The rapid development and wide application of new generation digital technology，greatly promoted the digital process of contemporary capitalism。This economic and social change caused by the digital technology system，Arrived widespread attention in the academic world。Western academic circles have been paying attention to the digital steering of capitalism since the 1990s，But so far, it has not reached a consensus on its role and trend。Looking at the research，We can summarize the capitalist criticism of Western scholars in the digital era into four paradigms，That is digital capitalism、Platform Capitalism、Monitor Capitalism、Digital Imperialism。Sworing these four paradigms，It is conducive to our insight into the essential characteristics and development trend of capitalism in the digital era。

Since the 1990s，With the rise of the Internet and its marketization，The impact of digital technology on capitalist production and lifestyle is increasingly extensive and in -depth。Nicholas Nigroon Emperor earlier paying attention to digital technology to people's life and work.，And Dan Schiller officially proposed the concept of "digital capitalism" in 1999。In this process，Some Western scholars think，Digital technology can surpass the old structural unequal structural inequality，Revolution that causes resource sharing and joint creation，Even asserting that digital technology will create "frictional capitalism"。For this，Many Western left -wing scholars from a critical perspective，Put forward digital labor、Digital Capital、Platform Capital and other series Bet365 lotto review of new categories，Insubitivious discussion on the exploitation and inequality of digital capitalism。Compared with traditional capitalism，What new features are the digital capitalism? first，Driver of digital technology makes the boundaries of production and consumption increasingly blurred，Capital's exploitation of labor is more hidden。Christian Fox and other scholars define Internet commodity users as "productive consumers"，Think that they are consumers，At the same time, share the work、Vote、Evaluation and other online participation methods，Provide Internet companies with free labor，And this free "freedom" labor can easily cover the inequality between capital and labor。Next，With big data、Wide application of cloud computing and other technologies，Data has become the core element of capitalist production。Massive data spawned by digital life，Driven by algorithm technology, transform into an effective "trading decision"，Data becomes the product of capital。Last，Digital technology not only shapes the form of production organization of contemporary capitalist，and deeply affect people’s way of survival and thinking。Digital Age，Digital technology becomes a set of dominance、Control emotion、Revisiting the invisible mechanism of thinking，Digital Worship Teaching、Dataist GM，New alienation form was born。

Platform capitalism is the result of the development and deepening of digital capitalism。Enter the 21st century，Digital platform as a new type of business model，Become a developed capitalist country out of the state of downturn in the production field、Important choices for maintaining economic growth。Nick Srnek believes，Platform -based corporate organization form based on the digital ecosystem has expanded to the entire capitalist Bet365 app download economic system，and propose the concept of "platform capitalism" from the dimension of dominant economic organizations。P.D. Kar Pieper and K. Terren further divided three extensive platform types on the basis of Slinisk: information platform，such as Google、Facebook; Service Platform，Ruyou、Audemars Piguet; Commodity Platform，As Amazon。Critical research on platform capitalism in foreign academia mainly focuses on platform monopoly、Platform control and platform exploitation。First，Monopoly is the inherent gene of the platform。Under the influence of the network effect，The more users on the platform，The greater its value; the more data occupied by the platform，The more you can provide more accurate predictions and services。The iron law driving platform capital of the winner must turn itself into a monopoly organization，In order to maintain the leading advantage in grasping data and users。Next，Users are in a controlling position in the monopoly platform。Since the platform controls big data and digital infrastructure，User regards as a merchant、Consumers、Labor，Still accessing the platform with social identity，It is inevitable to be monitored by the network platform、Control and induction。Last，The platform has greatly improved the speed of commodity currency turnover，It has also created a large number of industrial reserve forces，Makes cheap labor at your fingertips。The decomposition and reorganization of labor，Make platform companies can easily use pieces of pieces to pay、"Zhongbao" and other methods to reduce labor costs。Platform economy promotes employment instability，New forms such as "cloud labor" and "servant economy" have been spawned，The actual subordinate of the labor to capital further deepen。

With the rise of the bet365 Play online games platform economy，Monitor user data prediction and adjust user behavior，has become the "most of the most successful sources of the most successful company in the 21st century"。Xiao Saka Jobf first proposed and used the concept of "monitoring capitalism"，and published the book "Monitoring Capitalism" in 2019。Zhuberv thinks，Monitor capitalism uses human experience as free raw materials，Wealth、The concentration of knowledge and power is marked，Disposal of key human rights、The purpose of creating a new collective order，It is an emerging economic mode based on parasitic economic logic。Monitoring Capitalism uses user privacy and information resources for free，Taking living people as a tool for capital to collect money，Through "large amount of data extraction -ubiquitous monitoring -extensive behavioral correction -profit from behavior adjustment" operation mechanism，Observed the bloody and violent exploitation of more blood than the era of industrial capital。In fact，Monitoring Capitalism has been destined to be limited to the economic field since the beginning of the embryo。Looking at the prism door and other leaks，Internet giants and US military、There is a close cooperative relationship between the National Security Bureau，In fact, capitalist countries have actually built the public and private monitoring network system of "military -digital complex" and "government -company monitoring complex"。Zhuberff、Foster, etc. think，Monitor the booming development of capitalism，Serious threats to free market order and social democratic mechanism，Then cause individual survival crisis。Wearables based on digital technology and other smart devices can accurately grasp the individual's body and living conditions，Social media allows users to Bet365 app download generate pathological dependence，Information Cocoon Room seriously erodes the right to choose the individual，These all threatened the negotiation democratic mechanism of the entire modern society。So，Capitalism in the digital era did not make the Internet the most widely democratic dialogue platform in history，Instead, the digital world turns into "self -staying place" for capital proliferation。

After the 1990s，Some scholars once believed that the Empire Research Statement was outdated。but enter the new century，With David Harvey、Ellen Wood and others interprets a new type of imperialism that is different from the past，The enthusiasm for research on imperialism in the academic world is ignited again，"Digital Imperialism" has become an important critical perspective。Fox and others think，Based on digital technology based on the United States -dominated new imperialism，Master financial capital，Realize economic hegemony by governing core technology and network processors。Although the purpose of digital imperialism plunder the surplus value of the world has not changed，However。Uvar Herari thinks，Data hegemony has a huge impact on the economic, social and international political and economic structure。The United States as a typical digital imperialism，Long -term investment in digital infrastructure such as digital platforms and databases，Digital commodities and capital outputs through digital oligarchs，and divide this global industrial chain。Some left -wing scholars noticed，Knowledge monopoly has become a new way to plunder the world's wealth of digital imperialism。In the international industrial chain of hierarchical division of labor，Only at the top of the pyramid、Monopiants who master core digital technologies Bet365 app download can master the right to speak of profit distribution，The front -line workers in agent factories in various countries are suffered by multiple disks，Most of the wealth created by them flows into the top knowledge company of imperialism such as the United States。Digital imperialism monitor and plunder global digital information，Seriously threatened the political and cultural security of various countries。Especially the United States often uses network democracy as an excuse to spread American values ​​through platform monopolies and artificial intelligence，Interference in non -domestic affairs。Another，To maintain and strengthen the status of digital hegemony，Digital Imperial Empire also uses national power to launch a trade war、Science and Technology War，This suppresses competitors with competitors。

Overall，The above four paradigms have both theoretical highlights，But there are also critical blind spots。They have in -depth insight into the new change of capitalist production relations in the digital era，Digital illusion for our consciousness of contemporary capitalism，It has a good inspiration meaning。but，We should also see，Some scholars put the point of criticism in digital technology rather than the capitalist system itself，essentially a digital worship; there are some scholars who have touched the essence of capitalist production relations，But the response strategy proposed is limited to the capitalist framework，Therefore, the most promising way to resist。Marx emphasized，Analysis of the form of capitalist economy，Do not use "microscope" or "chemical reagent"，You must use "abstraction" instead of。The secret of digitalization of contemporary capitalist is not in digital technology but technology bet365 best casino games "capitalist applications"，The new reproductive organization form cannot fundamentally get rid of the endogenous contradictions of capitalism，The liberation potential of digital technology will inevitably call for a complete change of production relations，Make the new technology truly serving the common life of human beings and the comprehensive development of people。

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(Author Unit: College of Marxism, Renmin University of China、Marxism College of Fujian Normal University)