Zhao Puchu once pointed out，Han Buddhism has farmers and meditation、Pay attention to academic research、The three traditions of international friendly exchanges。Where，Agricultural Zen is one of the representative signs of Buddhist Chineseization。Establishment of the Agricultural Zen system，Make the Chinese Buddhist precept ritual on the basis of Indian Buddhism，At the same time, the new model of the Chinese Buddhist temple economy also opened。Not only that，The combination of agricultural work and meditation，It also improves the thought of Zen practice with Chinese characteristics。

Food is the basic material requirements for monks to practice。In the beginning of the original Buddhist precepts，In order to ensure the unity of the lifestyle of the monk group，At the same time, it is affected by the external practice method，Shamen mainly uses begging for food，Nothing agriculture，It is strictly forbidden to dig soil，Keep "one meal a day，Non -the -dimensional thoughts for lunch "。At the same time，Holders of the head，It is even more settled，Frequently Branch Branch。"Leng Yan Jing" is talked about: "Begging food to nourish the body，Inner Begging Fa with asset life。"The Buddha himself also begged himself，If the first volume of the Diamond Sutra will open the door to see the mountain: "When the Shizun Food，With clothes holding a bowl，Begging Grand City Begging。"From this can be seen，Begging can be called the basic way of survival of the primitive Buddhist monk group。

But，With the expansion of the scope of the social activity of Sanga，The disadvantages of the begging system are constantly exposed。Affected by the real and social environment，Begging activities are bet365 best casino games not smooth sailing，If the year of the disaster、Traffic inconvenience、Poverty、outer path boycott、Extreme Climate and other factors，Begging will become difficult when you are begging。So，"Ten Recitation Laws" commented: "It's rare for hunger begging here，The wives of the people still lack of diet，Evil，Besides people。"" For Buddhist monks，Practice is a hard work，I encounter remote、physical strength, etc.，One bowl of food often causes not to follow the heart。During the Buddha's period，There are records of monks who break the two or even three foods，If "Capricorn Monk only law" once used the Buddha to scold the two monks: "You can't eat it，Morning rising up with two bowls into the village begging，One bowl of food，Food in a bowl，Is two foods。If it is second、Third Education，Ukraine。""，Young Monk、Bhikkhuni and other relatively disadvantaged groups often encounter more practical difficulties in begging，Such as Bhikkhunni begging for food，Just encounter a robber，Want to forcibly obscene。More，Due to begging, you need to do your best，When monks and customs,，Acting of the offenders is naturally inevitable，There are repeated beggar monks in the Buddhist scriptures and recording of vulgarity，I am very upset、Fake Taoist seekers mixed with begging monks，This has laid the seeds of conflict for the orderly development of the begging system and the orderly development of the Buddhist monk。

During the Buddhist period of the Ministry，Shimen's influence in India has further enhanced，The social status of the monk group has also been promoted with the establishment of the concept of "Fa -rectification"。So，The monk group gets a lot of money from the high society、Land、Fangshe、Labor and other giving，Buddhist jungles with a settlement nature start to emerge。Due to the needs of the actual temple economy，Some monk groups also started hiring "unclear Bet365 lotto review things"，Among them, net people cook food for monks。The second assembly after the Buddhism contained in the southern classic，The focus of controversy is mostly diet。On the problem of dealing with the daily diet of the monk group，"Capricorn Monk only" appeared in a large amount of net cooked food to instead of begging for monks，As "if Bhikkhu wants to cook stone honey，When the net person is cooked "," if you cook meat, make it to gather、Vegetables withered，I have to cook the self -cooked order，down to cooking ginger soup, you must not cook yourself，Cook the net person "。This indicates，With the development of Buddhism and the improvement of socio -economic level，The traditional begging system can no longer adapt to the secularization process of Buddhism。

After the Dream of Emperor Angle Dreams，Buddhism gradually enters the East。As a foreign religion，Buddhism first needs to face the conflict between Indian culture and Chinese culture。Chinese farming society, which is deeply influenced by Confucianism，Cutting love in the Buddhist precepts、Begging for a living and other practices with the actual concept of national conditions in China departs。So，Internal Buddhism has also begun to restructuring the teaching rules and teaching。As far as begging is concerned，Confucian classic "Book of Rites" believes that "gentleman is not affected by the food"，Living for farming、Under the cultural concept of relocation of Anju，Parasitic methods that begged for food are deeply scornful by mainstream culture，The dietary system of primitive Buddhism is incompatible with Chinese social life。In this background，Debugging the begging system，It also means the opening of the process of Sinicization of Buddhism。

According to the existing data test，Western Jin Dynasty，Monk Dao'an is the time of Sami，Plowing in Temple，Just as the classic contains: "Cut out of the wasteland，The beginning of Dao'an is also the monk's system bet365 best casino games "; when the Eastern Jin Dynasty first entered the Sandima, he also" dozens of people in Tanaka rice with classmates "。This shows that late to the Jin Dynasty，Some Chinese Buddhist monks opened the attempts of self -cultivation。But，Affected by Indian Buddhism，Early monks' cultivation in person has not become a consensus specification，Master Master East Jin Dao Heng once wrote "Refute theory"，Criticizing the Salmon "or reclamation of the field garden，Qi flow with farmers; or business travel Boyi，Competition with everyone "，At that time, Chinese Buddhism still retained the Buddha's legacy。

After the Northern and Southern Dynasties，The jungle system of Chinese Buddhism gradually matures，The monks who originally lived in the unspoken of Tou Tuo gradually revived the monastery、Thousands of plants，As in the Liu Song period, Mamo Mo Mo，Dahong Zen industry，"Establish a fine house in the leisure place，Thousands of plants，100 acres of the park "。At the same time，In order to avoid monks from traveling to the monks, the monks have been "messy"，Only the monks who are holding an official seal to travel to the folk。In this background，The settings of the settings objectively lost the external conditions of begging，mainly based on the support of believers and the court。For example，"Southern History" records the prosperity of Jiankang Buddhism in the Southern Dynasty，"More than 500 people under the Buddha Temple，Poor Extreme Gallery。More than 100,000 monks and nuns，Asset Fengwo "。There is Tang Dynasty，The Buddhist settlement system is more complete，At that time, the monks at that time mainly lived in receiving support，Emperor Sui Yang once supported more than a hundred monks in Changan，The mainstream Buddhist monk group basically bid farewell to the begging method of primitive Buddhism，Living in a good place，Yishan Piece Forest，Anju Chuan method。

Under the background of the gradual improvement Bet365 lotto review of the settlement system of Buddhism in the Han Dynasty，Using acceptance as the main lifestyle of the sand gate, it is obviously unable to adapt to the development logic of the localization of Buddhism，It also added tremendous pressure to the socio -economic。If there is no proper survival method，Relying on the giving as a result of a lifetime can cause negative effects。The Taoist priest Li Zhongqing of the Tang Dynasty has criticized: "Today's Nakya Tyra Law，No weaving or farming，Scripture without the method of granules，Tiankong Flowing Cross Fu。""，The start -up Zen has made a pioneering response，Four Zu Daoxin was when Huangmei Shuangfeng Mountain Hongfa，"Choose Land，Yingyu Li statue "，Encourage the monks to eat for their own strength，Reject "诏 诏" at the same time，To protect the Buddha's door，Avoid the abuse of the world。

Huangmei Zen method has opened up the precedent of future generations of Zen Zen，At the same time, the reputation of Shimen is maintained at the same time，A response to the suspicion of the outside world。With Hong Ren、Huineng、The first -class monk of Matsu Dao Dao's further micro -micro，The cultivation system has been built in the east jungle，Until Baizhang Huaihai Zen Master formulated "Baizhang Qing Ru"，Standing "Never Work for a day，Non -Eternal Training for One Day "，The Farm Zen system of Chinese Buddhism is officially established，All monks personally participate in farming practice and production activities，It is called "Pu"。This is the same as maintaining the purity of Galan，It has also formed a stable Buddhist economic system。One time，The Zen of the World "Rufeng Grass"，Getting rapid development，Gradually becoming the representative denomination of Buddhism Sinicization。"Puxu" laid the characteristics of equal emphasis on Chinese Buddhist agricultural Zen，In the development of Buddhism in later generations，Nong Zen also always represents Bet365 lotto review that Shimen has no dispute with the world、Keqin and frugal lifestyle，generations of generations of Buddhist monks 筚、Open mountain split forest，Combining farming and practice，Finally became one of the most important traditions of Chinese Buddhism。

Establishment of the Chinese Buddhist Agricultural Zen system，Not only the new and localization of the monk group's practice of localization，At the same time, it is also a Chinese -style creation of Buddhist precepts。On the problem of conflicting conflict with the precepts of the original Buddhism，Zen Zen uses Prajna Thought on the theory of law;，Dao Xin Zuo "Bodhisattva Ring"，It is believed that production labor can be supported;，Baizhang Zen Master thinks，Whether the cutting grass is guilty is determined by the heart，If the heart is like a void、Don't leave one thing，Sin report is nowhere to be placed。This is the same as that of Hui Neng's non -phase precepts，The upcoming convert to the implementation of the self -consciousness and eventually integrate it to Zen。This objectively promotes the development of Zen science，No thought、No stay、The way of practice without phase gradually rooted in people's hearts，"Keeping the Heart and Holding the Precepts" has become a significant feature of Chinese Buddhist precepts，The unity of precepts and self -integration also meets the inherent needs of Confucian thoughts for benevolence。About the Chinese monk system of "Fangbini"，It can be regarded as a higher sense of conscious specification，It is also a key factor for Zen ancestors to become the leader of Chinese Buddhist sects。From the perspective of social influence，Agricultural Zen and the emphasis on Buddhism also built a high house in terms of ideology and reason，Maintaining the understanding and respect of the traditional cultivation of Chinese farming，The lifestyle of Shamen worked is close to the distance between monks and customs，Establishment Bet365 lotto review of Buddhism without sentient beings、Professional religious prestige。When encountering the famine years，The monk group is even more active giving，Hongfa Ji Shi，Interchange of this supporting identity，It is the spirit of the Chinese Buddhist Bodhisattva.，It also maintains the soil where Buddhism survives in the Han Dynasty。Comparison of comparison，祆、Jingjiao、Maniism and other foreign religions，Failure to change the string of related teachings for the actual national conditions of China，In the end, due to the dissatisfaction of the soil and water, the death of the history of history is in the dust of history。

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(The author is the lecturer of the Marxist College of Suzhou University of Science and Technology、Director of the Department of Political Department)