Plato's "Ideal Country" (414B -415D) designed two myths about noble origin，To meet people's multiple needs。These two myths are not based on the rational exploration of the truth or concept world，but a lie or deception，But these false words are necessary demand: they are preferred to persuade the ruler; if not,，It is used to persuade other city -state citizens。

Let's first look at the specific content of these two myths，Let's look at Socrates Design them，or using the real intention of using this "trick"。Both myths have come from，The first myth is related to Phoenicia Hero Card Musus，He is the son of King Phoenicia and the brother of Europa。Zeus took away Europa，Card Musus was sent to find her，but not successful，So he asked the Delphi God，Ship ordered him to give up looking for，and follow a cow，Build a town in the place where it is lying down。This cow guides Kad Musus to Boeotia，means "Niu Di")，He established a worship city there。Later，Card Muste sprinkled the teeth of one dragon he killed on the ground，A race composed of a fierce militant from it，known as Sparti，means "sowing")。Stapiti people fight each other，Until only five people survive。These five people assisted Cadmea，or "Castle")，The founder of the most noble family in the city。

In the perfect city -state described by "Ideal Country"，Socrates borrowed this myth，Let the rulers and soldiers of the guards believe，In fact, they were "specified" when they were "specified" (just like Kadmus, like the dragon teeth), and they were already shaped and cultivated; the mother of the earth sent them bet365 live casino games to the ground，Fighting to defend the earth，Their land where they are where they are their mother，Do not tolerate others' violations。What needs attention is，The land here is the same as the worship city，It is a specific area rather than the earth; the mother of the earth is also a mother of the city -state，instead of human mother。Plato has never established an intend to build a "global ideal country"，Because this ideal is even in a specific area，It is difficult to achieve。Later, the new Platino in the Roman period Provertino in the ideal city state that the establishment of the establishment of Corpania，and the 15th -century Platoist philosopher, Ficchino, through the friendship between him and Hungary King Matthias Corvinus，Ideal City State designed in Hungary，Also limited to specific regions、Cities with a limited population。Later, people's concerns about Plato's "ideal country" or at least a centralized political system，Is a misunderstanding。Because the design of the ideal country is not a dogma or system's political system proposition，but an ideal political order idea。

The first myth is mainly to persuade the rulers and guardians to accept the "nature" of leaders and defending the city -state (see the "Ideal Country" 370B.，Everyone is different in nature)，And believes that there will be a duty from this nature (see everything in "Ideal" 353B has its own effects or functions)，It is their inherent mission。These rulers and guardians are not the "individual" after the "Light of Nature" generally recognized after the Enlightenment.，That is rational、"Private" with priority with self -interests and power and responsibilities，Instead of the spirit of self -sacrifice、Have a complete responsibility and obligation Bet365 app download to the community、Most selfless "citizen or public servant"，It is precisely because of this "selfless" and enjoy "noble"Title。The word "noble" here，The original meaning refers to "origin" good，That is, because of the relative advantage of his parents because of his birth or inheritance，Socrates will "good origin"，Converted to means naturally good at rule、Management and Guard City State。

So，Why do ruler and soldiers need to persuade? This is because in the ideal country of Plato，Not only ordinary producers must be separated，rulers and guardians must also live in their own，Everyone is not private，but for the overall happiness of the city -state。Socrates Reminder，"We must pay attention，The reason why we set up guards，The purpose is to make them happy as much as possible，The purpose is the entire city state。Our focus is that this city -state is full of happiness，For these soldiers and these guards，We must persecute，Also convince them to do this，That is, they should be the best craftsman of their own tasks，and for all residents of the city -state，The situation is the same; so as to，The prosperity of the entire city -state is both guaranteed，Each of them can be according to their own nature，Share their happiness。”

I understand this，We can understand the second myth logically，The famous gold、Silver、Bronze、Heroes、Black Railway and other human intergenerational retreats。This myth is adapted from Hessee's "Work and Time"，It means to listen to everyone in the city state: although everyone is a brother，But when God created people，Different metals added to different people，Those who incorporate gold are capable of rule，People mixed with silver become guards，People mixed with copper and iron become farmers and craftsmen。Bet365 app download The most important warning God given the ruler is，Pay attention to the metal component in the soul of the offspring，Strict Guardians，Pay attention to allocating responsibilities according to their talent，People who do not meet the rule must be abandoned in a craftsman or farmers。If you find people with gold and silver in the soul in the handicraft industry and the descendants of farmers，，Because if a person with copper and iron is ruled by the city,，City State will destroy。

Socrates emphasized that these two stories are myths，That is the affairs that the poets are good at in the past。The poet as the transmitter of ancient wisdom、Education of the People，Once respected，But Plato's "Ideal Country" is quite difficult to blame the poet，Because they do not take the truth as the object，Forming Story，Break the people believe that it is like instead of things。But，Now he also uses myths to persuade the ruler and guard with myths，Even to all citizens, "Everyone has its own nature，The story of each other's separation "，Isn't it a contradiction? indeed，Bridge said，"No philosopher's position is as radical as Plato，He bluntly criticized traditional myths，and refuse to accept any form of meaning interpretation。Self -contradictory things are，Plato's philosophical thought is rooted in the myth (although it may not be traditional myth)。For example，The theory of concept is based on memories，In "Mino"，The latter is closely linked to religious beliefs。Another，Whenever I time，Plato as long as you talk about the soul，He always uses myth，There are countless the myths he made by himself，can be found in "Golgia", "ideal country", "Fedru" and "French"。Last，Whenever Plato tries to find the universe、When the origin bet365 live casino games of human and society，He will also return to the myth，In "Timio" and "Cludia"，He does this。”

Two myths about "noble lies" above，In fact, it is to explain the "natural differences of people" and how we should place this "difference"。In the present era，We tend to build the differences between individuals on a solid biology，Explain it as the genetic transmission or mutation of the organism。Brain science research proves that there are people who are born with violence and cold -blooded ruthless people，In fact, it is also the natural origin that is pursuing differences，But these research data only have statistical significance，People who use these data，New myths may be compiled to let us believe that these natural murderers can be forgiven or need more care (or even monitoring)。Now，We are just partially believed that the rational person's assumptions since the Enlightenment，Descartes believes in the era of "Talking Methods" that everyone has "general rationality" has gone back，Instead of being a "person" with the same rights and obligations with the same rights and obligations, it is replaced.，The "people" of the knowledge object and intellectual object in the humanities are also dead。In the perspective of modernity problems，"There is no difference between the death of God and the disappearance of man" (Foucault)，Everyone is constructed in a new kind of power words。This looks like，These two myths in "Ideal Country" are just a kind of discourse constructing attempt，and Socrates knows this is a design、A arrangement、A trick。But this is not a kind of painstaking education? The purpose of this education is to make private interests in harmony with the public interest，Let members of the political community care about the community bet365 Play online games to surpass personal interests，Inject natural attributes into the political system，instead of artificial randomness，Stimulates people's attention and action of the overall happiness of the community，The disadvantages of loyalty to the community by making up for people in the civil society。Human besides self -exploration、Self -education、It seems that there is no way to go outside the self -achievement，Plato's "Ideal Kingdom" is the origin of the origin of the political order and its initial inquiry of the origin of political order。Human society itself is artificial，It is also naturally generated，Its roots are a bit blurred，But it is not invisible。Modern animal behavior and political anthropology partially explained the origin of political order，It is believed that human political order originated from the screening effect played by human mutual help and mutual benefit in the process of gene transmission，The result is a person who is good at cooperating、The genes of those who are willing to share the role in the community are retained，and those genes that have no awareness of cooperation and obey the order of community governance have been eliminated。

Are we more satisfied with this gene myth，Or do you think it looks like a new "lie"? Does this explanation of individual differences and cooperation allow us to accept the differences and political status calmly?。Because "gene editing" has become a new hot topic，Do we always want it, either "noble" in the future，Noble as a myth has never been forgotten，But this is different from Socrates' concerns。Socrates, I hope everyone can remember，In fact, it is to remove simple、Stubborn、Self -identity centered on private interests，Aware that you are "soul"，Is the reason itself，Aware that the happiness bet365 live casino games of human beings depends on the overall happiness; only all people with different parties can achieve the overall happiness，"Each Division" is not an excuse for class division and barriers9，The "difference" caused by the pursuit of beauty and goodness is the stairs of people entering Germany。So，"Noble" is not a problem，The key lies in how we understand and settle down "Differences"。

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