David Harvey’s reflections and criticisms on modern bet365 bonus code indiana
August 18, 2020 09:35 Source: "Chinese Social Sciences Journal" August 18, 2020 Issue 1991 Author: Zhang Shuang

David Harvey analyzed the development trajectory of capitalism into seven “levels of activity”,i.e. bet365 bonus code indiana and organizational form、Social relations、Systems and institutional arrangements、Production and labor process、Natural relationship、Everyday life and the reproduction of the human species,And the world’s ideas。Among them,bet365 bonus code indiana and organizational form are a key “level of activity”,its changes in social relations、The relationship between man and nature has had a profound impact,At the same time, it has become a driving force for the continuous expansion of the geographical scale of capitalist activities。

  bet365 bonus code indiana controlled by capital

What is bet365 bonus code indiana?Harvey thinks,bet365 bonus code indiana is a means of using natural processes and things to create products to meet human purposes。We are often delighted by the many conveniences brought to us by the application of bet365 bonus code indiana in production and life。However,In Harvey's opinion,The bet365 bonus code indiana itself, no matter where it comes from、The application depends on the final result,Not a neutral existence。In the process of examining the trajectory of technological evolution,Harvey discovered,bet365 bonus code indiana and capital are intertwined。On the one hand,bet365 bonus code indiana is increasingly becoming a capital business,Become a special business field。On the other hand,A new bet365 bonus code indiana is not created to meet people's existing needs,Instead, people’s needs are created to meet the need for new bet365 bonus code indiana consumption。In the relationship between technological innovation and people’s needs,bet365 bonus code indiana is the end and people are the means;In the relationship between bet365 bonus code indiana and capital,bet365 bonus code indiana is the means or intermediary used by capital to achieve its own expansion and accumulation,bet365 bonus code indiana serves the purpose of capital;In bet365 bonus code indiana、In the relationship between capital and people,People become the object of capital and bet365 bonus code indiana control。So,Harvey thinks,bet365 bonus code indiana is not a neutral existence,The generation and application of bet365 bonus code indiana reflect the various purposes that humans hope to achieve by using bet365 bonus code indiana、The reproduction of capitalist class power,And capital’s pursuit of accumulation。

From the perspective of the history and logic of capital,bet365 bonus code indiana is used by capital to accomplish five necessary and intertwined tasks: First,Promote efficiency as much as possible through optimized cooperative organization and division of labor、Improvement of profitability and accumulation of capital。Second,At every stage,Capital flow must be accelerated,By shortening the turnover time of capital in the production process and the market,Capital completes "Destroying space through time",Eventually led to a series of amazing technological revolutions。Third,The survival and sustainability of capital depend on the bet365 bonus code indiana of producing and disseminating knowledge、Provide information on technologies for storing and retrieving data,To guide investment decisions、Marketing activities, etc.。Fourth,Through new hardware bet365 bonus code indiana capabilities、The intense interaction between new organizational forms and software bet365 bonus code indiana that develops at an alarming rate,Capital promotes the operation of accumulation by dispossession and speculation in asset values ​​in the financial and monetary fields;Fifth,Work and labor are a key “arena” for capital,The invention of capital utilization bet365 bonus code indiana、Innovation and Adoption,Complete the work、Labor and workers’ control。These five tasks of bet365 bonus code indiana directly point to two goals: one is to complete capital accumulation,The other is to realize the reproduction of bourgeois power。

  Collusion between bet365 bonus code indiana and capital

The smooth operation of capitalism is based on capital accumulation and the continuous growth of capital。There is no endless accumulation,The capitalist system cannot be maintained or even exist,Zero growth means a crisis of capital for capital。Marx pointed out when analyzing the circulation process of capital,Number of capital appreciation、The number of times the capital value is reproduced and multiplied depends on the velocity of circulation,That is, the time of circulation。Time is a key factor that affects the speed of capital accumulation,So in order to maximize capital accumulation,Capital must compress the time cost to the minimum in the way of "time destroys space"。Harvey pointed out,Driven by the goal of capital accumulation,New technologies continue to emerge,bet365 bonus code indiana that can achieve the goal of capital accumulation will soon have a market。Capital has overcome spatial barriers with the help of bet365 bonus code indiana,Promote the accumulation of capital globally,And the accumulation speed is getting faster and faster,Accumulation methods are becoming more and more flexible and diverse。Due to the huge role bet365 bonus code indiana plays in capital accumulation,In Harvey's opinion,Capitalist society has formed a culture of “bet365 bonus code indiana worship”,It seems that any problem can be solved with bet365 bonus code indiana,Technological innovation has become a fetish object of capitalists。

While capital uses bet365 bonus code indiana to complete accumulation, it also realizes the reproduction of capitalist class power。In Harvey's opinion,Capitalists have gained control over workers through bet365 bonus code indiana,Including control of workers’ bodies、Control of labor skills、Control of workers’ time outside of work。In terms of control over workers’ bodies,Capital’s invention of some technologies in its history、The first goal of improvement and adoption is to control labor。Through factory system、Taylorism、Automation、Robotization, etc.,bet365 bonus code indiana effectively saves work and labor、Save time、Effort saving,But at the same time, the result is that workers become random appendages of the machine。Capitalist production is no longer an art,Workers are not “individuals with unique artistic skills”。In terms of controlling workers’ labor skills,In order to cater to the needs of new technologies or new machines,Workers have to go through the process of "deskilling" or "re-skilling"。“De-skilling” or “re-skilling” workers is not the elimination of skills themselves,Rather, it deprives workers of their exclusive power over labor skills。For this,Capitalists provide a lot of training,Turn relatively scarce skills into skills that everyone has the opportunity to master。When this skill loses its exclusivity,The cost of hiring laborers for capitalists will also be greatly reduced。In terms of control of workers’ time outside of work,Due to the use of bet365 bonus code indiana,A lot of labor is automated machines、Replaced by artificial intelligence,More and more time is saved in production,Workers are also liberated from the hard labor of production。However,In order to avoid free communication between workers outside of work and the creation of individual self by workers,Capital relies on bet365 bonus code indiana to create more and more goods and services,Absorb workers’ time into consumerism,To occupy the free time released by new technologies。In addition,In the process of consuming workers’ time outside of work,bet365 bonus code indiana and technological innovation also destroy the possibility of solidarity among workers。So,bet365 bonus code indiana and technological innovation have not become the "key weapon for workers to carry out class struggle" that Marx expected,On the contrary, it has become an effective weapon for capital to deal with class struggle。

  Eliminate the alienation of modern bet365 bonus code indiana

In the process of capitalist development,There is a collusive relationship between capital and bet365 bonus code indiana,That is, capital uses bet365 bonus code indiana to complete capital accumulation,bet365 bonus code indiana relies on capital to innovate and change。Both capital and bet365 bonus code indiana are beneficial to workers、Working environment、Indifference to production processes and production activities、Ruthless。Harvey pointed out,Although modern bet365 bonus code indiana cuts off the sensory interaction between people and the world,Capital reduces people to meaningless existence,But due to the irreversibility of technological changes,We cannot live without bet365 bonus code indiana。

In Harvey’s opinion,We need bet365 bonus code indiana to address global environmental degradation、Abnormal growth in population trends,Improving global health、Education and Nutrition Issues,Using bet365 bonus code indiana to counter military and geopolitical tensions,bet365 bonus code indiana can even be used to achieve a non-capitalist society、Ecological and political purposes。bet365 bonus code indiana is a contradiction,Although the existing bet365 bonus code indiana expresses and displays the mentality and practice of capital seeking class domination,But it also contains the potential for liberation。So,Harvey calls for the need to actively explore this potential of bet365 bonus code indiana in the fight against capitalism。In which direction should the development of bet365 bonus code indiana go??To this,Harvey made it very clear,This choice is in people’s hands,That is, the choice of value lies with people and not with nature itself。Although we see harmony and balance、Beauty, morality and stability、Cooperation and mutual assistance、Ugliness and violence、Level and order、Competition and Survival、Unrest and changes、Causation、Unity of opposites、Chaos and disorder、Division and attraction, etc.,But these are not the “natural values” inherent in nature,It is the part of our own value prejudices that is revealed to us。Therefore,What ultimately determines stereotypes is the framework in which people interpret things rather than the things themselves。

Based on reflection and criticism of bet365 bonus code indiana,Harvey proposed a political practice concept for resolving technical contradictions。One,The conception of political practice is based on the creation of new technologies and organizational forms,By automation、Robot、Application of Artificial Intelligence,Complete political practice。Part 2,Through the innovation and application of bet365 bonus code indiana,Reducing all forms of social labor burden,Eliminate or reduce unnecessary technical division of labor,And separate the remaining necessary technical division of labor from the social division of labor as much as possible。Part 3,Free up time for individual and group activities,Reduce people’s running around for survival。Fourth,Civil societies are no longer governed,Instead, they are given the power to use production tools,At the same time, individuals take turns to exercise administration、Leadership and security positions。Fifth,Implementation bet365 bonus code indiana、Society、Differentiation in culture and lifestyle innovation。In short,The essence of Harvey’s political practice concept is to break the same logic of capitalist society,Eliminate the alienation of modern bet365 bonus code indiana,Towards what he calls “revolutionary humanism”。

 (This article is a phased result of the National Social Science Fund Project "Research on the Logical Relationship between a Community of a Shared Future for Mankind and bet365 bonus code indiana in the Era of Globalization" (18BKS118)

(Author’s unit: School of Marxism, Harbin Engineering University)

Editor: Zhang Jing
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