The period 1843 was an important stage of ideological development for the young Marx when he turned to materialism。Generally believed，Due to the difficulties of real interests and Feuerbach’s philosophy during the period of "Rheinische Zeitung"，Marx began to turn to materialism，"Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right" is the theoretical result of this ideological change。In this work，Marx proposed the concept of reality determination、The materialist view that civil bet365 sign up offer determines the country，To refute Hegel’s idealist assertion that the state determines civil bet365 sign up offer。Today，MEGA2 "Kreuznach Notes" text more comprehensively presents Marx's true ideological process of turning to materialism，In addition to the problem of material interests and the influence of Feuerbach’s philosophy，Marx completed the transition to materialist thought，It is also inseparable from its own independent historical research。After Marx left the Rheinische Zeitung in March 1843，came to Kreuznach from May to September of the same year，Start the English conversation here、Research on the political history of France and other countries，Written "Notes on Kreuznach" and "Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right"。It is during the historical research of "Kreuznach Notes"，Marx explored the role of the state in law、Historical changes in politics and other aspects，Gradually realize from the different perspectives of synchronicity and diachrony，The ownership relations surrounding property in civil bet365 sign up offer play a decisive influence on the country and politics，This is Marx’s criticism of Hegel’s theory of state in legal philosophy，The turn to materialism provides important theoretical support。

Specifically，In Notebook I of Kreuznach Notes，Marx recorded the history of France from 600 BC to the end of the 16th century in summary form，Extensive content，Navigation trade involving social and economic fields、The rise of the citizen class；National Parliament in the political field；Crusades in the religious field, etc.。But since Notebook II，The theme of Marx’s reading excerpt gradually becomes clear，Mainly focus on the relationship between private property and governance、Social order、The decisive influence of political rights, etc.。For example，While studying Daru's "History of the Republic of Venice"，Marx took the initiative to write the German title "On the Origin of Privilege"，And excerpted four French paragraphs，The discussion is that private property determines the formation of privileged rule。In his opinion，Using force cannot sustain the long-term continuation of privileged rule，Only land ownership can bring privileged rule based on personal dependence，Wealth that is independent of people is synonymous with authority，“Territory ownership brings two kinds of rights，The owner will have the right to manage general affairs，In addition, he and the ruler will be derived、The relationship between tenant farmers on the land”。At the same time，In excerpting Rousseau's "The Social Contract"，Marx generally did not leave comments expressing his personal views，But when it comes to private property and legal relations, he wrote in German "Rousseau wrote a strange comment here"，Directly refers to the fact that the amount of private property owned by people in the process of social operation affects legal relations and equality relations in the political field。“Under bad government，This kind of equality is just an illusion；It only keeps the poor poor，Keep the rich in possession。In fact，The law always favors those who enjoy wealth，And harmful to those who have nothing。It can be seen from this，Only when everyone has something and no one has too much，Social bet365 sign up offer is beneficial to mankind。”

Then，Marx entered a broader historical perspective in the process of reading Bayol's "Research on the Posthumous Works of Madame Steyer (Records of the French Revolution)"，Confirmed whether in feudal bet365 sign up offer or bourgeois bet365 sign up offer，Private property is an important foundation for the construction of social order。On the one hand，Marx recorded，In the feudal bet365 sign up offer before the French Revolution，The ancient feudal ruling order is rooted in personal dependence on land ownership，People are firmly tied to the land they cultivate，Land ownership is the fundamental basis for the operation of feudal bet365 sign up offer。"Feudal system...everything is related to it。It starts from the land that will not die，These lands are organized、Coordinated，It can be said to be strictly controlled；Humanity is attached to the land and bound by the laws that govern it... Feudalism is a despotism with a thousand heads，One of the elements is the general enslavement of mankind。”On the other hand，Marx noticed，After the French Revolution，Feudal bet365 sign up offer and personal dependence based on land ownership have been completely ended，Replaced by a bourgeois bet365 sign up offer based on property ownership。“We acknowledge this arrangement，That is, regarding property rights as the primary factor、Principle as order、As the strongest guarantee for those who own it。”In bourgeois bet365 sign up offer，Property ownership is not only regarded as a source of legitimacy for the bourgeoisie to achieve class rule，And determines the social status people enjoy、Political Power、Moral status, etc.。“The revolution brought about this great trial。The result is，Property possesses all rights against persons，That is, people obtain all the rights guaranteed by property rights...according to what a person owns，A person is considered to possess the intelligence required to enjoy certain rights、Education and Ethics，To perform certain political functions。This way，Reason or law replaced the feudal system。For those who only have property rights，Property rights are proof。”

Visible，It is during this round of historical research，Marx only gradually realized it，State and politics are not determined by abstract absolute ideas or speculative reason；Opposite，Realistic national political activities will be affected by property relations in civil bet365 sign up offer，The social rights and rank of citizens in the political field will be affected by the amount of private property。Therefore，The state and politics do not determine secular civil bet365 sign up offer as Hegel said；Opposite，Civil bet365 sign up offer around property ownership relations plays a decisive influence on the country and politics。Finally，When Marx studied Ranke's "Journal of History and Politics"，Written a rare long commentary on the fourth volume of "Kreuznach Notes"，Shows that in historical reality it is not the state that determines civil bet365 sign up offer as Hegel said，It is civil bet365 sign up offer that determines the state: "Therefore，When Hegel turned the elements of the national concept into subjects，When the old form of state existence is turned into a predicate——but，In historical reality，The situation is just the opposite: the national concept is always the predicate of the [old] form of national existence - he actually just expresses the common spirit of the times，Speaks of the political theology of the times。"This heralds the birth of Marx's inversion of Hegel's materialist view that the state determines civil bet365 sign up offer in "Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right"。

In "Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right" written at the same time as "Kreuznach Notes"，Marx similarly criticized Hegel’s idealist views on civil bet365 sign up offer and the state with the help of specific studies of historical reality，Point out that historical development reveals that it is not the state that determines civil bet365 sign up offer，It is private property in this world that determines the state and law。For example，Marx stated，Civil bet365 sign up offer is an arbitrary state organized according to individual self-interest，“Modern civil bet365 sign up offer is the realization of the principle of individualism”。Hegel regards the state as a universal realm that can transcend civil bet365 sign up offer，Here people can overcome egoism and pursue universal good。For this，Hegel supports the establishment of a constitutional monarchy and primogeniture in the country，Aimed at involving political power，Making the state independent of private property in determining the development of civil bet365 sign up offer。But historical reality reveals，The state and civil bet365 sign up offer are gradually separated，Although citizens are claimed to enjoy equal political rights，But money in civil bet365 sign up offer、Private property and other factors restructure social hierarchy。“Historical development transforms political hierarchies into social hierarchies…Individual members of the people are equal in the heaven of their political world，But not equal in the earthly existence of bet365 sign up offer。”Because “‘dependence-free private property’ or ‘real private property’ is not only ‘the backbone of the state system’，And it is also the ‘national system itself’”。So，Marx believes，It is not the state that determines civil bet365 sign up offer，It is the private property of civil bet365 sign up offer that determines the state and law；Hegel reversely believed that the idea of ​​the state determines the family and civil bet365 sign up offer，Wrongly “characterizes primogeniture as the power of the political state over private property”。He is the cause and effect，Reverse the effect as the cause，Change prescriptive factors into prescribed factors，Turn prescribed factors into prescriptive factors”。Therefore，"Kreuznach Notes" actually provided Marx with a new clue to think about the relationship between civil bet365 sign up offer and the state from the perspective of historical reality，Contributed to his criticism of Hegel's speculative philosophy and his transformation to materialist thought in "Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right"。

However，When turning to materialism in 1843，Although Marx already noticed the decisive influence of civil bet365 sign up offer around property ownership relations on the state，But it does not accurately grasp the objective historical connotation of civil bet365 sign up offer。This is reflected in Marx's gradual observation of the decisive role of private property in the country and politics at the practical level in the "Notes of Kreuznach"，But he still shows the ethical tendency to criticize and deny this phenomenon。Especially when excerpting Waxmutt's "History of France in the Age of Revolution" from Notebook IV，Marx noticed，Although after the French Revolution, citizens were declared to enjoy various rights equally，But under the rule of bourgeois parliamentary government，The reality is as Vergnaud, the Girondin leader during the French Revolution, said: "The equality of citizens is only the equality of these rights，That is, equality in wealth，Instead of poll tax、Power、Spirit、Activity、Equality in industry and labor。”

Then，What principles should be used to construct the country and bet365 sign up offer？Marx expressed his thoughts with words from Robespierre’s unpublished documents，“The internal danger comes from the bourgeoisie；In order to defeat the bourgeoisie，The people must be reunited”。The implication，The country cannot be controlled by private interests，The inequality brought about by private property must be abandoned，Achieving true people’s sovereignty and equality。Therefore，In the "Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right" of the same period，Marx continued to criticize civil bet365 sign up offer as just the result of the willful aggregation of private interests，Believe that the fundamental factor that determines the development of social history should be the common realization of human nature，Civil bet365 sign up offer should be restored、The human nature of objectified products such as countries，"Elaborating on family、Civil bet365 sign up offer、The state and others regard these social ways of existence of human beings as the realization of human nature，As the objectification of human essence...human being is always the essence of all these substantial things，But these substantial things also appear as human reality and universality，Thus it is something that is common to all people”。In short，At this time Marx was opposed to Hegel’s speculative philosophical view that the state determines civil bet365 sign up offer，Also pointed out that civil bet365 sign up offer composed of private interests should be overcome based on human nature。This explains，During 1843，Although Marx has reversed Hegel’s speculative philosophy through historical research，Thus realizing the shift to materialist thinking，But there is still a hidden idealism in the social and historical outlook。However，Examine civil bet365 sign up offer and the state from the perspective of specific historical reality，Further deepening materialism for Marx，Carrying out political economics research around civil bet365 sign up offer points the way。

(Author’s affiliation: School of Marxism, Nanjing University)