Marx while critical ideology morality and illusion，It also explains the virtue of the morality of capitalist society and the expectations of future social morals，This moral problem becomes the original context of Marx Ethics。Cracking and reconstructing this problem，Help deepen the understanding of Marx's ethical thought。

In Marx's analysis of capitalist society，There are two aspects of seemingly contradictory。On the one hand，Marx is not a moral philosopher，In his life's works，He has never provided a certain normative moral theory。Marx not only does not regulate moral theory，Also often criticize the illusion of morality in its works。In "German Ideology"，Marx pointed out: "Moral、Religious、metaphysics and other ideology，and the conscious form that is compatible with them no longer retain the independent appearance。They have no history，No development; and people who develop their own material production and material interaction，While changing this reality, it also changes the product of your own thinking and thinking。"So，From Marx's view，Moral as an ideology，It is determined by social production，It does not have independence。In the "Communist Declaration"，Marx further emphasized: bet365 best casino games "Communism must abolish eternal truth，It wants to abolish religion、Moral，instead of innovating。"Here，Marx more clearly indicates，Communism must not build an ideal moral form，Instead, it is necessary to abolish morality fundamentally。But，Comparison with this rejection of morality，We have to admit，Marx's works are full of ethical or obvious moral judgments。Criticism of alienation from "The Manuscript of Economics of 1844"，The longing for communism in the "Communist Declaration"，Then to the depiction of the non -human situation of the workers' class in the process of capitalism in "Capital Theory"，All reflect Marx's moral care to a certain extent。"alienation", "exploitation", "slavery" and other words，All indicate that whether it is analyzing the capitalist society，Still in the concept of future communist society，Marx expressed certain moral demands。This "contradiction" attitude of Marx's morality constitutes the original text context of studying Marx's ethics。Because of this "contradiction" attitude of morality in Marx's text，The relationship between Marx and morality has always been a controversial topic in Marxist research。

Freedom is the moral foundation for Marx's critical capitalism。Where in Marx，Labor should be free and conscious activities，But under capitalist conditions，Alienation in labor。Under private conditions，The bet365 Play online games proletariat cannot deal with its own survival situation from a voluntary perspective，To maintain survival，Workers often have to be hired by capitalists，Alienation constitutes the general survival state of workers under private conditions。other，Freedom must object to itself in the interaction between man and nature and others。Freedom needs to be achieved through objectized activities，A person can only understand himself in a positive interaction with others and nature。Through this positive interaction，People not only created themselves，He also created his world。But in a capitalist society based on private ownership，A state of negative opposition between people，Everyone regards others as purpose and means，The relationship between the person to the person is right、contract, etc.。Marx made a vivid description of the relationship between people under capitalist conditions in the "Declaration of the Communist Party": "The bourgeoisie has gained all the feudal where the bourgeoisie has gained rule、The Hethan Poetry -like relationship of the patriarchal law is destroyed。It ruthlessly cuts off the feudal fetters that bind people to the natural respect of natural respect，It makes people and people except naked interests，In addition to the ruthless 'cash transaction'，There is no other connection again。It religious religious devotion、Knight enthusiasm、bet365 Play online games Small citizens are sad of these emotions of these emotions，Dripping in the ice water planned by self -ism。"" in a capitalist society，Capital dominates everyone in society，Including capitalists。The real freedom is capital，instead of specific people。People are only in the community，and through the community，That is, the cooperation and connection between individuals and others can get freedom。Marx thinks，Only in the real community can we overcome the separation and confrontation state of people under the conditions of private ownership，In the false community of the capitalist society，People can only obtain unreal rights and freedom。

Marx's thoughts include two aspects at the same time，Historical materialism is a unity of science and value。On the one hand，Marx uses political economics to scientifically explain the development law of human society; on the other hand,，Marxist philosophy also cares about the freedom and liberation of people，Marxist philosophy also cares about the freedom and liberation of people。These two aspects in Marxist philosophy are not split，but complement each other。For Marx in the 1840s，The most urgent problem that the era left him is how to change socialism from emptiness to science。The portrayal of the non -human situation of workers in the capitalist society is an important source of the theory of Marx's scientific socialism，How to turn humanitarian bet365 best casino games demands of socialist thinkers into reality is the core proposition of Marxism。For this，Engels's expression in "Anti -Dulin Theory" is very clear: "The ultimate cause of all social changes and political changes，Should not go to people's minds，Find in people's increasing understanding of eternal truth and justice，Instead, find it in the change of production methods and exchange methods，Do not go to the philosophy of the era to find，should be found in the economy of the era。"So，Marx is the method of using political economy，Express the value judgment of socialism from the objectivity of history。Analysis of no economics，There is no scientific socialism。From this sense we can say，Marx's historical materialism has the dimension of moral ideals and value pursuit，But this value pursuit is a conclusion led by the analysis of political economy in capitalist society，instead of an evaluation of value beyond political economy methodology。Propositions of scientific socialism about future social ideals，Economic analysis based on capitalist production methods，instead of not simply out of moral anger。

In -depth inspection of Marx's theoretical connotation of scientific socialism，We will find a debate on moral problems in Marx's thoughts，In fact, it only exists within the framework of modern morality。Marx does not start with moral exploration。Because Marx believes that problems in class Bet365 lotto review struggle cannot resort to moral judgment，Otherwise, it is not only meaningless，And it will definitely make people go astray。Therefore, he deleted the words of "morality and justice" from the first international document to delete the words of the working class。Although Marx believes that moral concepts can not help the proletariat for class struggle，But this does not mean that we can not talk about Marx's moral theory。We can use another way to understand Marx's attitude towards morality: using moral vocabulary will always take a common social system as a prerequisite。Resort to moral principles to oppose something existing.，We must find a vocabulary that is not based on the existence of the society。For this vocabulary，We can only find，That is, the desire and need to establish a new social system。The desire and needs of this new social system，It should be a moral principle of the proletariat。In fact，Marx does not have no subjectivity when talking about ethical value，In the process of criticizing and constructing communism in capitalism，There is always a human perspective。Marx's "Outline for Ferbaha" clearly states that the foothold of the old materialism is a civic society，The foothold of the new materialism is humans of human society or society。So，The desire and needs of the new society system are always reflected in Marx's text，The freedom and comprehensive development Bet365 lotto review of people in the communist society have always been the highest proposition of Marx's thought。

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(Author Unit: School of Philosophy of Heilongjiang University)