New Crown Pneumonia's epidemic has spread globally，From refusing to wear a mask、Reject the willfulness of the city is the waywardness，to "Fry the Baby"、Investigating Bill Gates's willingness to protest，Various anti -intellectual words and deeds appearing in American society are stunning。Among the many factors that promote anti -intellectual popularity，Political reasons are particularly worthy of attention。

　　Bet365 app download

It is generally considered，The term "anti -intellectual" first appeared in the United States in the early 20th century，But what really made anti -intellectual reputation is historian Richard Hofstadter。In the early 1960s，His book "Anti -Intelligence in American Life" has received much attention after the publication，and won the Pulitzer Award。According to the understanding of Hoff Stert，Anti -Intelligence is a "dissatisfaction with the spiritual life and those who are considered to be a spiritual life，It is a tendency to constantly derogate the value of spiritual life "，Its essence is anti -rationalism。On the basis of Hoffstart，Knowledge Society scholar Daniel J. Rigney summarizes the three types of anti -intellectualism in the United States，is religious anti -sexualism、Anti -Eliteism and superficial toolism of populism。

Take a comprehensive，Anti -intellectualism is not single、Systematic Theory，It is more a spiritual spirit、Scientific knowledge、Emotions and attitudes bet365 Play online games questioned or contempt for intellectuals。Anti -intellectualism is not limited to specific culture，It will exist in different cultures in different ways。In some cases，Anti -intellectualism may also develop into a social trend，Even transformed into a political movement。For the rulers，Anti -intellectualism may still be a ruling strategy，Even the establishment of legitimacy and the consolidation of the regime as a means of foolish people。

　Anti -Zhiism in the United States

Anti -Zhiism as a phenomenon has a long history in the United States。Some scholars point out，Early early in North American colonies，Anti -intellectualism has begun to appear。There are multiple reasons for the emergence of American anti -intellectualism，Immersion of pragmatism、Effects of religious beliefs、Equipment of basic education、misleading of Volkswagen Media is an important cause。

History，The two major parties in the United States have used anti -intellectualism to weaken each other's credibility。To get votes，Political figures frequently come out of various anti -intellectual remarks in the campaign to cater to the people's anti -wisdom emotions。American scholar Elvin T. Lim collected 42 U.S. President's speech，Some interesting phenomena were found by analyzing their language and art: (1) There is a consistent anti -intellectual tendency in the speech of the US president，Practice、Intellectuals and intellectuals have deliberately slandered and degraded; (2) The language art of the US president is increasingly fallen、mediocre、Voly situation，Most people are more willing to perform without being actually as smart and wisdom。

In modern West，Anti -intellectualism Bet365 app download is more associated with right -wing politics。In the United States，Republican Party, which has a more right policy position, is better at using anti -intellectualism。1953 American election，Vice President of the United States Republican candidate Nixon use the "egg shell head" to fight the angry Democratic opponent Stevenson，Make intellectuals into objects that intellectuals were ridiculed by the American people。Kennedy was elected as the President of the United States，This situation has improved slightly。But after entering the 21st century，Anti -Intelligence once again raised in politics。2016，Trump's anti -intellectual remarks in the presidential election and after governing refresh the outside world's cognition of anti -wisdom of American politicians。

Observe from the long angle of history，Republican hugging anti -intellectualism is largely a strategy of picking up votes，No evidence to indicate that the Republican leader is stupid than the Democratic Party leader。But because the anti -intellectual refuses science and rationality，Therefore, it is easy to be used，Tools of becoming a political struggle。

Since the 21st century，The phenomenon of political polarization in the United States intensified，The most vivid manifestation is the political party politics with increasing boundaries。The projection of political party politics in the real society is the differentiation of the people，Some American people have formed a "systemic prejudice"，It is even difficult to achieve an agreement in the basic facts。For example，Although the main professional scientific organizations in the world have discovered the practical evidence Bet365 app download of climate change，Dudou Research Center's 2016 survey found，Democrats' trust in climate science depends on the degree of education，The two are positive; and for Republicans，It has nothing to do with the education level，They mostly regard climate change issues as ideological problems，instead of scientific issues。So，The Klinton government and the Obama government under the administration of the Democratic Party signed the "Kyoto Protocol" and "Paris Climate Agreement"，The following two Republican government withdrew from these two important climate agreements，The important reasons are from cognitive differences。

In the spread of the epidemic of new crown pneumonia，The Republican Republican Party and the Democratic Party are still。Supporters of the Democratic Party more choose to support medical experts，and the Republican supporters are just the opposite。Survey data of Piyou Research Center in July 2020 shows，85%of Democrats and their supporters regard the new crown virus as the main threat of public health in the United States，but only 46%of Republicans and their supporters think this。It is precisely because of this cognitive difference，Only in the United States will present a variety of different pictures in the response to the new crown pneumonia epidemic。

　　The influence of American anti -intellectualism

In recent years，The anti -intellectual mood of the United States has been growing。This has brought many uncertainty effects to American society and the world。

First，irrational doctrine can be widely spread，"Conspiracy Theory" is popular。In the "post -truth" era，Full of pseudo -news、pseudo -science、Pseudo -knowledge or even pseudoly bet365 Play online games religion。Anti -Zhizhi public or lack of necessary skills，Or because of religion and political prejudice，Unable to distinguish false cognition and objective reality of knowledge。Even more，Anti，Scientific facts are interpreted as "conspiracy"。So，Facing the popularity of the new crown virus，Quite a lot of Americans believe that health experts represented by the benefits are unique，Its professional suggestion is the "conspiracy" that prevents Trump's re -election，Bill Gates, who is keen on charity, is even regarded by some people as the manufacturer of the new crown virus。

Next，Common well -being damaged in American society。Anti -Intelligence refuses science and rationality，These two are the basis of modern civilization。In the election politics in the West，When anti -intellectual development develops to a certain degree，Even if you know it is irrational、Uncolate，The government will also shrink their hands before the raging public opinion，Even being wrapped in it, unable to extricate。If there is no rational public participation，Medical Care、Financial tax、Popular public policy discussions such as holding guns and guns are impossible to achieve smoothly。The irrational sound often makes the relevant policies be adjusted into the new "American Civil War"。In recent years，Opposition vaccine has become a very influential movement in the United States，Some states have even introduced the "exemption regulations" for vaccination for vaccination。This makes the measles that has almost disappeared.，Cause many teenagers to die。All these，The thinking and practices of anti -intellectuals bet365 Play online games will inevitably damage the common well -being in the United States。

again，bring turbulence and restlessness to the world。According to a survey in 2006 in "National Geographic Magazine"，Among Americans aged 18-24，38%of young American people think that it is not important to master a foreign language "a little bit"，Only 14% think "very important"。After a conflict between Russia and Ukraine in 2014，"Washington Post" investigated whether the United States should conduct military intervention，Only 16%of Americans can identify Ukraine on the map。But，The more the respondents, the more I don't know the actual location of Ukraine，But the more I hope the United States will conduct military intervention。This "ignorant person is fearless" mentality is really worrying。After Trump came to power，Although the localism it advocates、isolationism、Anti -Freedom and other agendas have hardly received the support of serious scholars，The United States still withdrawn from the "Cross -Pacific Partnership Agreement", "Paris Climate Agreement" and the World Health Organization and other international treaties or international organizations。The United States is getting dripping on the road of "going globalization"，Maintenance of this world order、The supply of global public products has brought more uncertainty。

As a theoretical form, loose、Diverse behavioral subjects、Formation of "doctrine" with different causes，The rise of anti -intellectualism at the moment is a short cold and fever of the elderly in history，It is still a new type of infectious disease like a new crown pneumonia，Also needs further observation。

(This article is the Youth Fund of the Ministry of Education "The Mechanism bet365 Play online games of the Rise of the White Labor Class、Research on Dynamics and Influence "(20yjczh048) phase results)

(Author Unit: Marxism College of Ocean University of China)