Michael Lesnoff believes in the book "Political Philosophers of the 20th Century": "In the 20th century, people who devoted their intelligence to bet365 games,Michael Oakeshott is the most distinctive、One of the most fascinating thinkers。”At Oakeshott,“bet365 games” is an “empty shell” concept,Need to keep stuffing inside,Only in order to make it full and plump。Representative bet365 games theory,bet365 games is an understanding of society from a teleological perspective、A general view or explanation of the nature of political life and the state。Oakeshott does not agree with this understanding,Considering that it fundamentally dissolves the philosophical character of bet365 games。He advocates,bet365 games should try its best to get rid of the entanglement of political practice,Return to true philosophy,And then realize the self-salvation of bet365 games。“Strictly speaking,The pursuit of bet365 games is only to discover what must be true for political activities,Without regard to the goals and expectations of political activists。”
In Oakeshott’s view,Existing bet365 games has always been good at analyzing political concepts,In fact, it is not a philosophical analysis in the true sense,It is just an analysis attached to a certain philosophical form。bet365 games only serves as illustrations and illustrations of general philosophical theories,Drifting away from true philosophy。It is in this sense,Oakeshott Assertion,Hitherto bet365 games has only been philosophy in a derivative sense,Far from being called a true philosophy。A highly conscious one、bet365 games with philosophical temperament,We should return to true philosophy without hesitation,No longer entangled with the practice of political life。
bet365 games must first be coherent、A well-argued conceptual whole,Otherwise it would not in any sense match the title of philosophy。On the one hand,bet365 games is responsible for the rationalization of political life and political activities;On the other hand,bet365 games must also carefully and comprehensively consider the facts of political life。In Oakeshott's view,Political life is precisely the aspect of life that is less willing to be governed by reason,The fact that bet365 games is required to be both loyal to reason and serve political life,This is the "unbearable weight" of bet365 games。“A legitimate account of political life may be considered a false account of its intrinsic properties,Perhaps absurd relative to the ‘facts of political life’ itself。If bet365 games insists on adhering to the philosophical temperament and attitude,It is probably unsound。"bet365 games is "painfully balanced and oscillated" between "reason" and "the facts of political life", two masters that cannot be offended,Almost torn to pieces。Oakeshott believes,This dilemma is not unique to any particular bet365 games,But it is common to the various political philosophies that have been constructed so far。“bet365 games seems to always face a choice: either be rational,Either 'truth' - a 'truth' relative to 'facts of political life'。”
"bet365 games claims to be based on a solid philosophical foundation,But when we conduct a philosophical examination,It seems that there is nothing that belongs to the philosophical superstructure itself。” Oakeshott asserted,The existing bet365 games has degenerated into a paradox that is difficult to explain,It is just an illustration and illustration of some philosophical discussions。It seems to be a philosophy,But it cannot withstand the inspection and criticism of philosophy;Once it becomes a true philosophy,will immediately cease all association with political practice。“bet365 games is said to mean a philosophy,However, this philosophical argument has never been used to illustrate political theory,Except from the negative point of view which can be regarded as a special example from a general point of view。”
Where is the way out for bet365 games?Oakeshott believes,We are faced with two choices: either accept the existing bet365 games,Think of it as the best concept or theory we can currently construct,And turn a blind eye to its non-philosophical characteristics;Or come up with a more coherent one、A more rigorous concept of bet365 games。Oakeshott suggests the second option,And tentatively put forward his own understanding of bet365 games,Trying to give bet365 games a thorough "philosophical redemption"。In his opinion,bet365 games should be described as,An explanation or perspective that examines political life and political activities from the standpoint of total experience。Oakeshott emphasizes,This understanding does not mean to arbitrarily separate political life from human experience,But we must first distinguish the practice of political life from the totality of experience,And relate it to experience in general,In order to give them a more "appropriate placement" in the totality of experience。
According to Oakeshott’s understanding,The fatal flaw of the existing concept of bet365 games is not only that it self-denies the philosophical character of bet365 games,And moreover,It fundamentally misunderstands the characteristics of philosophy itself。bet365 games is not the speculative application of some predetermined philosophical theory in political life,It is not an attempt to use special examples of political reality to illustrate or explain a philosophical argument,Its purpose and pursuit is to ultimately think about the core concepts that together constitute the field of political life,And relate these concepts to experience as a whole。bet365 games is not an appendage of philosophy,It is itself a true、Pure philosophy,It is an "impulse for philosophical speculation that reveals itself to be associated with a set of key concepts"。bet365 games should strive to examine and transform the concept of political life by relating the concept of legitimacy itself to experience as a whole。That’s the only way,Only bet365 games can realize the return and redemption of philosophy in a more comprehensive and thorough sense。
“If we unrealistically expect bet365 games to draw politically relevant conclusions,The result is not that the speculative impulse in bet365 games becomes a handmaiden of political slavery,It is to make the impulse of reflection in political life become a wild horse,Break free from the shackles of political necessity。”At Oakeshott,bet365 games is an active attempt to break away from political practice that represents common sense meaning—activities to achieve a specific goal,It is derived from a position based on the overall experience、General understanding of the factual characteristics of political life。bet365 games is not a practical program that can be used at any time,Unable to provide ready-made and effective guidance for political life,We cannot rashly conclude that it is a failure of philosophy just because of its “useless” nature。“True philosophy and guidance cannot go together,If we seek guidance,Then you must give up philosophy。” Anyway,The bet365 games that Oakeshott is willing to recognize and accept,It is a political activity、The ultimate presupposition behind political systems and political beliefs,It is a philosophical attempt to reinterpret the concept of political life。Oakshott at the expense of "uselessness",Complete the self-salvation of bet365 games。
(Author’s unit: School of Law and Social Sciences, Luoyang Normal University)
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