Professor Zhang Jiang of the University of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has long been committed to building and explaining the basic theory of Chinese interpretation、Basic positions and basic methods，published a series of important articles such as "Mandatory Interpretation Theory" and "Public Interpretation Theory"。Recent，Professor Zhang Jiang wrote "Interpretation Theory (Outline)"，Continue along the basic idea of ​​public interpretation theory，Banner of Public Rawnate，Try to clarify the public nature of knowledge。In this outline，The production of his knowledge、Properties、Target、Test and context summarize the important role of explaining in knowledge。His core idea is，Psychiatric science and natural science，The same production knowledge，The main method of psychological science production knowledge is to explain。So，Explanation is a way to produce knowledge in psychiatry，or even the only way。In the final analysis，Discovery of Natural Science is also a human spiritual phenomenon，The knowledge of natural science also needs to be interpreted。In view of this，What are the commonality of explanation and knowledge? What are the criteria for explanation?，We will explore the above problems from the perspective of individuals and communities，and ask Professor Zhang Jiang for advice。

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Professor Zhang Jiang thinks，The operation and implementation of interpretation is the conscious internal and public expression of interpreting the subject。Explanation subject starts with the general cognition and constraints of public rationality，Independent bet365 live casino games opinions that produce beyond public rationality，Certificate of reasonable self -consistent，Delivery public rational test。Test as a real person，Advanced is knowledge，Leading human rationality continues to improve。Knowledge production of psychiatric science，The rational application of the conscious subject，All conceptual activities and results of human beings，Give rational inspection and cognition，The output and derivative can be confirmed to be true knowledge，Two -tie with natural science，Build a possible human truth system that may be unlimited。Speaking，Psychiatry knowledge is a diverse cognition under public rational concentration。

pragmatic，Explanation is a public rational behavior，Prove behind the interpretation community representing public rationality。Professor Zhang Jiang pointed out，Public meaning itself is the basis of individual interpretation meaning，Only with publicity，Explanation is possible。Individual interpretation generation、The possibility and basis of existence，Is the existence of publicity。Publicity is not only the basis of individual interpretation，and it is a possible basis for individual interpretation。Similar，Knowledge is a collective common good。On the surface，Each cognitive individual can gain knowledge through perception，B. Russell's knowledge。But，Just as there is no real private language，There is no real pure knowledge。No matter how personal，Every knowledge is a collective product of the cognitive community，Public standards that need to meet human knowledge。W. Sellars (W. Sellars) once asserted，When describing a fragment or state that you recognize，We are in the logical space where they are placed in the reason。Reason space is the meaning space we created collectively，An interpretation space jointly Bet365 app download participated in each cognitive subject。In this sense，Any knowledge is a collective creation and identified product，is the result of collective interpretation。This is the core of his famous mythical criticism。From the perspective of the community，The process of interpretation is the process of knowledge production and proof。

In short，Explanation and knowledge cannot be separated from social practice，No isolated interpreter and cognitive person。Each cognitive person is an interpreter。Each cognitive person brings his own experience into the entire community，Make your own unique interpretation and accept the test of other cognitives，Form new experience and use it for new cognitive practice，Such a reciprocating cycle。In this process，Not only the cognitive cognition has been continuously improved，and also enriched the connotation of the entire community。

　The standard dimension of understanding and interpretation 

Since each cognitive person is an interpreter，The specifications of cognition and interpretation should also be the same。Usually，The goal of our explanation is to pursue meaning，The goal of cognition is to pursue truth。Under the context of interpretation，meaning and truth are the two sides of the same coin。M. Heidegger (M. Heidegger) treats the truth as a process of unlocking，It is the process that constantly reveals the meaning of existence。H. Gadamer (H. Gadamer) treats interpretation as a method pursuing truth and meaning。For him，The fundamental question of interpretation is: How is truth and meaning convey? in this sense，J. Derrida regards interpretation as a metaphysics of meaning and truth。

Of course，It should be a broad understanding of the concept of "truth" here。In Contemporary British Beauty Knowledge Theory，The concept of truth is relatively narrow，mainly refers to the true trueness of faith。but but，It maintains an open attitude to the interpretation Bet365 app download of truth，It can be consistent with the facts，You can also refer to the integration between faith，Regulatory requirements for beliefs。But in the final analysis，The invention of the concept of truth is to identify the real information about the world。At this point，Explanation theory and knowledge theory should have no differences。Williams (B. Williams) thinks，Truth has two virtues: accurate and sincere。The first virtue point to the world or real dimension of truth，and the second virtue point to the interpersonal or social dimension of truth。As an information provider，He must first guarantee the authenticity of the information，Otherwise, the audience will be misleaded，Then lead to unpredictable practical consequences。For example，You tell your companion a wrong hunting place，Lead him to a dangerous forest，It is likely to lead to his death。Not only that，As an information sharinger，He also wants to gain the trust of his companion as much as possible，Let them accept their information。So，Must be sincere，Let yourself a trustworthy person。This is reflected in the testimony knowledge (Testimonial Knowledge)。

　The inquiry dimension of the interpreter and the cognitive person 

To fully reveal the above dimension of truth，We must return to the community of interpreters and cognitives。So，What role is the interpreter and cognitive person in the community? Or more accurately，As a member of the community，What conditions should a qualified interpreter and cognitive person be met? Professor Zhang Jiang believes that the interpreter should have an interpretation consciousness。The so -called interpretation consciousness，Refers to the conscious use of the subjective consciousness in the interpretation activity。Explain that the subject adheres to the independent subject and sober rational consciousness，Deeply grasped the public Bet365 lotto review law of explaining，Meet and surpass public expectations，Target with truth interpretation，Practical value of explanation。Explanation consciousness mainly includes four dimensions: subject consciousness、Reason Consciousness、Public consciousness and truth consciousness。These portraits of the interpreter are well portrayed，But a possible doubt lies in，There may be conflicts between the public consciousness and truth。Professor Zhang Jiang himself also acknowledge that public rationality is not the standard of truth。The effectiveness of explanation is based on public rationality。Truth is effective，and valid may not be truth。Public rationality, of course, the truth of truth that has knowledge theory，But this expectation is based on the long -term validity of the awareness of things，and the test by human material and spiritual practice as true，It can become reality。So，The effective expectation of the public interpretation is the regular expectation of the current rational explanation，Meet this expectation，is the primary of public interpretation、Basic target。

From the author's view，These views indicate two points: first，The interpreter and the cognitive person is not combined with one，Even sometimes conflict; second，The relationship between interpretation theory and knowledge theory is external，instead of inside，Explanation has not been realized by knowledge or truth。In view of this，I think the interpreter's role in the community should be examined from the perspective of inquiry。Inquiry is the core of C.S. Peirce philosophy。Pierch portrays it as an activity that strives to eliminate its own doubts and achieves the state of belief。That is to say，Inquiry is a problem -oriented、Activity with faith，A "root -based bottom style" truth exploration activity。Inquiry is both a cognitive Bet365 lotto review person and an interpreter: on the one hand，He must take truth as the goal，instead of public expectations as the goal，This can be a qualified cognitive person; on the other hand，He must also understand and respond to public expectations，Participate in the formation of public rationality，This is a qualified interpreter。In short，Interpreter and cognitive person unified in the inquiry。These two characters of the inquiry are not independent of each other，but the different aspects of the same process。Without an explanation, there is no real understanding，Without a real understanding, there is no real understanding。Vice vice versa。

To sum up，From the perspective of community and inquiry, we clarify that interpretation theory is a system of knowledge construction。Specifically，It contains the following connotations: First of all，Knowledge is a kind of community's kind。No cognitive person is isolated existence，No isolation knowledge。Each cognitive person is constructing the meaning of participating in the community with his own experience，Learn to see yourself as a truly self -conscious existence from the perspective of recognizing others and inspiring others。In this construction，Explanation is indispensable。Next，The goal of the cognitive community is not just seeking truth，and the pursuit of reason (Intellectual Flourishing)。Explanation can only be the overall、Public。All interpretations are public interpretations。Public interpretation contains multiple elements that sometimes conflict with each other。Should humans explorate the atomic bomb technology endlessly? Should we explore genetic modification technology endlessly?，We should stand on the perspective of the prosperity of the community.。Last，Knowledge is the product of inquiry。Each community member is an inquiry。In our opinion，Bet365 app download J. Habermas's interaction is actually an inquirer。The core significance of interpretation is mainly to clarify the context of consensus through negotiation。In the behavior of communication，Consensus between participants，Effectively evaluate the relationship between the world and their relationship with the world。This process of negotiation and evaluation is the process of inquiry，It is also a process of interpretation and understanding。

　(Author Unit: Department of Philosophy of Shanghai University of Finance and Economics)