While criticizing the illusory nature of ideological morality，Also elaborated on the indignation towards the morality of capitalist society and the expectations for future social morality，This bet365 score dilemma became the original context of Marx’s ethics。Crack and reconstruct the difficult problem，Helps to deepen the understanding of Marx’s ethical thoughts。

In Marx’s analysis of capitalist society，There are two seemingly contradictory aspects。On the one hand，Marx was not a bet365 score philosopher，In his lifetime writings，He never offers some normative bet365 score theory。Not only does Marx have no normative bet365 score theory，Also often criticizes the illusory nature of morality in his works。In "The German Ideology"，Marx pointed out: "Morality、Religion、Metaphysics and other ideologies，and the forms of consciousness corresponding to them no longer retain the appearance of independence。They have no history，No development；People who develop their own material production and material exchanges，While changing your own reality, you are also changing your own thinking and the products of your thinking。”So，In Marx’s view，Morality as an ideology，It is determined by social production，It does not have independence on its own。In The Communist Manifesto，Marx further emphasized: “Communism will abolish eternal truth，It wants to abolish religion、Morality，Instead of innovating。”here，Marx stated more clearly，Communism is by no means intended to construct an ideal bet365 score form，But to fundamentally abolish morality。However，In contrast to this rejection of morality，We have to admit it，Marx’s works are full of implicit or explicit bet365 score judgments。Criticism of alienation from the "Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844"，To the vision of communism in the Communist Manifesto，Come to the description of the inhuman situation of the working class in the capitalist production process in "Das Kapital"，All reflect Marx’s bet365 score concerns to a certain extent。Words such as "alienation", "exploitation" and "slavery"，It all shows that no matter in the analysis of capitalist society，Still thinking about the future communist society，Marx all expressed certain bet365 score demands。Marx’s “ambivalent” attitude towards morality constitutes the original textual context for studying Marx’s ethical thoughts。It is precisely because of this "ambivalent" attitude towards morality in Marx's text，The relationship between Marx and morality has always been a controversial topic in Marxist research。

Freedom is the bet365 score basis for Marx’s criticism of capitalism。In Marx，Labor should be a free and conscious activity，But under capitalist conditions，Labor has become alienated。Under private ownership，The proletariat cannot deal with its own living conditions from a voluntary perspective，In order to survive，Workers often have to be employed by capitalists，Alienation constitutes the common living condition of workers under private ownership。In addition，Freedom must objectify itself in man’s interaction with nature and others。Freedom needs to be realized through objectified activities，A person can only understand himself through active interaction with others and nature。Through this positive interaction，Man not only creates himself，Also created his world。But in a capitalist society based on private ownership，People are in a state of negative opposition，Everyone sees everyone else as an end and a means，What characterizes the relationship between people is rights、Contract, etc.。Marx gave a vivid description of the relationship between people under capitalism in the "Communist Manifesto": "The bourgeoisie has overthrown all feudalism where it has gained dominance、The patriarchal and idyllic relationship is destroyed。It ruthlessly cuts off all kinds of feudal fetters that bind people to their natural superiors，It makes the relationship between people except naked interests，Except for the ruthless ‘cash transaction’，There will be no other contact。It puts religious piety、Knightly Enthusiasm、The philistine is sad about these sacred emotions，Drowning in the icy water of egoistic intentions。”In capitalist society，Capital dominates everyone in society，Including capitalists。What is truly free is capital，Rather than specific people。People can only exist in community，And through the community，That is, individuals can gain freedom through cooperation and contact with others。Marx believes，Only in a true community can the separation and antagonism between people under private ownership be overcome，And in the false community of capitalist society，People can only obtain illusory rights and freedoms。

Marx’s thought contains two aspects at the same time，Historical materialism is the unity of science and value。On the one hand，Marx used the method of political economics to scientifically explain the development laws of human society；On the other hand，Marxist philosophy is also concerned about human freedom and liberation，Humanitarian appeal is an important connotation of Marxist philosophy。These two aspects in Marxist philosophy are not separate，But they complement each other。For Marx in the 1840s，The most pressing question thrown to him by the times is how to transform socialism from utopia to science。The description of the inhuman situation of workers in capitalist society by utopian socialist thinkers is an important source of Marx’s scientific socialist theory，How to turn the humanitarian demands of utopian socialist thinkers into reality is the core proposition of Marxism。For this，Engels’s statement in “Anti-Dühring” is very clear: “The ultimate cause of all social changes and political changes，Shouldn’t come to people’s heads，Search in the growing awareness of eternal truth and justice，We should look for changes in the mode of production and exchange，You should not look for it in the philosophy of the era，We should look for it in the economy of the relevant era。”So，Marx used the method of political economics，Deducing value judgments about socialism from historical objectivity。No economic analysis，There is no scientific socialism。In this sense we can say，Marx’s historical materialism has the dimensions of bet365 score ideals and value pursuit，But this value pursuit is a conclusion drawn from the political economics analysis of capitalist society，It is by no means a certain value evaluation independent of political economics methodology。The proposition of scientific socialism about the ideal future society，Is based on the economic analysis of the capitalist mode of production，Not just out of bet365 score outrage。

An in-depth examination of the theoretical connotation of Marx’s scientific socialism，We will find the debate about the bet365 score dilemma in Marx's thought，In fact, it only exists within the framework of modern morality。Marx did not start his theoretical exploration from the perspective of morality。Because Marx believed that issues in class struggle cannot be resorted to bet365 score judgment，Otherwise it is not only meaningless，And it will definitely lead people astray。That’s why he advocated deleting from the documents of the First International the words that asked the working class to appeal to “morality and justice”。Although Marx believed that bet365 score concepts cannot help the proletariat in its class struggle，But this does not mean that we cannot talk about Marx’s bet365 score theory。We can understand Marx’s attitude towards morality in another way: using bet365 score vocabulary always presupposes sharing a certain social system。Appealing to bet365 score principles to oppose an existing state of affairs is always done within certain social limits；We must oppose this kind of society，We must find a vocabulary that does not presuppose the existence of that society。For this kind of vocabulary，We can only find it in the expression of desires and needs that cannot be satisfied by existing society，The desire and need to establish a new social system。The desires and needs of this new social system，It should be a proletarian bet365 score principle。In fact，Marx was not without subjectivity when talking about ethical values，In the process of criticizing capitalism and constructing communism，There is always a human perspective。Marx clearly pointed out in "Theses on Feuerbach" that the foothold of old materialism is civil society，The starting point of new materialism is human society or human beings in society。So，The desires and needs of new social systems are always reflected in Marx’s texts，The freedom and all-round development of human beings in communist society have always been the highest proposition of Marx’s thought。

　　(This article is part of the National bet365 score Science Fund’s major project “Research on the Ethical Identity of the Chinese National Community” (20&ZD037) phased results)

(Author’s unit: School of bet365 score, Heilongjiang University)