement programs for emotional regulation and even moral abilities have received increasing attention。Therefore,There is an urgent need to transcend this existing technical-rational critical paradigm,Focus on the universal condition of human bet365 champions league,Realize multi-dimensional reflection on technical rationality。
Modern technology no longer has a purely instrumental meaning,It has become a product that modern people use daily without knowing it、Life and practice。In the face of the pervasive penetration of modern technology and technological rational thinking into human life,Need to transcend the original critical mode of technical rationality and achieve dialectical reflection on technical rationality。The reflective dimension of technical rationality requires that we cannot regard the performance of technology in certain fields as the entirety of technical rationality,But try to find an appropriate theoretical perspective,Strengthening the value demands carried by technical rationality。Represented by life medical technology,Modern technology has gradually been applied to the human body、Cognition、Emotions and many other aspects,The perspective of human bet365 champions league is a reflection and discussion on the effect of technical rational thinking on human subjects。Human beings are generally fragile,Neither the creators of technology nor the recipients of technology are completely rational and autonomous beings,It is possible to act inappropriately,They are also vulnerable to harm。The human bet365 champions league perspective requires us to abandon our blind optimism about technological development,It is necessary to establish regulations and systems through careful thinking to regulate the development direction of technology、Protecting vulnerable groups in technical activities。The causes of bet365 champions league caused by technological activities are complex and diverse,We need to introduce a special dimension of bet365 champions league to explain human bet365 champions league and health in life medical technology activities、Autonomy、The connection between concepts such as dignity,In order to more reliably identify and care for vulnerable groups in this activity,Highlight the value demands that technical rationality should contain。
Reflection on technical rationality can have multiple dimensions。The criticism of technical rationality is aimed at non-reflection、Tool-based technical rational thinking mode。This mode of thinking makes the living world become mechanized、Standardized picture,One-sidedly creates a competition mechanism and elimination mechanism that pursues the best efficiency and the best consequences,Therefore, the value appeal of sympathy and care is lacking。The dilemmas pointed out by the critique of technical rationality and the misunderstandings it has fallen into point out the direction for the reflection of technical rationality based on human bet365 champions league,Requires us to treat possible problems and challenges from a more comprehensive perspective。In the perspective of human bet365 champions league,Reflection on technical rationality should be based on the following two basic points: First,Acknowledge universal human bet365 champions league,Avoid abstract human settings;Second,Through technical means,Enhanced analysis of causes of bet365 champions league、Identification of vulnerable groups and overcoming vulnerable states,Realizing the good dimension of technology,Promote the realization of human dignity and well-being。
  (bet365 champions league article is the result of the 2020 Top-notch Innovative Talents Cultivation Funding Plan of Renmin University of China)
(Author’s affiliation: School of Philosophy, Renmin University of China)

Editor: Zhang Jing
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