The essence of Marx’s criticism of the “vulgar mentality” is a profound insight into and revelation of the vulgar mental state and way of thinking of capitalist society。Under the rule and dominance of capital logic，nj bet365 regard dependence on things as the basis of life activities，Treat money as a god，Crazyly grabbing wealth and consuming goods，Pursue maximization of private interests，Emphasize possession over existence。"In this society，nj bet365 act as private persons，See others as tools，Reducing yourself to a tool”，Struggle replaces friendship，Benefits replace value，Pleasure replaces transcendence。nj bet365 degenerate into monetary supremacists，Selfish、Covetous for pleasure、Not willing to make progress、Inertia of thinking、Spiritual emptiness。Marx’s criticism of the “mediocre mentality” is mainly reflected in three aspects: self-interest in the state of existence；The fetishization of life pursuits；Consolidation of way of thinking。

　Self-interest nj bet365 state of survival

Marx has repeatedly revealed the "alienation" fate of people in capitalist civil society in his writings。In "On the Jewish Question"，Marx clearly pointed out，Members of civil society are “not closed beyond themselves”、Closed to one's own private interests and one's own private arbitrary actions、Individuals separated from the community”，Put the satisfaction of self-needs as the highest purpose of all actions；The relationship nj bet365 a profit-seeking competitive relationship and a mutually antagonistic relationship。Marx believes，In the bourgeois society based on wage labor and commodity economy, the secular "Jewish spirit" is permeated，That is, profit-seeking、Selfish、Thoughts and habits of chasing money。In "Holy Family"，Marx even sharply criticized people in civil society as "slaves who work to make money，A slave to one’s own selfish needs and the selfish needs of others”。From this，The so-called capitalist civil society means that private interests are at the core、The realm of private life based on the principle of egoism。In this "battlefield of personal interests" where everyone is against everyone，There are only naked interests and ruthless "cash transactions" between people。The ice water of egoism mercilessly drowns those "holy attacks" emotions。In "The German Ideology"，Marx criticized Stirner’s “self-consistent egoism” as “purely ideological conceptual provisions and moral assumptions”。Stirner regards historical development as a process of perfection of egoism，The essence is just fictitious history based on concepts and spirit、Control life。Self-interest in living conditions leads to "dehumanization" of people，Degenerate into having oneself and no one else、Seeing gain and forgetting one's righteousness、Benefit oneself at the expense of others、Whatever it takes、Existence that has lost its bottom line。Individual value and community value、The inevitable contradiction and division between special interests and general interests。

In Marx，Capitalist civil society cannot be called a “good society”。Because in such a social form，People are just obsessed with satisfying their own interests，Personal interests as the sole purpose，Mediocre people who only know how to benefit themselves but not others。And such "philistines" are obviously not the "new communists" with noble personality that Marx called for and pursued。People in real life are not isolated from the world、Self-contained "isolated island"，but social、The existence of relationality，Therefore we must handle ourselves and others correctly、The relationship between individual and collective。According to Marx’s communication theory，The relationship nj bet365 not one of mutual opposition and conflict in the sense of the "master-slave dialectic"，But mutual recognition、Interdependent relationship。According to the classic expression of the "Communist Manifesto"，“The free development of each person is the condition for the free development of all people”。In other words，The "real individual" understood by Marx is by no means a solitary person、Lonely self-admiration、The "egoist" who is addicted to his own small world，But in a certain social relationship，“Coexist” with others，And engaged in rich communication activities。In true community，Private ownership and the state cease to exist，People are no longer exploiting and being exploited、Oppression and the oppressed、An “alienated” relationship that regards others as “hell”，But "everyone for one"、Equality for “everyone”、Mutual assistance、Cooperative relationship。The "real individual" also realizes the inner unity of the dual identities of "actor" and "playwright"，Become a "whole person"。

　　The fetishization of nj bet365 pursuits

In the "Money" chapter of "Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844", Marx vividly launched his criticism of monetary fetishism。Money emerges as a reversal force，It is "the general confusion and substitution of everything"。“It turns constancy into betrayal，Turn love into hate，Turn hate into love，Turn virtue into vice，Turn evil deeds into virtue，Turn slaves into masters，Turn master into slave，Turn stupidity into wisdom，Turn wisdom into stupidity。”In front of the “new god” of money，The traditional “old gods” have been belittled and denied。The basis for evaluating whether a thing has value is not whether it has the significance of promoting and perfecting nj bet365，But it becomes how much it can be sold for in the market。The consequence of this is that beauty and ugliness cannot be distinguished、Cannot distinguish between good and evil、Value anomie。When labor becomes a commodity，Conversion of money into capital，Capital fetishism intensifies nj bet365’s degree of “self-alienation”。“In bourgeois society，Capital has independence and personality，The active individual has no independence and personality。”When capital penetrates pervasively into all areas of human life，Become the external force that dominates everything，nj bet365 prostrate themselves before capital，Become a slave of capital。Dead labor rules living labor，Subjective nj bet365 become passive、Passive existence，Allowing a life that should be healthy and complete to be manipulated and disciplined by capital，No opinion or freedom at all。Capital only focuses on whether labor can create material wealth，without paying attention to his health and mental condition。Under the cover of capital logic，“The social relations of nj bet365 are transformed into the social relations of things；The ability of nj bet365 is transformed into the ability of things”。Human development also takes the form of material development，Become parts of large-scale capitalist industrial production and a tool for profit-making。He is unable to resist the oppression of capital，There is no way to live for yourself，We can only follow suit under the dominance of capital，The consequences of this will inevitably be an increasingly rough and vulgar living situation。

Beyond monetary fetishism、Capital Fetishism，Commodity fetishism also bites nj bet365’s souls。Faced with “huge accumulation of goods”，nj bet365 are eager to possess more goods to satisfy their own needs。So，A good life is simply equal to wealth possession and commodity consumption。On the one hand，“The bourgeoisie has even given pleasure a formal economic form—the form of extreme luxury”。Capitalist as personified capital，“His soul is the soul of capital”。In order to continuously create surplus value，Proliferate yourself，The ferocious capital devours living labor and natural resources like a vampire，Reveal his anti-human nature、Anti-ecological nature。But the greedy capitalists will not care about the life and death of workers and the ecological crisis，Instead of indulging in extravagance and wealth、A luxurious life of extravagant spending，Chasing extreme hedonism。On the other hand，The proletariat is eroded by materialized consciousness and bourgeois ideology，Indulged in the illusion created by spectacle society and consumer society，Blindly agree with the status quo，Form a "capitalization" way of thinking，Thus losing the critical thinking and transcendence of capitalist society，Weakened the revolutionary class consciousness and spirit of resistance。Human autonomy、Personality、Uniqueness is gradually dispelled by “things”，I have lost my true self、The existence of "others" who are willing to be mediocre。Therefore，The proletariat wants to achieve true freedom and liberation，We must understand the nature of materialization，Breaking the barriers of materialization，Awaken your own class consciousness，Principled and highly critical criticism of capitalism using the methodology of historical materialism。

　Solidification of nj bet365

Marx believes，Isaiah、Basijat、John Mueller、The teachings of bourgeois economists represented by Senior and others are full of "vulgarity"。This is mainly reflected in three aspects: First, vulgar economics regards the superficial connection between phenomena as the essence of things，Generalize individual facts into general facts。For example，Say’s “Rule of Thirds” system，He believes that value is determined by labor、Created by the three elements of capital and natural forces，So when allocating，Those who possess these three elements should receive corresponding rewards。Workers get wages、Capitalists gain profits、Landowner owns ground rent。From this，Worker、Capitalist、Landowners participate in distribution with seemingly equal status，In fact, it obliterates the essential differences between the three。As Marx said: "So，Land becomes the source of land rent，Capital becomes the source of profit，Labor becomes the source of wages。The distorted form through which the inversion of reality is expressed，Nature will be reproduced in the ideas of those involved in this mode of production。This is an unimaginative way of making things up，It is a mediocre religion。"The second is that these "vulgar economists" are completely defending the interests of the bourgeoisie，All they do is to maintain the seemingly reasonable rule of the bourgeoisie in different forms，Driving in circles in economic concepts。“Vulgar economics is limited to systematizing the stale and conceited views of bourgeois producers about their own best world，Endowed with a scholarly atmosphere，And declared as eternal truth。”They cannot escape the theoretical logic of capitalist society，Unable to recognize the inherent paradoxes and contradictions of capitalism，Of course we cannot conclude that “capitalist production is not an absolute mode of production，But just a historical one、The profound conclusion of "a mode of production suitable for a certain limited period of development of material conditions"。Third, “vulgar economics” is hostile to “nj bet365”。In the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844，Marx pointed out，“National economics treats workers only as working animals，Regarded as livestock with only the most necessary physical needs。”The superior bourgeois economists preach that “nj bet365” are insignificant，But these thoughts are one-sided、Narrow vision、Vulgar economists who lack historical perspective will never think of it，Those at the bottom of society，Insulted、Enslaved、Abandoned、The despised proletariat will become the gravedigger of the bourgeoisie，Finally overthrow the rule of the bourgeoisie，Establishing proletarian power，From the mirror image of "dehumanization" suffering to the rebirth of "real human history"。

The reason why Marx was able to scientifically understand and grasp the laws of capitalism，The key lies in his dialectical analysis of capitalism from a historical perspective，Recognize that the existence of any objective thing is historical、Conditionality and finiteness，There is no one-size-fits-all、The eternal and ultimate truth。Marx affirmed the historical progressive significance nj bet365 capitalist mode of production，We are also deeply aware nj bet365 insurmountable shortcomings of capitalism itself，This is the scientific conclusion that "the demise nj bet365 bourgeoisie and the victory nj bet365 proletariat are equally inevitable"。Consolidated with "vulgar economists"、Compared with rigid way of thinking，Marx “The positive understanding of existing things also includes the negative understanding of existing things”，Revealing self-abandonment、The theoretical character and methodological characteristics of dialectical development。

　(Author’s affiliation: School of Philosophy, nj bet365 Normal University)