Tao Hongjing's Qingming thought technology and cultural integration of Taoism in the late Southern Dynasties
March 29, 2022 08:56 Source: "China Social Sciences", March 29, 2022, Issue 2377 Author: Wu Zhongwei

Six Dynasties,Buddhist relationship is a major theme of the ideological world,Between Buddhism and Taoism, there are existing confrontation competition,There are absorbs and borrowing,presents a very intricate ideological pattern。Especially the late Six Dynasties,The second religion of the Buddhist Taoism reflects a conscious cultural integration,I want to give an integrated ideological system before their respective position。relative Buddhism,Taoism took the lead in carrying out this cultural integration work: First of all, Lu Xiujing, Liu Song, to integrate Taoist classics in the form of Lingbao,Developed Taoist fasting ritual,"Qing Tao Taoism"; Later, Gu Huan, the Taoism of Confucianism at the end of the Song Dynasty, was based on Taoism.,Tao is better than Buddha,But I also think that the second religion is the same origin,Use this to mediate the second religion of Buddhism and Taoism。Based on this,Qi Liang Shi's Tao Hongjing absorbs Buddhist factors from a greater cultural vision,Build a more transcendent Taoist "document" system and a more neat "meditation" technology as the core of the upper repairs,So the above form of Qingpai Maoshan has completed the first cultural integration in the late Southern Dynasties。

The establishment of the Southern New Taoism is the process of promotion from Taoism from "surgery" to "education",Just as Japanese scholar Yoshikawa Yoshikawa,"From" Bao Puzi "to the development of" True 诰 ",Is the direction bet365 best casino games of negating Taoism,The rationalization of Taoism、A simple process "。Obviously,Faced with Buddhist vast Sanzang system,Taoism's "teaching method" system is thin and simple,Can't do it,Therefore, the importance of the new Taoism on "teaching" is manifested on the basis of borrowing Buddhist vocabulary and creating new classics,Not only the "classic" system that is existing Taoism is integrated and judged,"Holy" treatment with transcendence。The meaning of Tao Hongjing's "True" is,​​Give a true "Tianshu" system at the end of the festival- "True 诰",Therefore, the sacredness of Taoism and teaching。

What is "True"? According to Tao Hongjing,"True Those,The Together of the Human Mouth also,Just like the Buddhist scriptures say the Buddha said "。Obviously,Relative to the Buddhist Buddhist saying that the relationship with the listener's "teaching",Tao Hongjing also sets the relationship between "real people" and "mouth teaching" and Dao Tao disciples for Taoism。but but,Different from the "teaching" of Buddhism,"Education" of Taoism is also "words",But the "text" image was given at the same time,So Cloud "诰"。In fact,"Education" of Taoism is actually a "text" (document) system,This conceptual source has a self -。As in the Liu Song period, Lu Xiujing has a cloud,"All runes,There are texts,But people do not understand,If you interpret the character,,Can be recording Wanling,Supreme Bai Ghost "。Tao Hongjing is based on the "True Book of Sanjun",Systematic "mythology" processing of Taoism classics,The legitimacy of the "real book" was established。As "True" with Yang Yanzhi,Borrowing Mrs. Ziwei King's mouth cloud: "I invite Chen Weishu to the original。Bet365 app download Formation of the text,It is the five -color first cute、When the article is drawn。Xiu people's friendship,Different Yin and Yang,There are three yuan、Cloudy、group、Book of Feitian,There are eight dragons、Cloudy、Mingguang's chapter also。...,The book of the eight session is the true book,The ancestor of the articles。Yunya Mingguang is the foundation of its roots,There is a book and started。Book of Sanyuan Eight Clubs today,Emperor Taiji Gao Zhenqingxian also used。Yunya Mingguang Chapter,The word of the gods I saw today is also。Er Nai see the world of Hua Ji,Shengzheng chaos,Work together,Fun Trail Book,All corpses are turbid text、The word of obscene,House Effective Fake,It is a rustic private hand。"Here,Tao Hongjing structured the three levels of the "text" system: the book of the three yuan and eight associations、Yunya Mingguang Chapter、Bold Book。Where,Book of Sanyuan Eight Club is "True Book",It can also be said that the text of the text,"If the robbery is open,See you ",It is because of the beginning of the world,From the structure of the world,Discovering its basic nature; the chapter of Yunye Mingguang is based on the book of the three yuan and eight associations,It can be regarded as further "signs" implementation of "true book",The so -called "word of the gods of gods"; as for the text of the world,completely out of "True Book",Therefore, it is the text of the Qiao Mu。In fact,Tao Hongjing's three levels of the structured text,is to cooperate with the "people" monastery realm,人 — correspondence,So Yun "Fu Zhenxian,曷,Under the word undergoing prostitution "。Under the principle of establishing the legitimacy of "Tianshu Reality",Tao Hongjing bet365 Play online games also depicts the spectrum of "True" itself,The so -called "Fang Xun" The Source of the Halal "was born,Beginning with Emperor Jin Ai Emperor Xingning in the second year of Taisui Jiazi Zi Xu Yuanjun, Mrs. Wei,Disciples Yangya Wang Situ Gongfu, Yang Mou,Write by Zhaoli ",After Yang Xuanchuan granted Xu's father and son,Therefore, the name "Sanjun hand book"。Through the structure of the inheritance of "True 诰",Tao Hongjing established the legality of the classics for Mao Shanzong。

The sacredness of the "teaching method" system,Taoism and repair techniques in the Southern Dynasty also improved,From the "surgery" of self -cultivation to the "Tao"。The development of the Jiangnan Road Teaching School and Monastery Technology of the Six Dynasties can be roughly divided into two stages,In the early stage, the Jindan School or Taiqing School represented by Ge Hong,In the later period, the Shangqing School represented by Tao Hongjing。From Taiqing School to Shangqing School,It is the formation process of the formal Taoism form of the Six Dynasties,It also reflects that Taoism took the lead in giving Taoism -based Buddhist and Taoist integration modes。

Ge Hong accepts and reorganized the cultivation technology of "taking" the traditional Taoist tradition of Jiangnan: on the one hand,Ge Hong must be qi、Guidance、The legitimacy of the monastery technology such as taking herbs,But positioning it as "health" and "longevity",Therefore, "small technique"; on the other hand,Ge Hong advocates meditation and Jin Dan as the highest form of doctrine and practice,They "not only can make people drive ghosts,It can also make people immortal,Ge Hong calls the two of the two "。The so -called "Changsheng Xianfang,Only Jin Dan;,It is unique to one "。

bet365 best casino games It was established after the Taiqing School.,Based on fasting and meditation technology,Reconstruction of the previous Taoist tradition。First is Lu Xiujing's Lingbaozhai Method。Lu Xiujing has a cloud in the Lingbaozhai method of "Dong Xuan Lingbao Five Essays","The Nine Methods,Phantom's fast。Taking Qing Su as expensive。Sacrifice wine 箓,With the giant fine。Hungry when bitter,Food and vegetables。Fairy Kings,Water is not teeth。After meals,Water is not teeth。Scripture Mind Word,Do not replace the beard "。For this,Wang Haoyue pointed out,",Advanced Faith is a fasting method created by Tian Shi Zhang Daoling,and Lingbaozhai is a fasting method contained in the classics of Tianshu Lingbao "。Therefore, Lu Xiujing's borrowing and renovation of advice fasting method is displayed here。Followed by Tao Hongjing's Shangqing Mingming Technology。The creation of the Economic Collection based on the reduction of the scriptures,Shangqing School has re -sorted the Taoist Classic Spectrum,Established a new three -hole system,Based on this, a level of arrangement of Taoist practice technology: (1) Metropolitan meditation method; (2) Wai Dan; (3) Qi and guide、Herbal medicine。Visible,Although the Shangqing School has established the highest status of Shangqingxin's technology,but not absolutely rejected Wai Dan,Just reducing it to a second -level technology。Actually,"Internal,Alchemis is considered a meditation practice that belongs to various types ","Shangqing actually makes the nature and purpose of Wai Dan serve its own results,Transforming Dan Danjia into a metaphor for describing the internal process "。

By this way,The cultivation technology of Danda outside Bet365 lotto review the Taiqing School is included in the monastery system of the Shangqing School with meditation as the fundamental technology。Looking at it specifically,The technology of Shangqing Monastery is divided into two levels,1 is "Substitute",One is "Tao"。"Art" is the general exchange of Taoist cultivation technology before the Qing Dynasty,involved various taboos、Ritual and elixir method,Taoist technology that can be understood as a general understanding of "nourishing the body"。For example, contraindications,It includes cure、Follow、Words、clothes、time, etc.;,If you enter the room to burn incense,Both the worship of the seat,Tobbing Yin Zhu,。Only the Symposium,Inspiration ",Another example is "All Stocking Method,When we are present,up and down。up and down,Do not left and right。One vowing,Lest Sanji as good。Gessor must be checked,More teeth,Nai Yongyan liquid ear。This name is Ho Shen He Zhen to ask the immortality。I often see pseudo -custom or misunderstanding the scriptures,Close the air to the extreme,No time,Is it considered benefits,Good Sadness "。On the basis of "surgery" here,Tao Hongjing's principle of establishing the way is "Raising God",I thought "Fu Xue Tao is just wanting to support God,Close the air to the extreme,Empeiched Micro。No words to call,Valging and Lost "。For "Raising God",Tao Hongjing attaches great importance to,If it is pointed out in "Nourishing and Definite Records","God is exhausted,Shape Labor ",Waiting for Qi in the back,Fantastic Nothing,Waiting for Qi in the back,Guide in the idle room,No loss in custody,Bait and good medicine,Then a century -old life,is the permanent division Bet365 lotto review "。In its most important monastery, "Dengzhen Hidden Jue",Tao's is also "rarely gives food,In particular, do not talk about Jin Dan。Speaking of refining and recipe,Mainly the technique of refining God "。Visible,The highest state of Tao Hongjing's "Monastery" is "deficiency and quiet god",and take food、Guidance is a assisted cooperation,This reflects the "Taohua" of the Monashan Monastery Technology of the Qing Dynasty。

To sum up,Tao Hongjing has formulated a transcendent "Tianshu" system through "True",The above Qingmingxiang technology is "Tao" for Taoism and Taoism and Taoism.,Therefore, the relationship between Buddhism and Taoism is mediated based on Taoist positions,The cultural integration system was given the first in the late Southern Dynasties。

 bet365 live casino games

Editor in charge: Zhang Jing
QR code icon 2.jpg
Key recommendation
The latest article
Graphics
bet365 live casino games

Friendship link: Official website of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences |

Website filing number: Jinggong.com An Bei 11010502030146 Ministry of Industry and Information Technology:

All rights reserved by China Social Sciences Magazine shall not be reprinted and used without permission

General Editor Email: zzszbj@126.com This website bet365 best casino games contact information: 010-85886809 Address: Building 1, Building, No. 15, Guanghua Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing: 100026