Bet365 lotto review Daoguang Xianfeng，Gradually in Chinese society, a local social governance ownership system with gentlemen as the main body。This historical trend change，To a certain extent, it breaks the "example without gentleness"，Construction of Gentlemen's autonomy、The local social governance mode of the official is the supervisor，As a result, the traditional "official service system" is gradually weakened。This "hidden system" is different in regulations in various places，But the historical direction of "local affairs to the gentry" is generally consistent。More importantly，The scope of the ownership of the gentry to control the local society is very extensive，completely overflowing the content of the "official service system"。With the implementation of the new policy at the end of the Qing Dynasty，The ownership of the gentry has surpassed the "old government" specification，and in the construction of the local autonomy system，The modern transformation of the local governance system has been opened。

Keywords:Shen Dong  Late Qing  grassroots society  governance mechanism  Modern transformation

    Author Wang Xianming, bet365 best casino games Professor of History of History of Nankai University (Tianjin  300350）。