■ Spanish Barcelona public shows kung fu to welcome Chinese festivals。Picture Source: CFP

Spanish Sinology Research Born in the Philippines in the 16th century，At the same time, further expand in China and Mexico，Has a unique multi -source symbiotic。The achievements of Sinology research in Spain in the 16th century in the 16th century，Is the pioneer of Western Sinology。But，With the gradual loss of the status of the Spanish maritime hegemony in the 18th century, the decline of comprehensive national strength，Sinology research in Spain is no longer the past，Gradually decline。Fortunately,，​​Sinology, which has been silent for a long time, began to recover after the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the West in 1973，and quickly embark on the road to revival。

　　bet365 Play online games

1564 Spaniards came to the Philippines，Here, its Asian base was established，Open China -Philippines -Pacific Trade routes in Mexico，Opening the Manila sailing trade of two and a half century。With the continuous strengthening of trade relations between Chinese businessmen and the Philippines and Spanish people，Chinese who go to the Philippines to do business gradually increase。In this context，Spanish missionaries began to pay attention to China，Open the precedent of Bet365 lotto review Sinology research in Spain，Born in early Western Sinology works such as "China Ji Xing"。At the end of the 16th century，The Spanish translation of "Mingxin Bao Jian" by the missionary Gao Mu is one of the earliest translations to the West。This period，Letter about China、Classics also continuously gather in Mexico through the Pacific Trade route，Spanish missionaries who are interested in China and other Spanish missionaries who are interested in China also have the opportunity to learn about China。The "History of the Great Empire" written by Mendosa was the most influential in Europe before the publishing of "Matteo Ricci"、Specializing in China’s Comprehensive Encyclopedia。other，With Spanish missionaries entering Chinese mission，Sinology research has also been further developed，As the first formal Chinese grammar written by Wanji Kingdom, the Chinese grammar "Chinese official words and grammar"。

Spain has a long tradition of Sinology research，Its early Sinology writings occupy an important position in the inheritance of the Western Sinology。But，Due to the long -term dependence of missionary groups in this research field，When the missionary group has not lagged behind since the 18th century，Always failed to make breakthroughs。In the first half of the 20th century，The results of the research of Sinology in Spain are mainly based on language tool books，Such as "Hua Ban Dictionary", "The Hanxi Dictionary of Minnan bet365 Play online games dialect", etc.。This situation has changed with a certain degree of appearance with the emergence of the Spanish Chinese -American Huang Masai。She translated and published in 1948 and published the earliest Chinese collection of Chinese poetry "Chinese Poetry Brief Selection"。other，She also translated Chinese short story sets such as "Chinese Novelist Selection" and "Chinese Traditional Story Collection"。Except translation，Huang Masai is also committed to the spread of Chinese culture，I wrote newspapers such as "Chinese Music" and "Chinese Drama"。Although there are a few secular scholars in Spain during this period，But it is relatively far away from becoming a sinologist。Huang Matsai, as the first true secular sinologist in Spain，The opening of the Spanish secular Sinology。

　　Transformation of Sinology Research

1973 China and Spain built diplomatic relations，Come opportunities for the transformation of Bet365 lotto review Sinology research in Spain，Starting from the past "Missionary Sinology" to transition to "New Sinology"，ushered in a new situation。Huajin Perece emerged during this period、Bi Yinya and many excellent translators，Translation Published classic works such as "Four Books", "Tao Te Ching", "Zhuangzi" and "Liezi"。"Liao Zhai Zhi Yi", "Ru Lin Wai History" and other classical novels, as well as Su Dongpo、Wang Wei、Bai Juyi、Li Bai’s poems translation also came out during this period。College teachers as the main force of scientific bet365 best casino games research，Starting to engage in Sinology research，Promoting the transition process of Sinology research in Spain。Such as a professor at the Autonomous University of Madrid Da Xi'anna Fasak，Not only translated with many Chinese literature works such as "Home" and "Siege"，Also published "Dragon Girl: Women、Literature and Chinese Society "and other monographs。This book is Spain's first interpretation of Chinese women and society、The works of the relationship between literature。

Chinese philosophy and historical research is also an earlier field after the recovery of Sinology in Spain。Judging from the minority monographs published in the 20th century，The proportion of the Institute of Taoism is higher。Leng Mengdu in 1992、In 1996, the "The Origin of the Thought of the Chinese National Taoism" and the "Tao and Rule" were published in 1996，is the masterpiece of the research field。History research，Although related works were published in 1970，But the results did not achieve in the 1990s，As Julia Morreno's "Contemporary China 1916-1990" and "China of the 20th Century"、Angel Monteneglo's "Ancient Chinese History" and Doros Form "Sima Qian: The Formation of the Chinese Empire", etc.。

1973-2000 was the transition period of the Spanish "Missionary Sinology" to "New Sinology"，Scholars are still understanding、Exploring the stage of China。Translated is the most direct window of the Spaniards to understand China，Therefore, the results in the field of translation bet365 best casino games are the most richer。other，This period is also the reserve stage of Spanish Sinology research talents，Sinologists emerging at this stage are the dominant power for the professional development of Spanish Sinology in the 21st century，Most people are active in the forefront of Sinology research at this stage。

　　Specialization of Sinology Research

The comprehensive national strength of China in the 21st century continues to improve，Spanish scholars' attention to China also increases，The Sinology Research Team began to grow，Politics、Research in the fields of economic and other fields gradually rise。Under this new situation，Many related research institutions have emerged，Accelerated the professional process of Sinology research in Spain。This period，Spanish scholars gradually get rid of the "individualist" research mode of "respective camps"，Relying on academic institutions，Forming a professional research team。

This change is first reflected in the research center established by various universities，Such as Barcelona Autonomous University、The University of Madrid Confonz、Madrid Autonomous University、The East Asian Research Center of Pompeius Fabra University。Most of them East Asia、Oriental Studies as research objects，Sinology research as part of its component。Research Center not only has its own research team，Also opened a related master's degree、Doctoral bet365 live casino games course，Teaching and scientific research work together。other，The professionalism of Sinology in Spain is also reflected in the collection and sorting of sinology data。In order to bring more convenience to Sinology research，Spanish scholars began to establish a digital data platform。The "China Spanish Archives" established by the ALTER Title of the Open University of Catalonia provides researchers with a large number of text and picture information about the exchanges between China and the West in the middle of the 19th century。Doros Forms, the dean of the School of Humanities, Pompeius Fabra University, led its research team，Collect、sorted out and wrote a large number of Spaniards from 1555-1990、Report and Sinology Written。The establishment of the above digital data platform has been funded by relevant Spanish departments，It reflects the tendency of the professional development of Sinology in Spain，It also fully illustrates the Spanish government's emphasis on Sinology research。

Except for the research center and electronic data platform，Spain has also established academic positions in Sinology research，"New Hanshi of Spain" published by the University of Lyon Press，The International Journal of Current Chinese Studies (International Contemporary China Research) and other publications founded by Lu Xun China Research Center。

　(Author Unit: Academy of Foreign Language of Nankai University)