The Fourth Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Party pointed out that we must adhere to and improve the party and state supervision system，Strengthen the restriction and supervision of power operation。Establishing and improving the right to restrict the supervision system must focus on the characteristics and governance logic of China's national governance，Construct a functional decentralization system with Chinese characteristics。The so -called functional decentralization refers to decision -making、Execution and supervision rights as objects，Basic political centralization and organizational rights，Differential system with functionality and nested as the core feature，Its goal is to separate through the right to affairs、Supervision and restricting the rule of law to realize power。

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The 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has been proposed to establish a sound decision -making right、Executive right、The power structure and operating mechanism of the supervision of supervision and the coordination of each other，Among them, there are two layers of meaning。First，The object that restricts and coordinates is decision -making、The right to execute and supervise，The configuration and operation of these three powers constitute the specific process and situation of governance。2，The goal of restricting and coordination is integrity and efficiency，A restrictions on each other to point to integrity，But at the same time, it is necessary to emphasize the coordination of three powers to ensure the efficiency of governance。This is under the leadership of the party，Decision right、Executive right、Supervision power is the object of restriction and supervision，Bet365 lotto review The functional decentralization mode that takes into account the dual targets of integrity and efficiency surpasses the Western political decentralization mode represented by the division of power，More in line with China's national system characteristics and governance logic。But in actual operation, there are still some imbalances in this functional decentralization，That is "Strong Coordination -Weakened Conservation"。"Strong coordination -weak constraints" generation is from the perspective of system incentives that local governments are guiding with results、Personalized liability sharing of rational selection under the target responsibility assessment system，But the basis for its production is the unbalanced power structure and operating mechanism behind it。

Unbalanced power structure，It is reflected in the integration of decision -making power on execution and supervision power and the weakness of supervision rights。In local governance practice，Decision makers have mastered the organization of the organization、Resource allocation and other key powers，Its status and influence are often higher than the main body and supervision subject，Decision power is therefore higher than the right to implement and supervise。As far as execution is concerned， "Command -obedience" is the inner logic of the current system design and practice，This means that the executor lacks certain incentives and abilities to check the decision makers。In terms of supervision,，Because the subject of supervision often depends on the decision -making entity in personnel and finance，Therefore, lack of sufficient independence and autonomy。

The operation process of imbalanced power is reflected in the process of power operation，Decision makers will pass the goal -based setting、Inspection, inspection, inspection, and incentive allocation control mechanism to further weaken the restriction and supervision function of execution and supervision rights。Although the execution right can form a reverse constraint on decision -making objects through bet365 live casino games flexibility and autonomy,， But this kind of restriction and non -institutionalized and restricted effects are unstable、Unsustainable。Although the main body of the supervisor can supervise the decision -making and execution process，But under the governance logic of efficiency and result -oriented，Supervision power also often allows the decision -making power and execution rights，Therefore, it is unstable。

　Optimize power configuration and operation mechanism

The above analysis indicates，Decision right、Bet365 lotto review The functional decentralization of the right to execute and supervise the right has three characteristics in practice: first，Taking decision -making rights，Pay attention to the execution efficiency and results of the execution rights rather than program constraints; second，Supervision rights integrate decision -making and execution rights，with tools; third，Generally presents "Strong Coordination -Weakened Reconstruction" uneven state。Therefore，Must optimize decision -making rights、The power configuration and operation mechanism of execution and supervision power，Construct a balanced functional decentralization system。

First, in the power structure dimension，Optimize decision -making right、Structural form and power relationship between execution rights and supervision rights。At the level of decision -making power，Improve the accountability mechanism of decision -making mechanism and institutionalized accountability，The boundary of decision -making rights and laws and rational exercises with procedure constraints and accountability pressure，Weaken decision -making power for execution and supervision rights。At the level of execution right，Need to be under the framework of the rule of law，The supervision and restriction function of the subject of execution of the subject through the design of the legal system，Enhance the flexibility and autonomy of execution right，Strengthen the restriction and supervision of decision -making power for enforcement rights。At the level of Bet365 lotto review supervision power，The key is to strengthen the independence of supervision right、Autonomy and authority。Specific includes，Through tissue reconstruction，Realize the supervision subject from dependency to independence; to enhance the autonomy of supervision through institutional incentives and capacity building;。

Second, at the level of power operation，Improve the program constraint，Improving the level of rule of law to improve the operation of power。First，The cadre assessment system should be optimized，Change the assessment orientation of the light program light program，Compliance of decision -making and execution procedures、The rule of law index affected by this、The rule of law environment is included in the assessment system，and improve its assessment weight。Next，Institutionalization and rule of law of power list and power operation process mechanism，Make sure its stability and authority of restrictions on power。again，Establish a traceable mechanism for the operation process of power，Monitor and record the operation of power，Realize "power over and stay marks"，The legitimate review of power operation in the future。Last，Establish a sound concentrated unity、Authoritative and efficient accountability and accountability mechanism，​​Especially the construction of decision accountability and execution accountability should be strengthened，Realize the right to decision -making、Persistence of executive and supervision rights、full coverage of accountability。

　　To restrict the supervision of the community to protect the functional decentralization system with power

From the perspective of national and social relations，Functional decentralization is still a self -restraint and supervision within the national system。But there is a dynamic dilemma in this self -restraint and supervision，It is difficult for the subject of power to "self -revolution" due to self -interest and expansion of power，自。Therefore，Construction and improvement of functional decentralization also Bet365 app download requires the help of social supervision，Realize the supervision of the state and society in the field of power，Community that forms a community of power constraints，Instead、The mutual constraints of execution and supervision rights。The restriction and supervision of public power in the society is essentially a right to control the control mode，The effective operation of its control mechanism needs to be guaranteed and strengthened through the two dimensions of social construction。

On the one hand，The basic construction of social participation in politics，This is the prerequisite for the rights control mechanism。Specific three points。One，Social rights are respected and confirmed。The state respects the differentiation of social rights、Diversity and Development，and confirm and guarantee through the constitution and related laws，To enhance citizens' awareness and social autonomy。Its two，Political systems from closed to open。Through information disclosure system、Political participation mechanism、Public debate mechanism and other institutional mechanisms，Expand the public negotiation space between the country and society，Structuralization of realizing the interaction of the country and social。Its three，Increases the weight of social evaluation of political effects，A substantial restriction supervision of the process and results of the exercise of power to protect social rights。

On the other hand，Construct and regulates the restriction supervision mechanism of online society for power。Social space and social effects under the conditions of new technical conditions have changed significantly。With the rapid development of network technology，Social space began to separate into two forms of physical society and online society。Social rights restrictions on state power have also begun to expand from the two spaces of physical society and online society。The rise of online society provides important supplements for the supervision of public power in physical society。Broadly of network bet365 Play online games relationship、The interoperability and transparency of information、The "space -time compression" and "space -time extension" of online society make the online society have obvious advantages in power supervision。The above characteristics of online society have reduced the cost of society understanding and intervention of power，It also prompted political power operation to develop towards open and transparent development。At the same time，Online society helps eliminate the spatial segmentation of supervision information and behavior，Collective action that helps to form power supervision，Realize a larger range、More powerful public opinion supervision。Therefore，It is necessary，As an important part of the power constraint of the community of power。

Of course，Network Supervision while playing an important role，There are also three key issues in three aspects。One，There is a phenomenon of partial order in the masses when conducting network supervision。Internet reporters lack effective institutional constraints and responsibility pressure，Internet exposure、Report is random，Diverse information sources lack effective identification and confirmation。Its two，The lack of institutionalized supervision mechanism when the masses are supervised by the masses。To get better results，Internet society mainly relies on scale exposure、Share、Forward，Get the attention and response from the official agency。Its three，Lack of effective connection with online supervision and physical supervision。physical supervision organizations often passively accept information input of network supervision，In information collection and sharing、Construction of docking platforms and mechanisms、Lack of effective connection and integration in the filtering and conversion of network supervision information。Therefore，It needs to be combined with the characteristics of the network society，Through laws and regulations and online community construction regulations and guide bet365 Play online games network supervision order，Cultivate the space for public supervision of rational rational; build a network supervision platform and mechanism through institutional construction，Effective connection and integration of network supervision and physical supervision。

　(this article is the major special project of the National Social Science Foundation "Research on the Research on the Party and State Supervision System of China Construction in China (18VSJ052))

(Author Unit: School of Public Management of Hangzhou Normal University)