Charity has the function of alleviating social conflicts and maintaining social order in social construction and development,Therefore, it has received great attention from the party and the government in recent years。Starting from 2016,Six laws related to charity including the Charity Law of the People's Republic of China were promulgated。The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China emphasized the need to improve charity。The government’s promotion has enabled my country’s charity to develop rapidly,Meanwhile,The increasing development of Internet technology provides unlimited development space for charity,Online fundraising has become a mainstream fundraising method for charitable organizations。But,There is still room for improvement in the operation of online charity,For example, supervision is not strong enough、Operational specifications need to be strengthened、Donors’ mobile bet365 is easily undermined, etc.,These existing problems have triggered a crisis of mobile bet365 to varying degrees。In a sense,mobile bet365 is the core of philanthropy,It reflects the essential relationship between the donor and the charitable organization,Donors’ mobile bet365 in charitable organizations is the determining factor in their willingness and behavior to donate。Therefore,Exploring the connotation of mobile bet365 in online charitable donations should theoretically lay a solid foundation for improving charity in the new era。
As early as the 1950s,Psychology、Sociology、Economics、Political science and law, as well as marketing and other disciplines have theoretically discussed mobile bet365,Therefore the concept of mobile bet365 has different theoretical origins。Sociologists believe that mobile bet365 is a relationship attribute between people or between people and systems,Economists view mobile bet365 as calculable。Compare to,Psychologists discuss mobile bet365 in terms of the attributes of the trusting party and the trusted party,And focus on people’s internal cognitive processes,Considering that mobile bet365 is a cognitive choice that depends on others,mobile bet365 is seen as a belief originating from early development、Expectation or emotion。According to the perspective of cognitive psychology,mobile bet365 refers to believing that others are reliable and automatically implies that one is vulnerable,Therefore, mobile bet365 decisions have certain risks。Based on vulnerability、Emphasis on associated risks and possible rewards,The “psycho-economic approach” defines mobile bet365 as “the perception of the trustworthiness and goodwill of the trusted party”,This definition states that credibility, or the expectation that one can rely on it, and goodwill are two characteristics of mobile bet365。The cognitive psychology view of mobile bet365 subsequently evolved into the "psycho-sociological" view,mobile bet365 is seen as “a willingness to rely on a confident exchange partner”。The "psycho-sociological" concept of mobile bet365 involves the belief intention of the psychological dimension and the behavioral intention of the social dimension,Consider individual beliefs in conjunction with individual perceptions of the organization and behavioral intentions,Very suitable for application at the "individual-organization" level analysis。There are subtle differences between the "psycho-economic approach" and the "psycho-sociological" perspective: the "psycho-economic approach" is more problem-focused,Whether the other party will provide services,The "psycho-sociological" perspective is more focused on an individual's attitude and behavior towards another individual or multiple trusted others。In other words,The "psychological-economic orientation" is relatively more concerned with the impression left by the trustee on the creditor,The "psycho-sociological" perspective focuses more on the donor's impression of the potential recipient's behavior。
Since mobile bet365 is risky、Characteristics such as benefits and expectations,Gaming games are therefore introduced into mobile bet365 research,Favored by cognitive neuropsychologists because it is quantifiable and repeatable。Cognitive neuropsychologists further expand the mobile bet365 game experiment,Developing the Prisoner’s Dilemma、Bargaining Game、Repeated mobile bet365 Game、Three-party mobile bet365 game and centipede game and other variations,Through experimental studies on these variations,Exploring the brain function location and psychological process of mobile bet365 from the neurocognitive process。Discovered by Walter and others,Whenever social interaction intent is involved,The prefrontal cortex of the human brain will be activated。In fact,When people anticipate but do not actually interact socially,The prefrontal cortex is also activated,The prefrontal cortex appears to be involved in the mental thinking process of future social interactions。Kruger et al. conducted online mobile bet365 game experiments,Suggests that the prefrontal cortex is involved in the generation of trusting relationships。DiMoka uses brain functional magnetic resonance imaging to test the psychological process of mobile bet365,Found inside the brain,mobile bet365 and the caudate nucleus (related to the expectation of positive rewards)、Related to higher activation in areas such as the putamen (associated with prediction of rewards) and prefrontal cortex (associated with predicting the behavior of others)。Klin et al. conducted a meta-analysis on 27 research results on decision-making behavior in uncertain situations,Point out that the prefrontal orbital gyrus is the main area for calculating uncertainty。Cognitive neuroscience research results show,There are four brain regions related to mobile bet365,Respectively, the brain areas related to rewards;Brain areas related to emotions;Brain areas related to social functions;Brain areas related to logical reasoning and decision-making, etc.,The research results of these brain areas and their corresponding functions indicate: mobile bet365 includes expectations、Risk、Reasoning and Emotional Components。So Kruger et al. define mobile bet365 as one party’s expectation of another party’s behavior,Willing to take certain risks,The psychological process of hoping for positive results in the future。
The definition of mobile bet365 in cognitive neuroscience and the definition of mobile bet365 in donors in the philanthropic field have reached the same goal by different approaches。Donor mobile bet365 is often defined as “mobile bet365 is a belief,i.e. mobile bet365 that the charity/institution and its members will not exploit the vulnerability of stakeholders,They are impartial in all their dealings、Reliable、Competent and ethical”。It’s not hard to see,Both emphasize "risk" and "expectation"。
The human brain is instinctively averse to risk,Thus inhibiting donors’ mobile bet365 in charitable organizations。Introduction of independence、Professional and authoritative third-party certification and evaluation mechanism,Reduce donor risk perception。A third-party certification and assessment mechanism that is free from interference and actually works,First of all, it must be a private organization independent of charitable organizations and the government,There is no interest relationship with the government or charity organizations and it has strong professionalism。The agency adopts a scientific indicator system and operable evaluation process,Regular identification and qualification of charitable organizations、Professional level、Organizational Performance、Charity disclosure、Evaluate information disclosure and other aspects,Form professional、Authority、Convincing and comprehensive system、Accurate and in-depth charity evaluation report。In addition,Regularly evaluate the operational efficiency and performance of participating charitable organizations and implement real-time rankings,In order to promote the effective allocation of charitable resources,Guide social resources to flow to efficient charitable organizations。Third-party evaluation and certification system can reduce the risk perception caused by donor information asymmetry,Conducive to the mobile bet365 of donors。
Improving the all-round supervision system of government-industry-society,Reducing opportunistic behavior of charitable organizations。Opportunistic behavior refers to those behaviors that are for self-interest without considering the interests of others,Reflects opportunistic selfishness or self-interest as the center。When a charitable organization does not pay attention to the interests of donors or other stakeholders,It is an opportunistic behavior。For example,Charitable organizations use donations for the personal benefit of organization members,Or contrary to the interests of stakeholders,Or misappropriate the charity funds for other purposes, etc.。Opportunism is also closely related to deception,If hidden、Disclosure of incomplete or distorted information about recipients,Consciously misleading others,Opportunistic behavior brings negative emotional experience to donors,Suppressed its mobile bet365 generation,Significantly affected their mobile bet365 in the charity sector。Therefore,We must build a comprehensive regulatory system from government to industry to society,Implement government supervision、Internal governance of charitable organizations、Charity Industry Supervision and Social Supervision,Full use of national power、Combining social power and civil rights,Exercise government supervision、The characteristics of seamless connection between industry supervision and social supervision,Creating opportunities for opportunistic behavior in charitable organizations、An environment with nowhere to escape,Minimize the impact of donors’ negative emotions caused by risk perception on their mobile bet365 generation。
(Author’s unit: School of mobile bet365 Development, Yangzhou University)
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