bet365 new user promo is an inevitable trend when the history of human civilization develops to a certain stage。As a significant symbol of the evolution of human civilization，World bet365 new user promo is an important part of the world’s modern history，Chinese-style bet365 new user promo is the most distinctive feature of the development and progress of contemporary China led by the Communist Party of China。General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out: “Unique cultural tradition，Unique historical destiny，Unique basic national conditions，It is destined that we must take a development path that suits our own characteristics。”China’s bet365 new user promo is the most difficult，Also the greatest，Profoundly affecting the history and future of the world's bet365 new user promo process。This issue of "Talk about the Rejuvenation of a Strong Country" invites Yu Pei, a researcher at the Institute of World History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences、Wu Xiaoming, Dean of Fudan College, Fudan University，In-depth exploration of the grand logic of Chinese bet365 new user promo practice and its world historical significance。

bet365 new user promo is an irresistible world historical process

　　"Chinese Social Sciences Journal": Studying bet365 new user promo Issues，It is necessary to deeply examine the general trends and basic characteristics of human social changes from a macro perspective。In Marx，How did this theoretical task with the characteristics of grand speculation begin？

bet365 new user promo Pei:The changes in human society are highly related to the grand world historical development process and evolutionary direction。Marx from his university days until his death，Always insist on the study of bet365 new user promo。His major theoretical insights are closely linked to the great struggle for human liberation，Communism is first and foremost a world historic cause。Marx’s “bet365 new user promo” theory was formed in the process of creating historical materialism，The classic expression is: "bet365 new user promo has not always existed in the past，History as bet365 new user promo is the result。”This “result” is not spontaneous，But because of the productivity revolution、Generated from the technological revolution and communication revolution。It is precisely "the original closed state of various nations due to the increasingly perfect production methods、The more completely the exchanges and the division of labor between different ethnic groups that are naturally formed due to exchanges are eliminated，History becomes bet365 new user promo”。

However，The concept of "bet365 new user promo" began with Hegel，This is because "Hegel for the first time - and this was his great achievement - combined the whole of nature、The historical and spiritual world is described as a process，Describe it as being in constant motion、Change、Changing and developing，And attempt to reveal the inner connection between this movement and development”。However，Hegel’s philosophical system did not solve the task it set itself。Opposite，Marx realized the philosophical revolution that criticized idealism，Created a new way of thinking，Thus gradually formed his "bet365 new user promo" theory，Discover the new world by criticizing the old world，Constructing a real connection between thoughts and the world，No matter at the logical starting point，Still in terms of value orientation，All transcend Hegel’s philosophy。

　"Chinese Social Sciences Journal": Following Marx's theoretical logic，Only when we get out of the narrow regional time and space restrictions，The modern world truly unfolds as universal bet365 new user promo，So can we think that "bet365 new user promo" is a product of the modern world？

bet365 new user promo Pei:Yes，This is in line with Marx’s theoretical construction logic。Human society evolves in its long history，There are three epoch-making profound changes。The first evolution from Homo sapiens to primitive man，Human beings enter primitive society。The second time is the primitive society after the third social division of labor，Entering an agricultural society based on farming economy，That is, the "traditional society" that lasts for thousands of years。The third major change is bet365 new user promo，That is, human beings enter "modern society" from "traditional society" through bet365 new user promo。So-called bet365 new user promo，refers to worldwide，Starting from industrialization、Historic changes in the entire society with the nation (state) as the carrier，Establish an industrial society based on large-scale industrial production。

From the theoretical perspective of Marx’s “world history”，The slave society that has emerged from the ignorance of primitive society，Although it became the first class society in human history，However, the level of development of social productivity determines that slave countries are always "closed" to each other。Even entering feudal society，The scope of activities and contacts of various countries and nations have been significantly expanded，Natural economy still determines that feudal society cannot be based on national characteristics、Local history turns to universal、World history。It was only in the 15th century that the earliest germination of capitalist production relations appeared in Western Europe，Capitalism "created world history for the first time"，"Bourgeoisie，Due to opening up the world market，Make all countries’ production and consumption global”。From now on，The development of productivity and communication relations begins to break through the regional limitations of the nation，That is, the initial transformation of history into world history，This transformation generally began in the 16th century，Initially formed in the mid-19th century。The transformation of history into world history coincides with bet365 new user promo，The two are intertwined，Indivisible。

The development of "world history" promotes three waves of bet365 new user promo

　　"Chinese Social Sciences Journal": As a process of global transformation from traditional agricultural society to modern industrial society，How bet365 new user promo is gradually promoted around the world？

bet365 new user promo Pei:bet365 new user promo is a historical contradictory movement that has undergone profound changes in human society since modern times。Without a doubt，It is a concrete bet365 new user promo composed of "world history"，Rather than abstract bet365 new user promo that is divorced from the laws of social and historical movement。From a worldwide empirical study，The bet365 new user promo process sweeps the world，There have been three major propulsive waves。

The first wave appeared from the second half of the 18th century to the mid-19th century，The main symbol is the European Industrial Revolution that started in Britain。In human history，The industrial revolution is an unprecedented productivity revolution，And trigger a profound political revolution，Promoted the establishment of the capitalist system。Capitalist industry and commerce gradually replaced agriculture and became an important driving force for the development of human civilization。So much so that Marx and Engels spoke highly of it in the 1848 "Communist Manifesto": "The productive forces created by the bourgeoisie in its less than one hundred years of class rule，More than the total productivity created by all previous generations、Even bigger。”The impact of this wave is of world significance，bet365 new user promo with industrialization as the core is expanding globally，Laid the cornerstone of the modern world。

The second wave appeared from the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century，The main symbol is bet365 new user promo except in European countries，Also rapidly expanding to countries and regions outside Europe。bet365 new user promo in this period was accompanied by colonial expansion，It must also include the bet365 new user promo of Western colonies，For example, Canada as a member of the Commonwealth、Australia、New Zealand’s bet365 new user promo process is initially completed。Especially in Latin America，Portugal、Spanish colonial rule lasted for three to four hundred years，By the time of Panama’s independence in 1903，Latin America has had 20 independent countries in more than a hundred years，Became the first continent in the world to end colonial rule after the independence of the British North American colonies。But，Continuous and wanton interference in American power politics，As a result, Latin America has always been on the “edge of bet365 new user promo”。At the same time，Iran、India、China、Japan、Türkiye、Egypt and other Asian and African countries，Most of them start the bet365 new user promo process by imitating Western technology，“Westernization” or “Europeanization” became the main trend during this period。

　"Chinese Social Sciences Journal": Beyond the effects of capitalist colonization and capitalization expansion，What other great changes have been caused by the wave of bet365 new user promo？

bet365 new user promo Pei:In the second wave，Some European countries that did not catch the first wave such as Germany、Russia、Sweden、Italy, etc.，Successively embarked on the road to bet365 new user promo。The electrical technology revolution that began in the 1860s and 1970s，Promote Britain、France、The United States and others continue to develop on the road to bet365 new user promo。To this，Engels commented on the advancement of capitalist industrial development from the steam age to the electric age，“This is actually a huge revolution”，“The utilization of electricity will open up a way for us... Productivity will be greatly developed through this，So much so that the bourgeoisie is increasingly unable to manage productive forces”。At the beginning of the 20th century，Not only are various electrical products springing up like mushrooms after a rain，And driven by electricity、Electrical appliances、Chemistry、Oil、A new industrial cluster composed of the automobile industry appears，Promoted revolutionary changes in human production and life。

The third wave appeared in the second half of the 20th century，The main symbol is the collapse of the imperialist colonial system after World War II，Accelerated the most revolutionary change in the international balance of power。With electronic computer、New technological revolution with information revolution as its main content，Accelerate the reshaping of the world；The formation of a new world unified market is accelerating，The world economic map is also being rewritten。On the one hand，European and American countries that modernized early and continue to develop，Capitalism still shows vitality。On the other hand，The national liberation movements in Asia, Africa and Latin America are booming，The birth of more than 100 independent ethnic countries has emerged，Accounting for more than 70% of the world’s land area and total population。In safeguarding national sovereignty、While developing the national economy，They are entering the ranks of bet365 new user promo，The theory and practice of bet365 new user promo of late-developing countries，Especially how to give full play to the "latecomer advantage"、Overcome the "latecomer disadvantage"，And how to understand the "demonstration effect of first-mover countries" and other aspects，Cause more and more attention。

　《China Social Sciences Journal》: As the most far-reaching social change in human history，Does the widespread influence of bet365 new user promo indicate that it has some universal significance？

bet365 new user promo Xiaoming:bet365 new user promo is a universality，A universality from "world history"。Since the power of modernity (the essence of the modern world) opened up world history，The original regional or national history was replaced by universal world history，Since then it has become an integral part of world history。"World History" not only establishes universal communication，And establishes a basic dominance-subordination relationship: it makes non-capitalist nations subordinate to capitalist nations，Making agricultural civilization subordinate to industrial civilization，Making the East subordinate to the West。In such a "world history" pattern，bet365 new user promo is important to any nation if it does not want to perish，It becomes a universal historical destiny。

But，How to grasp such universality，There are two basic ways。One way is called "abstract universality"，bet365 new user promo belongs to the intellectual way of thinking，Keep universality within the realm of abstraction，And apply abstract universality to - impose a priori on - any object through "external reflection"、Above anything。The other is speculative or dialectical thinking，bet365 new user promo requires thinking not to stop at abstract universality，But requires grasping the true universality through concretization。There is no abstract truth，Truth is concrete；True universality is not abstract universality，But to be able to go deep into the concrete and grasp the universality of the concrete。From abstract to concrete，“Concrete analysis of specific situations” is the “living soul” of Marxism。

Here，External reflection on the so-called abstract universality，What is commonly called dogmatism。"External reflection" operates as the reasoning ability of this and that，Never go deep into the substantive content of things，But it applies general principles abstractly to any object、Above anything。There were some "dogmatic Marxists" during the Chinese revolution，They never go deep into the specific social-historical reality of China，Only the principles of Marxism or Russian experience are imposed a priori on the Chinese revolution as abstract universality，The result is a series of catastrophic failures。This is undoubtedly harmful to the historical process of revolutionization and bet365 new user promo。

　《Chinese Social Sciences Journal》: For most countries，The bet365 new user promo process cannot avoid the export of technological models and institutional models from a few Western countries，Especially the interference of hegemonism and power politics。How do we correctly view the historical development conditions of modernized backward countries？

bet365 new user promo Xiaoming:There is no one-size-fits-all bet365 new user promo model in the world，There is no modern standard that is universally applicable。Historically speaking，Most of the Western bet365 new user promo models are related to expansionism、associated with hegemony。For every nation，Although bet365 new user promo is its universal historical destiny，But the road to bet365 new user promo is opening up、The expansion of bet365 new user promo tasks，All can only be realized under the quite different social conditions and historical environments of various ethnic groups。In other words，The universality of bet365 new user promo must be concretized by specific social conditions and historical circumstances，can become realistic and effective。In view of the hope of some Russian revolutionaries to use the British tenancy method to get rid of the plight of Russian rural communes，Marx’s answer is: This must be in vain。Russian rural communes are unique，Russia’s bet365 new user promo can only be embodied according to Russia’s specific social conditions and historical environment，Only then can it be truly expanded and realized。For China，Same situation，The opening up of China’s bet365 new user promo path，Only based on China’s unique social conditions and historical environment，It is possible to be positive、Developed effectively。

China’s bet365 new user promo path is generated in the process of world bet365 new user promo

　"Chinese Social Sciences Journal": In the process of world bet365 new user promo，Promoting the transformation from traditional society to modern industrial society is a central content，It is also a major issue in the development of the modern world。What development process has China’s bet365 new user promo gone through？

bet365 new user promo Pei:For China，bet365 new user promo is a historical proposition，It is also a proposition of the times。After the Opium War in 1840，China is involved in the global bet365 new user promo trend，Western powers never want China to prosper、The modern road to prosperity，But to intensify the enslavement and carving up of China。Facing China’s gradual decline into a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society，The country has been humiliated、People are suffering、Civilization is dusty，The Chinese nation has suffered an unprecedented disaster，The Chinese people launched a struggle for independence、Freedom、The great struggle for liberation，Started a long and tortuous search for bet365 new user promo。Westernization Movement、The Reform Movement of 1898 is the beginning and first attempt of China’s bet365 new user promo。The Revolution of 1911 even overthrew the autocratic monarchy that had ruled China for thousands of years，The nature of China’s semi-colonial and semi-feudal society has not changed yet，Failed to change China’s destiny。This explains，Neither the bureaucratic landlord class nor the bourgeoisie in modern China could complete the historical task of China’s bet365 new user promo。

　　"Chinese Social Sciences Journal": In the basic situation of "world history"，The historical exploration of Chinese-style bet365 new user promo urgently requires practical consciousness and theoretical consciousness。

bet365 new user promo Pei:Not only that，The key here lies in the choice of China’s bet365 new user promo path and the formation of leadership。From the May 4th Movement to the founding of the People's Republic of China，Is an important historical stage in China’s bet365 new user promo development。May 4th period，The spread of Marxism and socialism has become a trend of the times in Chinese ideological circles，More and more advanced elements are gathering under the banner of Marxism，The Chinese working class has stepped onto the stage of history as an independent political force。The Communist Party of China was born in 1921，Just seek happiness for the Chinese people、Establishing the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation as its original intention and mission。The important task of exploring China’s bet365 new user promo path，History falls on the Communist Party of China。Under the leadership of the party，New democratic revolution with socialism as the future，Turn the dark old China into a bright new China，Creating fundamental social conditions for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation。Transition from New Democracy to Socialism，Carry out socialist revolution，Promote socialist construction，Laying the fundamental political prerequisite and institutional foundation for realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation。It is the comprehensive and large-scale socialist construction，It has brought about earth-shaking changes in our society，Provides valuable experience for creating socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new historical period、Theoretical preparation、Material basis。

General Secretary Xi Jinping profoundly pointed out: “Reform and opening up is an important magic weapon for the party and the people to make great strides to catch up with the times，It is the only way to uphold and develop socialism with Chinese characteristics，Is the key move that determines the fate of contemporary China，It is also decided to achieve the "two centenary goals"、The key to realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation。”It is precisely through reform and opening up，China seizes the historical opportunity in time，Consciously integrate into the trend of world bet365 new user promo，Making great strides to catch up with the times，Achieved leap-forward development of socialist bet365 new user promo。Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，Socialism with Chinese characteristics enters a new era，Continuing the past and linking up the future、Carry on the past and open up the future。Under the leadership of the party，Achieve the first centenary goal，Start a new journey to achieve the second centenary goal，Continue to move towards the grand goal of realizing the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation，The Chinese people have successfully created a new path to Chinese-style bet365 new user promo，Achieved great changes unprecedented in human history。Summary and in-depth exposition of Chinese-style bet365 new user promo theory，It is a major theoretical innovation of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China，It is the latest major achievement of scientific socialism。

History and practice prove，Only socialism can save China，Only socialism can develop China。Chinese-style bet365 new user promo is a process that our party has led the people of all ethnic groups across the country to go through untold hardships in long-term exploration and practice、Major results achieved at great cost。Only by adhering to the leadership of the party，Only can the Chinese nation truly independently grasp our destiny for bet365 new user promo and development，In order to achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation。

　　"China Social Sciences News": American scholar Gilbert Rozman wrote in the book "China's bet365 new user promo": "Judging from the situation at the beginning of the modern era，It seems to exclude European countries and their derivatives，If any country will move toward bet365 new user promo，That is undoubtedly China。”Based on specific national conditions，How should we understand China’s path to Chinese-style bet365 new user promo in a new way？

bet365 new user promo Xiaoming:Overall，bet365 new user promo is a universal and historic task。In the 20th century，bet365 new user promo takes two basic ways: one is capitalist bet365 new user promo，The other is socialist bet365 new user promo。These two different bet365 new user promo paths，All means that bet365 new user promo tasks must be completed。But，The bet365 new user promo development form of a specific country must be determined by specific social conditions and historical environment。China must take the road of bet365 new user promo，It is determined by the objective situation of world history。The basic pattern of "world history" stipulates the overall historical trend of each nation，No nation can avoid such universality and gain opportunities for survival and development。However，China must take the road of bet365 new user promo，It does not mean that we have to follow the British path、Russian Road or American Road。Quite the opposite，China must follow its own path，We must take a bet365 new user promo path that is oriented according to its own specific social conditions and historical environment。Imagine China’s bet365 new user promo to follow some abstract universal path (no matter where it actually comes from)，Just like imagining it to reject bet365 new user promo or reverse history，It’s completely impossible，They are all just illusions with no reality at all。

The reason why China’s bet365 new user promo process gained a socialist orientation at a specific historical turning point，That’s because any large-scale bet365 new user promo project must be founded through a thorough social revolution，Make it have a social foundation suitable for bet365 new user promo。This important turning point was marked by the May 4th Movement and the founding of the Communist Party of China。The May 4th Movement means that the Chinese revolution shifted from old democracy to new democracy，The establishment of the Communist Party of China means that China’s bet365 new user promo process has established an essential connection with Marxism，As a result, China’s entire bet365 new user promo process will take a decisive orientation towards socialism。History and practice have proven，Such an orientation is inevitable for China’s bet365 new user promo cause，It is not based on people’s subjective will，Only in order to achieve your own goals and truly complete them。

Chinese-style bet365 new user promo presents the development logic of a new civilization form

　"China Social Sciences Journal": Different paths to bet365 new user promo，Social change sequences and development models are also different。Except for the initial conditions and development status being different，What are the deeper differences？

bet365 new user promo Xiaoming:This profound difference is deeply rooted in the stipulations of civilization。In terms of civilization form，Capitalist civilization and socialist civilization are fundamentally different。The socialist civilization is a higher civilization that transcends and abandons the capitalist civilization，It is possible only under the conditions of completing the task of bet365 new user promo。This determines that bet365 new user promo can be carried out in a socialist way，At the same time, it is important to fully possess the positive results of modern-capitalist civilization in the process of bet365 new user promo。Although bet365 new user promo is inevitable for both capitalism and socialism，But the development of capitalism can ultimately only stay under the dominance and rule of modernity，The development of socialism surpasses and abandons capitalist civilization，This determines that Chinese-style bet365 new user promo must have a bright future。

　"Chinese Social Sciences Journal": The great leap in the development of human society brought about by modern productivity，effectively promoted the development of the production system of nature and the establishment of an industrial society model compatible with it，But，The negative impact of bet365 new user promo cannot be ignored either。

bet365 new user promo Xiaoming:Yes。The consequences of bet365 new user promo，Roughly speaking, there are two aspects: one is positive，The other aspect is negative。On the positive side，bet365 new user promo has greatly promoted and developed productivity，And enable the production of wealth to develop in the widest range of social interactions。The Communist Manifesto says，Capital comes to the world，Less than 100 years，The productivity it creates，More than all previous generations combined。On the negative side，bet365 new user promo will also cause sharp social differentiation between rich and poor，Resulting in continuous recurrence and intensification of class contradictions and class conflicts。As Marx said，Any civilizational achievement of modern capitalism，Always accompanied by its most extreme opposite，This situation is determined by the inherent contradictions of the modern-capitalist mode of production。Overall，The consequences of bet365 new user promo are related to this contradiction itself，These are various reflections or manifestations of this contradiction。

Because the consequences of bet365 new user promo have this contradictory character，Reflections on modernity are bound to continue to appear。This reflection goes back very far。Reviewing "500 Years of Socialism"，Aims to illustrate that reflection on modernity began almost from the moment of its birth。But rethinking modernity，Also in two rather different ways。One way is romantic，Believe that modernity has a negative side，Therefore modernity must be avoided，The way is to return to the original or natural state，To put it simply, it is reversing history。Socialism such as feudalism mentioned in the Communist Manifesto、Petty-bourgeois socialism、Germany’s “real socialism”, etc.，has this property。

Another way to reflect on modernity，The premise is to actively affirm the achievements of modern civilization，And then require transcending modernity itself on the basis of this achievement。Marx’s critique of modernity adopts this approach: it never attempts to reverse history，Never place your hopes on purely spiritual or moral utopias，Rather, the new form of civilization is based on the historical achievements of the development of modern capitalism and its inherent contradictions。So，The historical premise of transcending and sublating modernity，It is precisely to complete the bet365 new user promo task，It lies in fully appropriating the positive results of modern civilization。

Chinese-style bet365 new user promo has world historical significance

　"Chinese Social Sciences Journal": In the process of world history，The "unique historical stipulations" and "unique modern necessary conditions" of the Chinese bet365 new user promo path，What important influence does it have？

bet365 new user promo Xiaoming:Chinese-style bet365 new user promo has developed extremely rapidly under the leadership of socialism with Chinese characteristics，Great achievements attract worldwide attention。Not only that，When socialism with Chinese characteristics develops to a new "historical orientation"，has begun to show unparalleled historical significance。In the new era，The development of Chinese-style bet365 new user promo is of great significance not only to the Chinese nation，It is also of great world historical significance to world socialism and the overall development of mankind。If the goal of Chinese-style bet365 new user promo is just to become a country like Britain、美、Germany、A modern powerful country like France，Then this path is just a certain representation of belonging to modern-capitalist civilization。The reason why Chinese-style bet365 new user promo shows distinct world historical significance，It lies in China’s historical practical process in completing the bet365 new user promo task、While enjoying the positive achievements of modern civilization，Creating a new form of human civilization。

In simple terms，The new form of human civilization has two most basic requirements: first，Fully take advantage of the positive results of modern civilization；Second，Beyond and sublate modernity itself。After building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way，Our development goal is to comprehensively build a modern socialist country。This goal not only requires sufficient bet365 new user promo practice，And require a socialist orientation，Actively sublate modernity itself。Therefore，This goal inevitably means the possibility of a new form of human civilization，And our historical practice is to continuously transform this possibility into reality。

Chinese-style bet365 new user promo is a bet365 new user promo with a huge population，It is bet365 new user promo that brings prosperity to all people，It is bet365 new user promo that harmonizes material civilization and spiritual civilization，It is bet365 new user promo in which man and nature coexist harmoniously，It is bet365 new user promo that takes the path of peaceful development，Obviously，These major features require and resort to the bet365 new user promo process，And they cannot be fully understood and fully realized within the scope of modernity，Only in the new form of human civilization can there be a lasting experience foundation and broad practical space。Exactly in this sense，China’s bet365 new user promo process will inevitably unfold within the overall pattern of “world history”，“Chinese-style bet365 new user promo” must be a new path of bet365 new user promo opened up under China’s specific social conditions and historical environment，Completely breaking the myth of "bet365 new user promo = Westernization"，A new picture emerges。

Yu ​​Pei: bet365 new user promo is an important stage in the process of world history，It is a general social movement，Reflects the history of mankind since the Industrial Revolution，From agricultural society to industrial society、Great historical changes in the information society and so on。As an irresistible trend of world history，Although bet365 new user promo first appeared in a few countries and regions in Western Europe，But it has been a worldwide concept since its creation，Rather than a national or national concept。Today，bet365 new user promo has become a reality through various channels and models，The historical movement towards modern society。As a world historical continuous process of change，bet365 new user promo must be the common cause of all mankind，It is by no means the dominant process of so-called "Europeanization" or "Westernization"。

General Secretary Xi Jinping clearly stated: “Our country must unswervingly promote Chinese-style bet365 new user promo，Promote the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation with Chinese-style bet365 new user promo，Continuously make new and greater contributions to mankind。”The development of Chinese history has never deviated from the development of human civilization。It takes decades for China today，Going through the same path that Western countries have gone through for hundreds or even hundreds of years，With the further advancement of Chinese-style bet365 new user promo，The new form of human civilization will be more vibrant，Has a broad and profound impact on the historical process of world bet365 new user promo。The grand and successful practice of Chinese-style bet365 new user promo，Not only promotes the rapid economic and social development of China，And for the stability of the world、Development、Prosperity sets an example of excellence。The brilliant achievements of the Chinese-style bet365 new user promo road，The Chinese nation will surely make a great historic contribution to the development of world history，Provide more effective ideological and wisdom enlightenment for the historical progress of human civilization。