August 2020，Shenzhen proposes to learn from Singapore in the construction of housing security system，Singapore’s housing supply model becomes a hot topic again。Strictly speaking，Singapore’s bet365 mobile policy is not only reflected in the appearance of “home ownership”，It is a systematic policy，Public infrastructure construction in Singapore、Public service supply、Many aspects of social governance and social policies revolve around bet365 mobile policies。Singapore’s national conditions are very different from ours，Learning by copying obviously doesn’t work，Only by fully understanding the operating mechanism and internal logic of Singapore’s bet365 mobile policy，In order to truly learn and learn from it。

　　The supply mechanism of bet365 mobile in Singapore

Singapore’s bet365 mobile is called government “flat” (flat in English)，is the most common type of housing in Singapore，Approximately 85% of residents live in bet365 mobile，About 94% of them are owner-occupied houses，The remaining 6% is leased，Basically realized “home ownership”。How does Singapore solve the housing problem？

First，The government ensures land supply。The Singapore government promulgated the "Land Acquisition Act" in 1966，Provides that the government has the right to expropriate private land for the construction of bet365 mobile，Only the state has the right to adjust the price of expropriated land，No one is allowed to raise prices at will，Not affected by the market。Currently，About 80% of Singapore’s land resources are in the hands of the government，The housing construction sector is able to obtain land at prices well below the market，Enables large-scale construction of bet365 mobile to be guaranteed。Secondly，bet365 mobile is only provided to low- and middle-income people。bet365 mobile in Singapore varies in size，Generally includes two-bedroom type (about 45 square meters)、Three-bedroom style (approximately 65 square meters)、Four-bedroom style (approximately 90 square meters)、Five-bedroom style (approximately 110 square meters)、Three generations living under one roof (approximately 115 square meters)、Apartment style (about 135 square meters), etc.。What needs to be explained is，The area of ​​bet365 mobile in Singapore refers to the area inside the unit。With the improvement of living standards in recent years，Also added bet365 mobile types with better conditions，Like executive condominium。Each type corresponds to a corresponding family income limit，You cannot purchase if you exceed this income limit，To ensure that low-income people have sufficient opportunities to buy houses，And restrain the room for rising housing prices。and，A nuclear family (that is, a family consisting of parents and minor children) can only own one bet365 mobile unit，You can apply for a second improved bet365 mobile 10 years after purchasing your first home，But the first house must be sold within six months after buying the second house。Again，In the sale of bet365 mobile，The government adopts various policies to ensure that residents can afford housing。On the one hand，The government vigorously promotes the housing purchase subsidy policy。Home buyers who meet the conditions can receive various amounts of home purchase subsidies，Low-income earners can receive up to S,000，Choosing to live near your parents (within 2 kilometers) can also greatly increase your winning rate。On the other hand，Provide low-interest loans for lower-income residents with insufficient provident funds。The Singaporean government has a series of policies to "target" beneficiary groups，To ensure the objectivity and applicability of bet365 mobile purchase standards。Meanwhile，The government provides rental housing，Serving poor families。The rent in this part of bet365 mobile is very cheap，Residents pay different amounts of monthly rent based on family monthly income。For example, renting small bet365 mobile，Tenants with a household income below S0/month will pay a maximum monthly rent of S，Tenants with a household income between S1 and S,500 per month can pay a maximum monthly rent of S3。In summary，The sales model and rental model of Singapore’s bet365 mobile fully realize “home ownership”。

　　Provide public services around building infrastructure for bet365 mobile

First，Singapore’s urban planning fully embodies “people-centered”，Especially the “checkerboard” layout design。Resident life in Singapore is roughly organized according to three levels: "town-neighborhood-building group"，Like a big chessboard，The center of the chessboard is the center of the town，Has complete infrastructure and supporting service facilities，And all of them are built with bet365 mobile as the centerpiece。Including shopping centers、Retail store、Wet market、Restaurant、Community Hospital、Clinic、pharmacy、Nursery、Community Elderly Care Center、Community Library、Resident sports venues, etc.，In addition to going to work in units far away，Generally no need to leave town。Each town is subdivided into 5-6 neighborhood centers (similar to communities in our country)，Each neighborhood center is equivalent to a micro-town，There are various retail stores、Small fast food restaurant、Food Store、Various public basic supporting services such as activity centers and clinics，Residents of each building can walk to the neighborhood center in 5-10 minutes。Each neighborhood center is divided into 6-7 groups，That is, a group of buildings (similar to residential communities in my country)，Each building group has its own public space and corresponding supporting facilities。

Secondly，Singapore has a comprehensive public transportation network，These networks are also built around bet365 mobile，Every building group is accessible by public transportation。Residents can walk to the bus station or subway station in 3-5 minutes，The bus station and the subway station are seamlessly connected。

AGAIN，Government public services dropped to neighbors，Around bet365 mobile，Residents can get services within 10-15 minutes’ walk。The service hall on the first floor of the Singapore Resident Liaison Office can provide services including marriage registration、Policy Consulting、Apply for basic social service projects including social security card。As an auxiliary hospital, community hospitals assume important service responsibilities，Provide timely and effective health medical services to patients by general practitioners。Visible，Singapore’s “two-tier medical network” and “two-tier two-way referral” system are based on the bet365 mobile system。

　　Using bet365 mobile as a carrier to socialize social governance

First，Singapore’s bet365 mobile areas implement an “embedded” living model，Making bet365 mobile a vehicle for social integration，Reduced spatial differentiation of urban communities，Avoid social “polarization”，Enhanced community cohesion。On the one hand, ethnic groups are “embedded” in residence，Promote community integration。The government stipulates the proportion of residents living in each building group or even each building in a bet365 mobile area，Residents must meet this ratio when applying for or reselling bet365 mobile，Thus avoiding the concentrated residence of various ethnic groups，Strengthened communication and integration among residents。On the other hand, the rich and the poor are "embedded in each other"，Equalized supply of public services。Private Apartments in Singapore、Large-scale bet365 mobile and small-scale bet365 mobile are staggered in one block，It avoids problems such as "alienation" and "polarization" of urban residential areas caused by residents of different income levels living together。This mutual embedding method also prevents the phenomenon of two-tiered urban housing，The "spatial spillover effect" of public facilities in bet365 mobile areas can also be used，Facilitate residents of private apartments to pay to use the facilities and services of bet365 mobile areas，Improved utilization of public infrastructure。

Secondly，Singapore’s Resident Liaison Office is built around bet365 mobile，Become a place to promote residents’ autonomy and strengthen residents’ social interactions。In Singapore，Resident Liaison Office, one of the grassroots organizations of the People’s Association，Plays an important role in coordinating community autonomy and mobilizing residents to participate in activities。On the one hand，The Resident Liaison Office provides residents with opportunities to participate in community cultural and sports interactions、A platform to strengthen connections，Give residents more opportunities to “meet”，From a society of strangers to a society of acquaintances。A 2013 statistic from the Singapore Social Survey，Residents participate in a variety of activities at the liaison office, which greatly promotes mutual communication，There are 98.6% of respondents greet each other when they meet their neighbors，Significant improvement compared to 2008。On the other hand，Resident Liaison Office provides a platform for the cultivation and development of community social organizations，These organizations have their own activity space at the Resident Liaison Office，So that it can better serve grassroots social governance。

　　bet365 mobile policy is the basis of many social policies

Many social policies in Singapore are based on bet365 mobile，A typical case is Singapore’s pension policy。First，Singapore advocates self-help elderly care，Discount when purchasing HDB flats。The government encourages young people to buy bet365 mobile closer to their parents by increasing the lottery winning rate and appropriate subsidies，This policy helps children take care of their elderly parents，Helps improve family cohesion。Secondly，Continuously improve elderly care facilities with bet365 mobile as the core。The Singaporean government has built elderly activity centers on the ground floor of community bet365 mobile，Provide well-equipped entertainment venues for the elderly。The government continues to improve and upgrade “elderly-friendly” infrastructure in bet365 mobile，For example, the "Elderly Easy" program helps the government install "senior-friendly" infrastructure in their homes。At the same time，The government uses resident liaison offices as a platform to promote the development of social organizations for the elderly，Involve community social organizations in the provision of elderly care services。Again，Implementing a housing deed buyback plan to meet diverse retirement needs。bet365 mobile in Singapore generally has a 99-year right of use (i.e. house lease)，Homeowners who meet the corresponding conditions can flexibly choose to retain the property lease for a certain period of time based on their age and life expectancy，Sell the remainder back to the government，In this way, you can get a fixed interest every month to supplement your pension，Improve quality of life。To some extent，This is a very flexible and convenient housing sales pension system。

In short，Singapore’s bet365 mobile is a systematic project，We must conduct an in-depth analysis of its operating mechanism and logic，In this way, we can better localize it，Serving the formulation and implementation of my country’s bet365 mobile policies。

　　(Author’s affiliation: Institute of bet365 mobile Policy, Zhejiang University)