"Dream，Unknown "，Dream is a complex psychological experience，It is an important part of human daily life，Because of its absolute exclusion -unable to do collectively and proves by a third party，It is difficult and mysterious。宗教社会学家彼得·贝格尔（Peter L. Berger）曾指出，sleeping dream、Illusion is a "marginal situation" that is threatened to actual order，Falling in it，Daily reason、Order and meaning may be swallowed at any time，People may be subverted by people's perception of their own identity，Death is the most extreme form of this marginal situation。To prevent the break between the real world and the supernatural world，Each society has developed a set of symbols that help their members "rationalize" individual experience，and religion places the life of human life in a sacred order with the ultimate significance in a sacred way。Ancient Chinese culture also has a set of complicated and huge symbols of symbols，Dream is one of them，It is given the meaning of some kind of guiding real life。As early as the pre -Qin period, systematic dream knowledge and career dreamers appeared，Since the long historical evolution，Type of Dream、The cause and the dream method have produced a rich argument，formed the unique dream culture of ancient China。

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Ming Dynasty is an important period for the development of Chinese dream culture，Not only does it emerge a large number of dreams about praying、Dream、Literary works such as notes and opera in Yimeng，There are also dream books such as "Dream Occupy", "Dream Occupy Test", "Dream Lin Xuan Jie"，Tang Shunzhi、Wang Tingxiang、Fang Yizhi and other Confucian scholars made a breakthrough theoretical interpretation of the cause of the generation of dreams。At the same time，Buddha、Discussion on Dreams of Taoism also emerges endless，A wave of dreams in social and culture。

Buddhism has been related to dreams since the introduction of China，Emperor Hanming opened the exploring and dissemination of Dharma due to the Dream Golden Man，Dreamful expressions in the Buddhist scriptures are endless，Meng Chang and Fantasy、Bubble、Shadow、Delo and other parallel，bet365 best casino games metaphor for the world's laws and emptiness。other，Buddhism also uses dreams as an important practice method，If the Mahayana Buddhist classics "Bodhisattva Dream Scripture" records the saying of the world's promotion Bodhisattva, please use 1008 dreams，Elaborate content of different dreams、Reasons and the practice realm and method of practice。The wind of Buddhism in the late Ming Dynasty is particularly prevalent，The jungle Zunsu represented by the four major monks is continuously discussed around the relationship between "dream/consciousness"，The interpretation of "Dream is the Dharma", "Dream Summary", which claims "dream is the Dharma"，It is called，"Scholars' time，Powerful，It must be checked from the dream。I dream of my first time，Such as a black house into a black house，Later dream，If you walk down the lamp in the moon，Dreaming now，If you are too void，Flying Floating Clouds "，It can be seen that dreams have been regarded as inspection and practice realm in Buddhism。other，Monks of all generations have all through many types of "dream dreams" to shape the sacred image of monks，This kind of dream writing during the Ming and Qing dynasties extended to the layman group，Such as "Pure Land Sage Records" and "Langshi Biography" and so on through rich dream records，The impact and significance of the Dharma on the practitioners in the home for the Dharma。

Taoism also has a long dream theory，One of its important features is the attention of dreams。According to Taoist beliefs，The three corpses hidden in the human body can make people have all kinds of evil dreams，Therefore, the monk should use a mantra、Spell or elixir 禳 禳 禳 禳 禳 禳 Three corpses and nightmares。Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties，The mechanism of Taoism on the formation of nightmares and the method of treating nightmares has formed a more systematic discussion，The Dream of Evil Dreams still has a profound impact in the world of the Ming Dynasty。Bridid ​​E. Vance pointed out，《梦林玄解》的“梦禳”部分所收录的辟恶梦之咒说与道教神灵信仰有关。There is also a unique "sleeping skills" in Taoist Neidan studies，According to the records of "Licensed Shizhenxian Taoism"，Chen Ye used the dream as a special method for cultivation of Nei Dan，Division of "Sleeping Sleep" and "Sleep of the Person"，To strengthen the control Bet365 lotto review of the monks' ideas for dreams。This method is passed on to Zhang Sanfeng in the Ming Dynasty and is called the "Dragon Law"，attracted the attention of a group of literati, especially health enthusiasts，If the "Zun Sheng Bai Jian" of Gao Ming Gao Ye is included in the picture of sleeping skills。Zhou Lingjing's "Red Poor Smooth" also records Chen Yan's "Huashan Twelve Sleeping Power Tips"，It is called，"The life and death of the world are all dreams，If you are the one, you are not，No delusional，No dreams without delusion，Gou Dream，Also true，Non -lustful dreams。Therefore, the heart is often deficient，God Changcheng Zhan，Nothing to go，Non -born and immortal "，The sleeping time of Taoism has attracted the attention of the knowledge elite。

To sum up，Ming Dynasty Buddha、Taoist Dream of Dreams prevails，and jointly dream as one of the practice methods，With the fusion of the three religions in the late Ming Dynasty, it gradually becomes part of the cultural atmosphere of the times，provides ideological resources for the emphasis on dreams and the development of dreams for Confucian scholars。

　　Yangming Heart Study and Dream Examination

and Buddha、Different Taoism，Confucianism associates dreams with virtue cultivation，If Jia Yi of the Western Han Dynasty proposed the saying of "dreams and evils"。From the Song Dynasty Zhang Zai and the Second Program、Hu Hong、Zhu Xi and others，even linked dreams with heart cultivation，The direction of the "time when sleeping" was opened，Expand the provincial province to the full -range spiritual life，Liu Wenying、Fu Zhenggu、Changyu、Chen Lisheng and other scholars have related research。To say，Song Confucianism generally recognizes the validity of "Dream By Dream"，Lu Jiuling disciple Shen Huan so -called "Wife Wife，Yebu Zhu Dream，Type two，Beginning "can be used as a typical example of this view。

Song Ru incorporates dreams into the field of moral cultivation，Reflecting the internalization trend of attention activities，and Ming Confucianism, especially Yangming Heart, strengthens this tendency。Wang Yangming's "Four Sentences" said: "No good is the body of the heart，There is a motivation for good and evil "。In other words，Inconsistent mind and body are the most good moral subject，The source of evil is attributed to the launch of ideas，The so -called "The body of the heart is not incorrect，Start bet365 live casino games from its thoughts，and then there are incorrect "。The mobility of ideas is good and evil，Evil，Because of "one thought and stagnation"，I have a stagnation of the mind、Perseverance and become private desire，Coupled with the fumigation and dyeing of the day after tomorrow，Sui flowing from evil。Therefore，In the learning of "Consignment" in Yangming，The "sincerity" of the "sincerity" of the "sincerity" of the launch of the pain and scraping of the mobilization of the mobilization of the mobilization of the launch of the mobilization of the good and evil。In the late Ming Dynasty, Liu Zongzhou, the Army of Confucian Confucianism.，But just good and evil "" Four Sentences "for Yangming，Dan Shan also holds a highly vigilant attitude towards the disadvantages of ideas，Proposal to "grammn as holy" rule，其晚年所撰的《人谱》更以“卜动念以知机”作为日常工夫实践的关键环节。Yangming Heart Study's Follow of the Faches of Mind，Promote Confucian province to save effort to extend to a more hidden and deep soul world，The clear and evil miscellaneous mixed of dreams becomes an important thing for Confucian self -provincial inspection.，If Liu Zongzhou said, "People can also be available in their own depths in their dreams"，He himself also "Recently dreams，When there is no dream or no dream "to test your own scholars。

Yangming Heart Study on the monitoring of the state of self -mind strengthens the emphasis on the Confucian people's attention to the dream test，This is especially reflected in their slim diary，In the diary, the evil of dreams is becoming one of the homework that many Yang Ming scholars have saved in the daily life。As Luo Hongxian's disciple Hu Zhi，"There is" Breaking Records "，There is "Replent Daily Record"，Xin Weili "Diary of the Sleeping Study"，One thought of day，Xi Yimeng，Shao Yan Dao，The litigation is my own，Secret Dedication with Self -Pharise "。Hu Zhi's self -cultivation diary is clearly changed as the target，Strict provincial inspection of the thoughts and dreams of "Less Tao"。other，Luo Rufang's "Gui Yan Diary" also frequently appears records of the clear and evil mix of dreams，and use this as a standard for assessing whether your mind and body are clear，It shows the inner deepening and strictness of the inside of the provincial inspection。The northern kingmen learned Meng Hua and wrote "Daily bet365 live casino games Daily Methods"，Detailed regulations for acting from morning to night, sitting and lying from morning and night，Among them, I need to have a dream to have a dream for last night from the morning、Whether there is lust in dreams、Whether the police province is in Chasi。Dream testing in Confucianism in the late Ming Dynasty is still an important issue，For example, Huang Chunyao, a famous minister at the end of the Ming Dynasty, regards the "dream" as a must -have part of the self -provincial inspection，"The day quality is done，Dreams of the night test，Two items are indispensable。Damnian，The vouchers made "also"。

In short，Under the influence of Yangming Heart，The Confucianism in the evening is stricter for the provincial inspection of ideas，Dreams are important parts of internal conscious activities，At this time, it is no longer purely regarded as a mysterious sign，Instead, it becomes a voucher for inspection day behavior，Dream test becomes one of the daily self -cultivation workers。

　　Dream Writing of the Blend of Sanjiao

Main age to drop，Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Taoism gradually formed a common ethical order，The handling of "marginal situations" is also increasingly presenting similarity。For example，In the late Ming Dynasty, many Confucianists no longer accept the traditional concept of the Confucian family's death in the ultimate care，Instead, it is thought that the moral cultivation status of life will determine the situation after death，The concept of immortality after the death of the sage after the death，Huang Zongxi believes that the spirit of the sages can stay in the world、dead but not dispersed，This is with the Buddha、Taoism's view of life and death is very close。Corresponding，During this period, Confucianism's writing and understanding of dreams also showed the characteristics of religiousization。

In the Ming Confucian spectrum、In the line，Dreams with a precursors of significance are often regarded as a big event in the life of the Lord's life.。These dreams are different，There are fetal dreams made by parents and loved ones before birth，The most famous is Wang Yangming's grandmother's dream "God sent children from the cloud"，These mysterious fetal dreams often indicate the unique endowment that is different from ordinary people。Another type of dreams that appear frequently are related to the imperial examination，The prosperity of the imperial examination bet365 live casino games since the Ming Dynasty is far better than the previous generation，"Dream of Famous Dreams" related to the imperial examinations has also become a key event in the life of Confucians，Such as Huang Chunyao's "Chronicles" records that when he participated in the county test at the age of fourteen, "Dream Sheng's two wings fluttered and flew to the sky，Folding a folding a wing fell to the ground "，This dream is considered by people to be a sign of his future flying。There is also a type of inductive dream.，Meet with the ancestors in the dream，This kind of dream is based on Confucius Dream Zhougong，Endless in the related records of Confucianism in later generations，If the Wu Yuye of the Chongren School of the Ming Dynasty, I frequently dreamed of dreaming of Confucius、Wang Wang and other saints，Reflect that his urgent mentality of self -cultivation and sanctification。Divine Dreams of the private experience through self -writing and biographies spread，shaped the unique traits of Confucianists，This is similar to that of the Buddhist monk to shape the image of a monk with a dream sign.。

In addition to the Dream Zhaowa as a key event in life，Late Mingshi is still keen on dream writing in daily life，and use it as a test of nourishment with。Take Huang Chunyao's "Jiashen Diary" as an example，Records，"Dreams of time in dreams，The lid is a test of habit without washing "，"Night Dream，Between elegant customs，A history of the elegance，Vulgar person clothes crown，All the reason for the absence of unparalleled "。Yang Mingxue believes that it is related to habitation and habit，Therefore, it is necessary to do the scraping work of the provincial Chaki，Huang Chunyao's example shows how Confucianism extended this time to dream at the end of the Ming Dynasty。In addition to Confucian ideological resources，Buddhist factors also penetrate into Huang Chunyao's dream，Lynn A. Struve (Lynn A. Struve) is based on the frequent reading Buddhist scriptures in the diary、Records of Zen Master Quotations，Point out the image of "water" and "floating boat" often appearing in its dreams，Symbol of the metaphor of Buddhism's "ignorance of bitter sea"，represents his feelings of death and suffering。Under the joint influence of science and Buddhism，Desire Especially the lust becomes the object that Huang Chunyao must first be removed，He constantly records the traces of fighting with desire in his diary: "Send another bet365 live casino games desire，Desire for a long time and keep constantly，There is something desperate，and endless wait，Ring Zhi，Ring Zhi。"The strictness of its" desire "work，Even in the dream, I never relax。Actually，The dream writing of the late Mingshi has become an important symbol of Buddhism，如刘锡玄的《围城梦卜》就根据自己的亲身经历记录了近50个入黔前后所做的各种梦境及对梦境的“释义”，Among them, symbols related to the Pure Land of Buddhism，The whole work can be called the Pure Land Temple Writer。It can be seen in the thought of the rejuvenation of Buddhism in the late Ming Dynasty，Buddhism has deeply penetrated into the spiritual world of the gentry class。

Western psychologist Jung believes that dreams have a compensation effect on the spiritual structure，Japanese Ronge psychologist Hehe Hiroshi Koto further pointed out that dreams have the function of recking the mind to balance，According to a dream, it can be speculated that a person's state of consciousness has reached a certain degree，and improve your own way of survival and attitude。Ancient Chinese Intellectual Elite has long used dreams as a way to monitor internal consciousness in the way of self -conversion，This is related to the internalization trend of Song and Ming Confucianism, especially Yangming's mind, and cultivation.，But the Buddha cannot be ignored、Taoist dream tradition。Those texts that record dreams，Help reveals the rich and diverse side of the world of thought in the late Ming thought world，At the same time, it also provides us with valuable first -hand information for us to understand the ancient intellectual elite。

　(The author is assistant researcher at the Chinese Excellent Traditional Cultural Research Center of Nanjing University of Nanjing University)