"Zhao Lun" is a model work of the Chineseization of Mahayana Buddhism，It marks the cutting edge of Chinese thinkers entering the discussion of Buddhist thought for the first time，Try to get rid of the ideological path of Xuan Buddha since the depths of the philosophy of philosophy，So as possible to understand the Mahayana Chinese View of Indian Buddhism as much as possible。"Zhao Lun" is the most important ideological achievement of the "Altar" before，It is also one of the few milestones in the history of Chinese thought。Its main part is composed of "The theory of things is not relocated", "unjust theory", "Prajna Unknown theory", "Nirvana Anonymous Theory"，On the name of the law of the monk Zhao。Master Zhao is one of the most genius thinkers in the history of Chinese thought，It is also an irreplaceable master in the history of Chinese Buddhism。Yao Qin, he grew up in the 16th Kingdoms，Surname Zhang，Jingzhao (now Xi'an) people。Crown Year (20 years old) is to reach "Famous Zhen Guanfu" with Buddhist science。earlier than this，That is the teacher Kumorosh，Rooste push it "Qin people to solve the first"。According to the mainstream view of the scholar's birth year (384)，His twenty -three years old has been written as "Prajna Unknown theory"。Later, I wrote "The Disposter of Moving", "Non -vacuum theory"，Notes "Vima Sutra", "Chang Ahan Scripture", "Hundred Rehes", etc.。His observation in Prajna in Dragon Tree is extremely deep，Although he was born when he was in Wei and Jin，Its theory also has a trace of metaphysics，But after all, you can take the essence of Mahayana Air Zong，The core of its thought is still the middle of the middle。

"Zhao Lun" first came out with this name，Seeing "Zhao Lun Shu" made by Master Chen Huida in the Southern Dynasties。Those who have noted "Zhao Lun" have been ended in the past。Master Tang Yuankang's "Zhao Lun Shu"、Song Jingyuan's collection of "Wu Jiji in Zhao Lun" and its "Ji Lun Jet Modeling Model"、Master Mingde and Qing Dynasty "Zhao Lun Summary", etc.。"Zhao Lun" is deep and rich in philosophy，Just as the rich land can produce all kinds of flowers and fruits，But this article is not intended to deal with the ideological issues of them，​​I hope to use the history before and after "Zhao Lun"，Touch a practical question: How can foreign thoughts realize localization (Sinicization)?

Bet365 lotto review "Zhao Lun" is often regarded as the classic ideological classic，Of course it is good，But in the sense of the history of Buddhism, it also has an important identity that cannot be ignored，That is, "Zhao Lun" is the first model of the Chineseization of Mahayana Buddhism in India，It deeply discussed the core issues of Indian Buddhism in elegant and beautiful Chinese。The former history and history of "Zhao Lun"，It is also the history of Buddhism and eventually Chineseization，Simply outline、Discussion，It is very helpful to understand some basic orientation of Chineseization in China。

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Before "Zhao Lun"，Buddhism has been introduced to China for nearly 400 years。But during this period，It's hard to say that having our own Buddhism。The root cause，In the classic translation of Buddhism、Insufficient research work。Before the opening of Kumorosh，China's Buddhist scriptures have a limited number of translations and are not systematic，Translation is also more questionable，Mahayana Buddhism is especially。Tujia、The translated monk who carried out in -depth research is not Zhu Fahu、Dao'an and other few people。This directly leads to the basic meaning of Buddhism in the Chinese Education community、Main content even lacks understanding。Chinese Buddhist at that time，It is often difficult to reach the "Prajna"、It is difficult for the trainer to judge the difference between the "minister"。It should be said，Roche、Buddhism before Seng Zhao，Relatively reliable and solid advancement of the development of Buddhism，Studies and explanations made based on the translated classics (such as Daoan's research on Prajna)。But unfortunately，This research is not mainstream。The study of Buddhism at that time was mainly based on two ways，"Geyi"，One "Six Family"。In the words of Monk Rui, "Geyi violates good books，Six families are partial "。The so -called "grid"，When determining the translation of the concept of Buddhism and clarifying its meaning，Mainly adopted comparison、Concepts in Chinese culture similar to them。Of course it is translation、Understanding a major taboo of different cultural texts。From the heterogeneity between different cultures，Such translation introduction、The kernel that cannot be touched by the unique culture，Although accepted heterogeneous culture may not be able to leave this process。"Geyi violates good books"，refers to the original appearance of Buddhism who never really understands Buddhism。"Six Family" was a number bet365 best casino games of popular Buddhist doctrines that were popular at the time，The common point of them is to discuss Buddhism in a very free and free way。Some doctrine is hard to say that it is Buddhism，Almost is almost a metaphysics packaged with the concept of Buddhism; some are trying to understand the basic concepts and problems of Buddhism，But its understanding "partial but not"，The basic path of Buddhism has obvious deviations。Some of these influential "non -Buddha" or "Buddha -like" doctrine，Popularly in the name of Buddhism in the north and southern literati celebrities，The fundamental，Or because of the classic translation of Buddhism、Research does not really enter the track。

　The background and characteristics of "Zhao Lun"

Kumorosh's translation business has greatly changed the status of Buddhism in China。Roosted from the Western Regions to Liangzhou，Stay for fifteen years，Master Chinese text，Familiar with the status of Hanthe Buddhism，laid the foundation for future translation work。After Chang'an，Under the sponsorship of the Qin Lord，Roosted Launched Xiaoyao Park Translation Field，Three Thousands of Consistence，Fa set is grand。From this time to the death of less than ten years，His new translation、Re -translated dozens of basic Buddhist scriptures，laid the layout of today's people to Buddhism、Basic understanding of Buddhism。The translation theory of Roche is mainly Mahayana，The Prajna Chinese Viewing Studies of Youzhong Dragon Tree。Roche's translation field is equivalent to a research institute，Here he follows the lecture with translation，Everyone often translates how to determine、How to understand the reason to do warm discussions。The Guanhe area has formed a very strong atmosphere of Mahayana Buddhism。Seng Zhao has always followed Luo Shi in Xiaoyao Garden，Therefore, we can be in the real sense of Mahayana Buddhist atmosphere，You can get close to the mellow Mahayana Master and the most authentic Mahayana classic。Disciple of Rooste is a monk Zhao Wuju，Rhush praises its "solution first"，and even the future generations talk about the inheritance of the Guanhe，What is often、Zhao Zhao said。

Roche's translation movement，Create a Mahayana Buddhist atmosphere that can be encountered for monks，greatly promoted the development of his Buddhist thought，Also the basic motivation of "Zhao Lun"。The most complicated article in "Zhao Lun"，that is, "Prajna Unknown theory"，It is the monk's experience when translating the "Prajna Sutra" in Roche。At the same time，We can’t ignore the background of Chinese scholarship bet365 best casino games native to monks。When he was young, he had to enjoy the history of the classics，Especially in Laozhuang。At that time, the rhythm of the metaphysics was still prosperous，Seng Zhao is sensitive to the learning of You Xuan，Of course, it will be deeply affected by metaphysics。Laozhuang、The mark left by metaphysics，clearly distinguished in "Zhao Lun"。The intersection of the two major academic venues of the Rocos translation of the Roche Scriptures and the Wei and Jin metaphysics in Seng Zhao，There are profound inheritance on both sides of the Hua Van，This is the huge innate advantage formed by the thought of monk Zhao，It is also the basic prerequisite for "Zhao Lun" as the Chineseization of the Chinese Buddhism and the example of the Chinese style。

Specifically，"Zhao Lun" is a model of Chineseization of Mahayana Buddhism? First，"Zhao Lun" has been deeply requested in the problem of Mahayana Buddhism，The basic reasoning in Mahayana Middle -view is extremely deep。Such as "Unrealism"，Title name has proposed the core proposition of Mahayana Sinomi: "Nothing", that is, "empty"。This theory has indeed deeply entered the Mahayana Middle viewing instead of true、In the road of coloring and empty。In the first article "Not Moving" aims to break the dedication of the "impermanence" of the middle root，This seems to be contrary to the basic preaching of "impermanence" in Buddhism，But it is actually the "advanced" statement of the middle way，To this end，Do not with the thinking on both sides，Deep time dimension，Breaking the "presentation of the past" that constitutes the foundation of "impermanence" and "change"。This has been deeply interested in the meaning of "Middle" "Observation"，Can be called a classic of Mahayana Middle -view Studies。

Second，"Zhao Lun" has the characteristics of a strong Chinese traditional ideological model。Seng Zhao grew up in the Wei and Jin era where Xuanfeng was still prosperous，metaphysics constitutes one of its basic ideological contexts，This is reflected in "Zhao Lun"。For example, there is a expression of "reviewing one Qi to observe" at the beginning，"One Qi" is a typical Taoist、Concept of metaphysics，instead of the concept of Buddhism。Fortunately, the monk Zhao has enlightened the study of Prajna，Therefore, we can keep the core of thinking and thinking path of the core of Mahayana Middle view，So as not to enter the metaphysical system。But "Zhao Lun" is affected by metaphysics，Not completely derogatory。View Chinese history，Xuanxue and Taoism are quite different、Surprising and interest Bet365 lotto review is also particularly pure ideological system，Seng Zhao has been immersed in it for many years，Specific ability will undoubtedly get polishing and exercise。Mahayana Zhonggang School has the same style，"Break on both sides by thinking about the skills，Shouzhong Road "。"Zhao Lun" can build such a achievement in the elaboration of Mahayana.，and the polishing of the philosophical thoughts he suffered from China is inseparable。

Another，"Zhao Lun" has the Chinese thought and emphasis、The features of light formal argument。Indian Buddhism is highly formalized，It has its own "dialectics" (Yin Ming)，Form logic of Xuexue is far complicated。The complexity of the concept of Indian Buddhism is also amazing，For example, the yoga faction known for its complexity in Buddhism，The classification of its consciousness and the concept of the universe is amazing。"Central Theory" as the foundation of the Mahayana Scholarship School，Its concept name is not complicated in the Indian tradition，But it is very good at using dialectics，There are more than 20 kinds of dialectical forms that can be sorted out，Therefore。and this tradition is almost not inherited in the "Zhao Lun", which is based on the purpose of elaboration of Mahayana's Chinese viewing.，Of course, this is related to the purpose of rejection of the Mahayana under the Rocos Gate and the purpose of pushing Prajna Empty Zong，But continue to deliver，This should also have a fundamental relationship with the style of metaphysics。Although its inner road has been deeply combined with Mahayana Middle viewing，But all external forms，From demonstration to language style，"Zhao Lun" is quite metaphysical。It should be said，"Zhao Lun" is a typical Chinese -style inspirational enlightenment into the Mahayana Middle -view Scholars，It has never paid attention to formalized demonstration methods。

third，The style of "Zhao Lun" is completely Chinese，Hua Meiya，It is a rare beauty in Chinese philosophy.。Roche's translation is first -class in the history of Chinese Buddhism，The realm that really reaches the Chinese theory of Buddhism，And he praised the monk Zhao's writing better than himself。He has this admiration for Seng Zhao Neng，It can be seen that the gorgeous beauty of the monk Zhaowen。Wei Jin article (including metaphysics papers) is affectionate and gorgeous、literary talent is characteristic，Monk Zhao is at the time，Deep in Wei and Jin Wenfeng，When it is "Zhao Lun", there is the main reason for the literary talent。

　　"Zhao Lun" Apocalypse for foreign thoughts

"Zhao Lun" achievement bet365 best casino games reveals us，Sinical (localized) in the process of foreign thoughts (localization), there are two core elements in the process.。One，Foreign thoughts must be integrated with deep native ideology and culture，This is the fundamental of Chineseization of foreign thoughts。There are precedents for foreign thinkers in history (such as Matteo Ricci trying to spread Christianity in China)，But if the lack of deep local ideological resources is deeply integrated with it，This Chinese -based attempt is basically difficult to succeed。In China，Whether it is Roche、Earlier of Sinicization, the Mahayana Buddhism achieved by monks，It is still the most Chinese thought and style Zen of the six ancestors Huineng，Buddhism、The Chineseization of Buddhism is undoubtedly extremely successful，Of course, this is dense with these Buddhist thinkers with deep Chinese traditional thoughts.。Rooste's successful translation of many Buddhist scriptures that have been fully integrated into the Chinese ideological context，This has a lot to do with the huge translation team he hosted。It is said that there are more than 3,000 people in this team，Almost all are Central Plains，There is no doubt that there is a very strong Chinese ideological and cultural atmosphere。Outstanding talents in the disciples under Rocosmen (the most famous Dao Rong、Seng Rui、Daosheng、Seng Zhaoshi is known as "Shimen Four Saint") in Laozhuang、The depth of understanding in metaphysics is not inferior to that of metaphysics，As the Dao Sheng said, "Forgot to take fish，Can be said to be said "，Seng Rui said, "Mourning me cares about falling"。To "Zhao Lun"，It takes the Mahayana Middle view as the kernel、Ideological quality with Laozhuang Xuexue as temperament，It is a typical typical blend of Huafan。It can be said，What、Zhaoyi is the Mahayana Buddhism that is attracted to the west with the scholarship of China。Because of this，Under the door of Roosted Gate will exclude the Mahayana of the Famous Analysis，Push Prajna Emperor Zong。It is also the study of the Mahayana Air Zong (Middle View), which is very "aesthetic" in Chinese thought，Eventually intact and acceptance by Chinese thought and culture，It has become part of the blood of Chinese thought。In short，Blend with the deep local ideological and cultural heritage，It is the undefeated primary condition of any kind of foreign thought.。

Its two，Foreign thoughts want to be Sinicized (localized)，Need to be recruited、Direct contact with foreign ideology and culture。Why before Roosted，Middle -earth bet365 best casino games Buddhism seems to be separated from zero，Because the Buddhist in Middle -earth is mostly in the state of "Tao Audiovisual" for Buddhism。A considerable number of Buddhist "Buddhism" performed by Buddhist scholars，Full lack of systematic support for Buddhist theory。until the Roche translates，Part of the Mahayana Buddhism is systematically introduced to China，Chinese Buddhist scholars can personally contact the system、Authentic Buddhist scriptures，The establishment of Chinese Buddhism has the basic basis，Chinese scholars can also create a new ideological situation on this basis。The spread of Chinese thought in foreign countries is the same，If the recipient is completely unlikely to directly contact the classic text of authentic Chinese culture，No condition is immersed in the atmosphere of Chinese ideology and culture，So expect the recipient to fully recognize and understand Chinese culture is unrealistic，China's ideological and culture is also difficult to achieve "localization"。It should be said like this，Whether it is spread out of the country's culture or accepts foreign culture，In -depth blending between other culture and local culture。

To say，A kind of foreign thought to succeed in Sinicization (localization)，It must be collided with deep native ideological and cultural resources without gap between foreign thoughts、Fusion，This can really take root、Flower Results，and gradually become the inherent composition of local culture。

　(Author Unit: Ningbo Institute of Finance and Economics)