Special planning: historical heritage of national system and national governance
April 02, 2021 08:48 Source: "Chinese Social Sciences", April 2, 2021, Issue 2139, Issue 2139

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  The establishment of Chinese nationalism in ancient times

What is the country as the original,The nature of the country and the direction of its governance,The source of the state's power is related to the establishment of its legitimacy。These are rooted in the historical and cultural traditions of various nations,thus being accepted by the general understanding of the general public,It is regarded as a heavenly earthy righteousness。China has formed civilianism since ancient times,quite national characteristics。

  Looking at ancient Chinese national governance from the supervision system

In ancient China's political system and national governance,The supervision system has an important role and status。It mainly includes superior administrative supervision、Supervisor of full -time institutions such as Yushitai and the inspection of the court special messenger of the bet365 best casino games court,and accordingly formulated a set of laws and regulations as guidance and specifications。The characteristics and gains of this system,The academic world has provided a lot of research results,The following outlined some of these outstanding issues。

  Multi -function and modern revelation of the imperial examinations of China

Before the Chinese science and official system established in modern times,The imperial examination system is the world's most advanced selection talent system。

  Emperor Hanwu's fiscal reform and centralization of centralization

As a kiss of history,Sima Qian summarized the emperor's martial arts of the Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty: ",Internal repair method。"" "Foreign Yidi" mainly refers to the Huns that have continued to invade south,Lift the military threat of the Huns; "internal practice" refers to perfecting、Create a series of systems,Rectification of social order,Strengthen centralization。and fiscal reform as a part of the "internal repair",It is both the economic guarantee of "foreign Yidi",It is also the economic basis for Bet365 app download strengthening the centralized centralization。

  The continuity of administrative and government operations in the Tang Dynasty

Operation of ancient Chinese emperor countries,Relying on a set of three -dimensional direct government document system。3235_3251,From the Tang Dynasty to complete。The command documents of the Emperor of the Tang Dynasty are divided into two categories: script (system) and scriptures,After the establishment of the three provinces is established,These command documents need to be awarded to the central government's "Division in Beijing" in the name of Shangshu Province and the local government with the state and counties.。Document administration has its own internal continuity,It is an important mechanism that maintains government affairs at all levels without interruption due to official flow。

  "Han Tang Guan" shaped the identity in the Song Dynasty

National identity is the basis for obtaining legitimacy of political rule,State recognition in the change "You need to seek appropriate forms from local history and cultural resources"。Discuss national identity from the perspective of historical bet365 best casino games narrative,is a new issue in the field of political history。10-13 century is the period of coefficient of the Central Plains dynasty and the surrounding ethnic minorities,Liao、Song、Xixia、Gold、Mongolian Yuan is in communication and interaction,Expand the identity construction of their respective regimes,Stepping on the cohesion of rule and social mobilization ability。Song、Liao、Gold and other regimes take Han and Tang Dynasties as a model,Seek the historical resources of national identity from the Han and Tang dynasties,It is a prominent phenomenon in political culture。

  The "Big History" behind the administrative operation of the county of the Qing Dynasty

The central centralized administrative system was built in Qin in ancient China,To the Qing Dynasty to complete。Under this administrative system,All administrative officials are appointed by the court,"Local Autonomy" that has not been recommended from bottom to top。So,There is no independent status at a different level of political districts at different levels,Together with the "court" constitutes bet365 Play online games a unified administrative system。For this,The operation of any level through this unified administrative system,You can see "Great History" -The important features of the "Qin System" for more than 2,000 years。

  It will promote the reform of abolition and the political reform of the late Ming and early Qing dynasties

The appointment of senior officials of the Ming Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty,It is mainly divided into two forms of special simple participation。Special Jane is directly appointed by the emperor; it will be pushed under the host of the official department,Jiuqing and Kozo officials have a nomination candidate,A decision by the emperor。It will be pushed up to become customized during the Mingxianzong Chenghua years,The main form of appointment of becoming senior officials;,It is both a supplement to the push,It is also the restriction of the imperial power to push。Wanli to drop,Due to the entanglement of factional politics,Will push can reflect the doubts of the scholar doctors of the "public theory"。How to ensure the effectiveness of the election channels for bet365 best casino games senior officials,Questions that monarchs must face。During the Kangxi reign,Will be pushed to be abolished,Recharged from the official department to open columns、The emperor's pro -pro -tailor。The abolition that will be pushed is a part of the reform of the political reform of the early Ming and Qing dynasties,It also provides another perspective for re -thinking about the "Qing Chengming System": the Qing Dynasty was inherited the Ming system,It also inherited its system burden and reform motion,The own logic of the system evolution has not interrupted due to the Yi Dai of the Ming and Qing Dynasties。

  

Editor in charge: Changchang
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